Abstract: A method is disclosed which provides improved control over the noble-metal exchange of zeolite catalyst by using bulky organic bases to control pH during the metal loading step.

Abstract: A high-octane gasoline is produced by the conversion of a light hydrocarbon containing C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins and/or C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 olefins using a crystalline aluminogallosilicate catalyst of the formula:aM.sub.2/n O bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3 Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 cSiO.sub.2 dH.sub.2 Owherein M is a metal selected from an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and a mixture thereof, n is the valence of said metal, a is a positive number of (b+1).+-.3.0, b is between 1 and 6, c is between 80 and 490, d is between 1 and 200, c/(b+1) is between 40 and 70, and c/b is between 46.7-140.

Abstract: A process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons comprising bringing into contact a hydrocarbon feedstock containing a C.sub.2, C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 paraffinic hydrocarbon with a catalyst composition comprising an aluminosilicate in which the molar ratio of silica to alumina is at least 5:1 and loaded with a compound of (a) gallium and (b) at least one rare earth metal.

Abstract: A process for converting a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 non-aromatic hydrocarbon feed to aromatics by contacting the feed with a zinc-containing medium pore size zeolite catalyst in a conversion zone, comprising adding at least one non-metal oxide or sulfide to the feed in an amount effective to prevent elution of zinc from the zinc-containing zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structures of CoO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, PO.sub.2 and tetrahedral units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Co.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Co.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "w", "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of cobalt, aluminum, phosphorus and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing aromatic compounds which comprises contacting under conversion conditions a feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst in its acid form having a Constraint Index in the range of about 1 to 12 and prepared by crystallizing a composition comprising an aqueous suspension of a precipitated amorphous silica or aluminosilicate precursor composed of a preponderant number of particles having a particle size in the range of about 1 to 500 microns, said composition being free of any organic or inorganic directing agent and containing a dissolved alumina source if a precipitated amorphous silica is utilized or a precipitated amorphous aluminosilicate is utilized containing less than the desired amount of aluminum. The catalyst is advantageously subjected to a thermal or steam treatment, and/or is impregnated with gallium before being used in the conversion.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting feedstock containing C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 aliphatic hydrocarbons to aromatics by contacting said feedstocks, under conversion conditions, with a balanced acid/hydrogenation dual function catalyst comprising as the acid component a crystalline zeolite catalyst having a Constraint Index of about 1 to 12 and an alpha value no higher than about 100, and as the hydrogenation component a minor amount of an added metal constituent comprising at least 50 weight percent of a component consisting of zinc and a metal from Group IB of the Periodic Table, e.g. copper, thereby converting the feedstock to aromatics.

Abstract: In an improved method for converting methane to at least one higher hydrocarbon product and coproduct water which comprises contacting a gas comprising methane and at least one added gaseous oxidant with nonacidic solid, the improvement comprising conducting at least a portion of said contacting in the presence of added water.

Abstract: Methane is converted to higher hydrocarbons by contact with a catalyst comprised of a reducible metal oxide which had previously been treated with a reducing agent such as hydrogen to improve characteristics of the catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising lead doped zirconium compounds are particularly effective in an oxidative process for upgrading low molecular weight alkanes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, and especially for upgrading methane to form ethane and ethylene. The catalysts can be employed in a process performed at elevated temperatures and in the presence or absence of gaseous oxygen. The catalysts are substantially free of PbO and uncombined Pb and remain stable for long periods of time.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ethane and ethylene by oxidation of methane with oxygen at a temperature of 600.degree. to 900.degree. C., in which lead (II) oxide is used as catalyst (a) dispersed on a carrier of pumice, silicon carbide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, and/or oxides of alkaline-earth elements, or (b) in a mixture with manganese (II) oxide dispersed on a carrier of pumice, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, and/or oxides of alkaline-earth elements, or (c) without a carrier in a mixture with sodium silicate alone or in combination with silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, manganese (II) oxide, zinc oxide, and/or oxides of alkaline-earth elements. Ethane and ethylene are obtained with this process in high selectivities with good catalyst activities.

Abstract: A class of mixed oxide catalysts comprising Mn-containing oxides, alkali metals or compounds thereof, and at least one member of the group consisting of oxides of Zr, mixed oxides of Zr and Si, and mixed oxides of Zr and at least one alkaline earth metal. In the more preferred embodiments, the third component serves as a carrier for the Mn and alkaline metal components. The composition preferably comprises a major amount of the carrier material and minor amounts of the other components. The compositions are useful for hydrocarbon conversion, methane conversion, and oxidative dehydrogenation processes characterized by formation of coproduct water.

