Abstract: Disclosed is a type of an exhaust gas energy recovery method for an internal combustion engine of a type which incorporates a turbine generator driven by the exhaust gas energy of the internal combustion engine and in which the driving power of a motor driven by the power generated by the generator is added to the driving power of the internal combustion engine. The method also incorporates a control device for controlling the output torque of the motor in different forms at low and high speed areas within a variable control range of the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine. The motor is operated with constant torque characteristics at the low speed area and with reduced torque characteristics at the high speed area thereby enabling the exhaust gas energy to be efficiently recovered at an engine speed area where the ratio of engine-operating time is high.

Abstract: A turbocharger for an internal combustion engine is disclosed, including a turbine drivable by the exhaust energy of the internal combustion engine, and an air compressor coupled by a shaft to an impeller of the turbine for charging air into engine cylinders in response to rotation of the shaft. A rotor is mounted on the shaft and stator cores and coils are disposed around the rotor. The rotor and the stator cores and coils jointly constitute a motor-generator which operates as a motor or a generator dependent on operating conditions of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An energy recovery apparatus for a turbo compound engine is provided having: an exhaust turbine with a first rotary machine in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine; a second rotary machine mounted on a wheel axle of a motor vehicle, which is driven by the internal combustion engine, and an exhaust turbine coupled to the exhaust port of the first-mentioned exhaust turbine; and a third rotary machine operable as a generator. The energy recovery apparatus also includes a first sensor for detecting the speed of rotation of the internal combustion engine and a second sensor for detecting the load on the engine. The first through third rotary machines are controlled by signals from the sensors and efficiently utilize the exhaust energy carried by the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A turbo compound engine includes a generator for converting the exhaust energy of an internal combustion engine to electric energy and a motor operatively coupled to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and drivable by the electric energy generated by the generator, so that the energy of the internal combustion engine can be recovered. The torque produced by the internal combustion engine is assisted dependent on the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the engine.

Abstract: A supercharged marine diesel engine having at least one exhaust gas turbocharger and a separate power turbine is connected in parallel with the supercharger turbine. At least one auxiliary diesel engine drives a synchronous generator for supplying the shipboard grid with electrical energy. The power turbine is connected to a free shaft end of the auxiliary diesel/generator unit. By this arrangement, it is possible to reduce the load on the auxiliary diesel engine, which results in a substantial saving in fuel.

Abstract: An engine energy recovery apparatus is described including an exhaust turbine and a generator provided in the exhaust pipe of an engine. Temperature sensors are provided for sensing exhaust temperature at the inlet and outlet of the exhaust turbine, as well as a speed sensor for sensing the rotational speed of the exhaust turbine. The efficiency of the exhaust turbine is computed based on signals from these sensors, and the load on the generator is adjusted so that the exhaust turbine will run at maximum efficiency at all times.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (11) including a turbocharger system comprising a supercharger compressor (16) connected to the intake manifold (12) of the engine driven by a first turbine (15) mounted on a common shaft (21) with the compressor and connected to the engine exhaust manifold (13). Surplus exhaust gas is passed to a second turbine (17) which drives an electric generator (18) for generating power to energize auxiliary equipment such as an electric motor (20). The loading and unloading of the generator is controlled by sensor and switch means (25, 19) in response to torque output demands, to thereby reduce the pressure ratio over the second turbine with consequent increase in back pressure and thus increase the pressure ratio over the first turbine with consequent boosting of the supercharging capacity of the compressor upon demand for increased torque output of the engine.

Abstract: An advanced turbo compound engine of internal combustion type having conventional reciprocally movable pistons, cylinders, manifolds, fuel-oxygen admixing apparatus or fuel injection, firing apparatus or compression ignition, and incorporating the improvement of respective nozzle means for conveying the hot, moderately high pressure combustion products (exhaust gases) from the respective cylinders to one or more turbines, the nozzle means having its inlet and discharge ends connected, respectively, with the respective boundary walls of respective combustion chambers or cylinders and with the inlet to a turbine. The turbine may have its shaft connected with a compressor for compressing at least air for intake to the engine and/or for connecting with the output shaft of the engine for assisting in delivering power that is used as desired, or connected to other auxiliary power needs.