Abstract: A class of mixed oxide catalysts comprising at least one reducible metal oxide, which oxide produces higher hydrocarbons and water when contacted with a hydrocarbon at synthesizing conditions, at least one oxide of zirconium, and at least one oxide of yttrium. The compositions are useful for hydrocarbon conversion, methane conversion, and oxidative dehydrogenation processes characterized by the formation of coproduct water.

Abstract: A process for making hydrocarbons of at least two carbon atoms from methane is disclosed. In this process methane and a source of oxygen are introduced into a molten salt, maintained at a temperature in the range of between about 660.degree. C. and about 800.degree. C., comprising at least one metal iodide, the metal of which is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and mixtures thereof and a catalyst comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of metals of Group IB and Group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The methane and oxygen source are introduced into the mixture such that they do not contact each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the conversion of ethane to liquid aromatic hydrocarbons comprising contacting, at a temperature of from about 500.degree. C. to about 700.degree. C., an ethane rich feedstock with a catalyst comprising a gallium modified molecular sieve catalyst, promoted with rhenium and a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium and iridium.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for converting a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 paraffin feedstock to aromatics over a gallium loaded zeolite catalyst. The feature of the invention is to bring the ethane in the feed with a fresh or freshly regenerated catalyst first and thereafter to bring the residual catalyst from this step into contact with the remainder of the C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 feedstock. The present process has the advantage of maximizing the yields of aromatics from a mixed feedstock using a single reactor and a single charge of catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to crystalline galloaluminosilicates having an X-ray diffraction pattern substantially the same as that of an MFI-zeolite and a composition in terms of mole ratios of oxides as follows:0.9.+-.0.2 M.sub.2/n O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. a Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3. b SiO.sub.2.zH.sub.2 Owherein M is a cation, n is the valence of the cation, a has a value between 0.0001 and 2, b has a value of at least 12 and z has a value of from 0 to 40. Ion-exchanged forms, calcined forms and steam-treated forms of the crystalline galloaluminosilicates are also described. Such materials can be used as catalysts and catalyst supports. The steam-treated form is particularly useful as a catalyst for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: The catalyzed oxidative coupling of a lower molecular weight alkane to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons which are then oligomerized to form aromatic hydrocarbons is disclosed.

Abstract: The catalyzed oxidative coupling of a lower molecular weight alkane to move valuable, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons is disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic treatment process is disclosed, which is carried out under pressure, in the presence of water, and with a molecular sieve catalyst which is TEA-silicate or silicalite previously stabilized by halogenation. This process may be applied to the aromatization or to the isomerization of hydrocarbon feedstocks, and to the oligomerization of olefins. The conversion rate of the process is very stable as a function of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing aromatic compounds from C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbons. In this process, a feedstock containing C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbons is passed into a reaction zone and into contact with a catalyst zone containing two discrete catalysts. The first catalyst of the discrete catalyst system is comprised in part of a ZSM-5 zeolite component while the second catalyst of the discrete catalyst system is comprised in part of a catalytically active component that is not ZSM-5 which exhibits an acidity lower than that of the first discrete catalyst. A metallic component selected from the Group IIB to IVB Elements of the Periodic Table may be a component of one or both of the discrete catalysts of the instant process as can be a phosphorus-containing alumina component. The discrete catalytic system of the present invention is particularly suited for selectively producing aromatic compounds from C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: Cyclization of aliphatic moieties of 3-20 carbons which comprises contacting a suitable starting compound comprising the aliphatic moiety with a catalyst comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of copper aluminum borate and zero valent copper on a support comprising aluminum borate under appropriate reaction conditions to obtain a compound having at least one more cyclic moiety than the starting compound. Preferably, the aromatic which undergoes cyclization is an alkenyl group attached to an aromatic nucleus. The present invention can be used to dehydrocyclize alkenylbenzenes to alkylnaphthalenes. In particular, 5-(o-tolyl)pentene can be dehydrocyclized to mixtures of 1,5-, 1,6-, and 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene.

Abstract: A novel catalytic absorbent composition is prepared with a synthetic copper or silver carbonate-containing material. The absorbent is useful for removing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan sulfur from hydrocarbon oils, especially from feedstreams to a reformer.

Abstract: In a continuous catalytic process for the production of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons from lower molecular weight hydrocarbons in which a lower molecular weight hydrocarbon containing reaction gas is contacted in a reaction zone with a higher molecular weight hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst under C.sub.2 + hydrocarbon synthesis conditions, the improvement comprising increasing the production of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons by the addition of an effective amount of aluminum metal vapor to the reaction gas, said synthesis conditions including a temperature greater than 1000.degree. C. and a gas hourly space velocity of greater than 3200 hr.sup.-1.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with a reducible oxide of Tb. The Tb oxide is preferably combined with an amount of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal which is sufficient to improve the selectivity to higher hydrocarbon products. The oxide is reduced by the contact which is carried at about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Reducible oxides of Tb are regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with molecular oxygen. The oxide Tb.sub.4 O.sub.7 is particularly effective in the process.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with a reducible oxide of Fe. The iron oxide is preferably combined with an amount of alkali and/or alkaline earth metal which is sufficient to improve the selectively to higher hydrocarbon products. The oxide is reduced by the contact which is carried at about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Reducible oxides of Fe are regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with oxygen. The oxide Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 is particularly effective in the process. Bulk iron oxides promoted by sodium and/or compounds thereof are particularly preferred contact solids.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting feedstocks containing C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic hydrocarbons to aromatics by contacting said feedstocks, under conversion conditions, with a crystalline zeolite catalyst having a constraint index of about 1 to 12 and an alpha value of no higher than about 45, and a minor amount of an added metal consisting essentially of zinc, thereby converting the feedstock to aromatics.

Abstract: Liquid hydrocarbon is prepared with high efficiency from hydrocarbon gas containing C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 paraffinic hydrocarbons and/or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefinic hydrocarbons by bringing the gas into contact with a metallo-silicate catalyst having the following chemical composition in mol %:Si/Me:15-3500OH.sup.- /SiO.sub.2 :0.3-1.0H.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 :30-100R/(R+alkali metal):0.05-0.15NaCl/H.sub.2 O:0.01-0.06where R is quaternary alkylammonium cation,alkali metal is Na or K, Me is metal ion of B, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Mo, W, La or Sc,and having the following acidity per g of catalyst:total acid 0.1-4.5 milli-equivalentstrong acid 0.05-2.0 milli-equivalentweak acid 0.05-3.0 milli-equivalent.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed which comprises a molybdenum-tungsten-containing complex represented by the formulaMo.sub.a W.sub.b M.sub.c A.sub.d O.sub.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing gasoline having a high octane number or aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting a feed stock containing at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 12 carbon atoms with a catalyst at an elevated temperature said catalyst comprising a zeolite and a fluorine compound, and optionally Group Ib, IIb, IIIa, VI, VIIb or VIII metal in the Periodic Table.

Abstract: An improved method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting a hydrocarbon gas comprising methane, an oxygen-containing gas and a reducible metal oxide under conditions effective to produce higher hydrocarbon products and water, the improvement which comprises conducting the contacting in the presence of at least one stabilizer selected from the group consisting of chalcogens and compounds thereof.

Abstract: A continuous method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with moving beds of particles comprising an oxidative synthesizing agent under synthesis conditions wherein particles recirculate between two physically separate zones: a methane contact zone and an oxygen contact zone.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting methane to a higher order hydrocarbon comprising contacting a gaseous reactant comprising methane with a phosphate-containing catalyst for a sufficient period of time and at an effective temperature to provide said higher order hydrocarbon, said catalyst being represented by the formulaM.sub.x PO.sub.ywhereinM is selected from the group consisting of Pb, Bi, Sb, Sn, Tl, In, Mn, Cd, Ge or a mixture of two or more thereof,x is from about 0.1 to about 10, andy is the number of oxygens needed to fulfill the valence requirements of the other elements.

Abstract: A process for converting low molecular weight gases such as methane and natural gas to higher hydrocarbons by means of a molten salt containing a synthesizing contact agent. The gas is contacted with a molten salt containing a metal, the oxide of which is reduced when contacted with methane at a temperature in the range of 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. to produce higher hydrocarbons and water. The reduced metal oxide/salt mixture may be regenerated to the active state by contacting the molten salt mixture with an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising C.sub.2.sup.+ olefins, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins or mixtures thereof to product comprising C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising zeolite ZSM-58.

Abstract: A solid composition of matter is disclosed consisting essentially of sodium, potassium, a Group IA metal or a Group IA metal and a Group IIA metal, titanium, oxygen and, optionally, at least one of a halogen and tin, in which at least one of the sodium, the potassium, the Group IA metal or the Group IIA metal is present in an amount in excess of any amount present in electrically neutral compounds of the metal, the titanium and oxygen.The above compositions are particularly useful as solid contact materials for the oxidative conversion of feed organic compounds to product organic compounds, particularly in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas. A method for such conversion is also disclosed.

Abstract: A solid composition of matter selected from the group consisting of:(a) a component comprising: (1) at least one material selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals and compounds containing said metals, a component comprising: (2) at least one material selected from the group consisting of zinc and compounds containing zinc, and a component comprising: (3) at least one material selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, compounds containing chloride ions; tin and compounds containing tin; and(b) a component comprising: (1) at least one material selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals and compounds containing said metals, a component comprising: (2) zinc oxide, and, optionally, a component comprising: (3) at least one material selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, compounds containing chloride ions tin and compounds containing tin.