Abstract: Combustion control in a spark ignited internal combustion engine for inhibition of incipient detonation, or knock, is provided by the addition of exhaust gases or other diluent gases to the intake manifold of the engine prior to opening of the intake valve. The addition of this diluent gas causes a prestratification of the charge entering the combustion chamber of the engine. Upon compression and ignition of the charge, the diluent gas inhibits spontaneous combustion of the portions of the charge furthest away from the site of ignition of the charge, thereby preventing one cause of incipient detonation. This combustion control may be used with turbocharged and supercharged engines, as well as with naturally aspirated internal combustion engines, and allows the engine to operate on much lower octane fuel than would be possible without prestratification.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, especially Diesel engine, with cylinders arranged adjacent to each other in one cylinder block. Each of said cylinders is connected through conduits to an air intake system and an exhaust gas discharge system. The conduits of cylinders which follow each other in the working cycle of the engine are matched with each other as to length and cross section, and at least the conduits of the matched air intake system are connected to a common air container. At least the air container is combined with the motor block of the engine to form a unit, and is provided with connections for the air intake and exhaust gas outlet systems.

Abstract: An integral turbine housing and exhaust collector section (44) is disclosed for use in an internal combustion engine turbocharger wherein the integral housing and collector section (44) is characterized by lighter weight, smaller size and greater efficiency than designs known heretofor. In the preferred embodiment, the turbine housing includes a volute section (46) containing twin 360.degree. volute passages (58, 60) into which a pair of parallel exhaust gas streams (34, 36) are directed by a pair of mirror image legs (48, 50) shaped to receive exhaust gases traveling in opposite direction toward the midsection of the engine (25) from a multi branch exhaust manifold (82, 84). Each leg (48, 50) contains a guide passage (81) having a curved central axis (1.sub.4) characterized by a constant radius of curvature (R.sub.1) at each point along the axis (1.sub.4) to provide the most aerodynamically efficient path of travel for each exhaust gas stream (34, 36).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in breaking wood, such as wood splitting and tree felling, for causing the wood to break under the influence of a force acting on the cutting surfaces of a notch in the wood, such as a saw notch. The wood breaking force is produced by means of an inflatable cushion which is inserted in a flattened state into the saw notch and connected to the combustion chamber of the cylinder of the power saw motor to be inflated with compressed gas from the combustion chamber. Also disclosed is a special spark plug for the power saw motor for use in supplying the compressed gas from a combustion chamber to the inflatable cushion.

Abstract: A turbine power plant of particularly inexpensive construction and using static expansion of the combustion gas to accelerate slugs of liquid used as the motive power for a Pelton wheel. The turbine power plant comprises a fuel combustion unit producing combustion gas which serves to impart speed to slugs of an auxiliary liquid, like water, in output pipes; this auxiliary liquid acts on a Pelton wheel to produce rotary drive. A part of the auxiliary liquid is reconverted as slugs to compress the air supplied to the fuel combustion unit. The turbine power plant also includes a second Pelton wheel driving a common shaft for an air fan, and a pair of rotating nozzles arranged to produce the said slugs of auxiliary liquid. The second Pelton wheel is driven by part of the auxiliary liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in tree felling for causing a tree to tip under the influence of a force acting on the cutting surfaces of a saw notch in the tree trunk. The tipping force is produced by means of an inflatable cushion which is inserted in a flattened state into the saw notch and connected to the combustion chamber of the cylinder of the power saw motor to be inflated with compressed gas from said combustion chamber.

Abstract: A turbine is disclosed which is adapted to receive and utilize fluid from multiple sources simultaneously. The fluid from each source is utilized optimumly by providing a section of the turbine adapted for the characteristics of each fluid source.

Abstract: An internal combustion two stroke engine is provided having at least one cylinder within which a piston reciprocates. The engine is joined to a gear box which includes a ring gear. A pair of gears having diameters half that of the ring gear move within the latter. At least one of said pair of gears is connected to a piston by a pin extending between the piston and the periphery of said gear. An additional pair of gears are fixed to respective ones of the first-mentioned gear pair and are operatively joined to a pinion to which a drive shaft is secured. A turbine and filter arrangement is positioned on the side of the engine opposite the gear box whereby exhaust gases from the engine are directed to the turbine to develop power at an output drive shaft joined to the turbine and to filter pollutants from the gases.

Abstract: There is disclosed an engine which drives a turbine via a series of relatively identical hot gas pulses. The series of pulses are generated by a combustor-compressor unit under a controllable firing rate. The firing rate of the unit is rapidly variable over a wide range to enable one to drive the turbine and a shaft coupled to the turbine for propelling a vehicle. The combuster compressor is controlled to develop the gas pulses by a servo system which monitors the shaft rotation for varying mechanical loads to operate the turbine at a constant speed. A torque converter is employed to transform the shaft power into mechanical power necessary to propel a vehicle at conventional and required speed variations.

Abstract: A power supply of installations, especially of motor vehicles, driven by internal combustion engines which consists of a generator, a storage battery and loads as well as corresponding switching means; at least one thermionic converter acted upon by the hot exhaust gases serves as generator while at least one electric motor feeding mechanically into the drive connection of the installation is provided as load; the thermionic converter or converters as well as preferably also the storage capacity of the battery are designed as regards their power output for approximately the utilizable thermal energy of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An auxiliary power system for an internal combustion engine. The system employs a vapor or hot gas engine coupled to an internal combustion engine by means of an overruning clutch assembly. The internal combustion engine, operated conventionally, generates heat in its cooling and exhaust systems as well as in accessory equipment. The heat generated in the internal combustion engine and its accessories is used for generating vapor in one or more heat exchangers, the vapor preferably being from a liquid with a boiling point well below that of water. The generated vapor is used to drive a vapor engine. Temperature-sensitive means is employed to measure the heat generated in one or more parts of the system for controlling a linear solenoid valve for automatically controlling the internal combustion engine temperatures and thereby the amount of vapor generated.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which heat is derived from the engine cooling system and/or the exhaust to heat a working fluid in a closed circulatory system. This heat transforms the working fluid into a gas which is delivered to a turbine which drives a generator. The generator delivers DC current to an electrolysis cell in which water is decomposed. The water is decomposed by the electric current into its oxygen and hydrogen components. The oxygen is passed to the air intake of the engine carburetors, while the hydrogen is conveyed to a carburetor therefor. Also included is a carburetor for conventional hydrocarbon fuels. The two carburetors are connected by linkage which may be operated either manually or by pressure to vary the ratio of the carbureted fuels which are delivered to the engine.

Abstract: A motor vehicle drive system in which an internal combustion engine is operatively connected to a gas turbine installation. A compressor is interposed between the engine and the turbine installation so as to receive directly the exhaust gases from the piston engine and thereby prevent the development of a back pressure upon the exhaust system.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a protective measure for internal parts of a gas turbine, whereby foreign objects in the flow of inlet gas to the turbine are subjected to strong centrifugal action at a locally frangible region of the inlet duct, i.e., prior to turbine exposure. The material and structure of the frangible region are selected such that foreign objects of greater than predetermined mass will rupture the same and thus avoid ingestion of such objects in the gas turbine. The invention is described for the case of a turbocharger which is operated by exhaust gas from an internal-combustion engine, and which supplies compressed inlet air to the engine; upon rupture of the frangible region, a rotor-bypassing flow is established to the gas-turbine exhaust for safe handling of engine exhaust and for use in prompt development of a suitable warning.

Abstract: A propulsion system useful, for example, for automobiles, comprising an air compressor, a rotary engine, and a multiple stage turbine mounted upon a common shaft, and an infuser section comprising a plurality of nozzles for injecting air into the exhaust gases from the turbine to reduce the temperature and consequently the pressure of the exhaust gases prior to passage into an exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A drive shaft for turning wheels of a vehicle or for operating other devices requiring rotary driving motion, has a pair of diametrically opposed compressors non-rotatively mounted upon it and also a dual channeled turbine mounted upon it with a rotor of the turbine keyed to the drive shaft to cause said shaft to turn with said rotor; separate duct means being provided between the two compressors and diametrically opposite points of the turbine's two channels for conducting ignited gas from the compressors to the turbine to drive said rotor and the drive shaft. Each compressor includes a piston, gas intake and exhaust valves, and means for igniting compressed gas in the compressor to charge the ignited gas into the turbine.