Abstract: Methane is converted to higher hydrocarbons, paticularly ethylene and ethane, and most desirably ethylene, by:contacting a feed comprising methane, such as natural gas, and a free oxygen containing gas, such as oxygen or air, with a solid contact material, comprising:(a) a component comprising: at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IA and Group IIA metals;(b) a component comprising: at least one material selected from the group consisting of phosphate radicals and compounds containing phosphate radicals; and(c), optionally, at least one material selected from the group consisting of halogen ions and compounds containing halogen ions,under oxidative conversion conditions sufficient to convert the methane to the higher hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An improved method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting a hydrocarbon gas comprising methane, an oxygen-containing gas and a reducible metal oxide under conditions effective to produce higher hydrocarbon products and water, the improvement which comprises conducting the contacting in the presence of at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of halogens and compounds thereof.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed wherein a hydrocarbon feed is contacted with a reforming catalyst in the presence of a halogen at conditions which favor dehydrocyclization, isomerization, and dehydroisomerization of the hydrocarbon feed. The degree of the isomerization and dehydroisomerization is controlled by adjusting the amount of halogen present. The amount of halogen present can be adjusted on stream by the addition of halogen-containing gas or water. The reforming catalyst comprises a large-pore zeolite, containing at least one Group VIII metal. In one embodiment, the reforming catalyst comprises: (a) a large-pore zeolite containing barium and platinum; and (b) an acidic or acidifiable inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of silica-alumina, zirconia-silica and alumina.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative conversion of a feed material comprising methane, such as natural gas, to higher hydrocarbons, particularly ethylene and ethane and desirably ethylene, in which feed is contacted with a solid contact material comprising cobalt; at least one metal selected from the group consisting of zirconium, zinc, niobium, indium, lead and bismuth, preferably, zirconium; phosphorous; at least one Group IA metal; and oxygen under oxidative conversion conditions sufficient to convert the methane to the higher hydrocarbons. Substantial improvement in the conversion of methane and selectivity to ethylene and ethane is obtained by adding chlorine to the contact material. The further addition of sulfur to the contact material also improves the conversion and selectivity and permits the method to be carried out in an essentially continuous manner in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas.

Abstract: An improved method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting at a selected temperature at least one reducible oxide of at least one metal, associated with a hydroxylated magnesia support (that is, magnesia derived from magnesium hydroxide or a magnesium-containing component contacted with hydroxyl-containing material).

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with an oxide of Ru. The oxide is reduced by the contact which is carried at about 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C. Reducible oxides of Ru are regenerated by oxidizing the reduced composition with oxygen.

Abstract: An improved support for a contact agent, useful for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting a gas comprising methane with a contact agent at a selected temperature, is formed by sintering the surface of the support.

Abstract: A continuous method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with particles comprising an oxidative synthesizing agent under synthesis conditions wherein particles recirculate between two physically separate zones: a methane contact zone and an oxygen contact zone. Preferably, particles are maintained in each of the two zones as fluidized beds of solids. Particularly effective oxidative synthesizing agents are reducible oxides of metals selected from the group consisting of Mn, Sn, In, Ge, Pb, Sb, and Bi.

Abstract: A process for the production of aromatic compounds from low-molecular weight predominantly paraffinic feedstock which comprises contacting the feedstock in a first reactor with a dehydrogenation catalyst to produce a first reaction product containing alkenes; contacting said first reaction product in a second reactor with a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst to produce a second reaction product containing aromatics; and separating an aromatic-rich fraction therefrom. In a preferred embodiment the feedstock consists essentially of propane and/or butane.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrocarbons from a methane source which comprises contacting methane with an oxidative synthesizing agent under elevated pressures, preferably at pressures within the range of about 5 to 30 atmospheres. Particularly effective oxidative synthesizing agents are reducible oxides of metals selected from the group consisting of Mn,Sn,In,Ge,Pb,Sb, and Bi.

Abstract: An improved method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting a gas comprising methane and a reducible metal oxide under synthesis conditions, the improvement which comprises performing the contacting in the presence of oxides of nitrogen. Nitrous oxide is a preferred nitrogen oxide.

Abstract: An improved method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting a gas comprising methane and an oxidative synthesizing agent at synthesizing conditions, the improvement which comprises contacting methane with a solid comprising a promoting amount of alkali metal and/or compounds thereof, said solid being associated with a support selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals and compounds thereof. Magnesia is a particularly preferred support.

Abstract: An improved method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products by contacting a hydrocarbon gas comprising methane, an oxygen-containing gas and a reducible metal oxide under synthesis conditions, the improvement which comprises contacting methane and oxygen with a contact solid which comprises at least one manganese silicate.