Abstract: An image selection unit selects a B2 image signal of which an image blurring amount satisfies a first condition, from a B2 image signal at a first timing T1 or B2 image signals at the second timing T2 to an N-th timing TN. A computed image signal generation unit performs computation based on a B1 image signal at the first timing T1 and a second image signal selected in the image selection unit, thereby generating a computed image signal.

Abstract: To make it possible to configure a medical support arm apparatus which does not impair operability for the surgeon, and which is also compact. Provided is a medical support arm apparatus including: an arm section configured so that a medical tool is provided on a front end, and movable axes are arranged so that the arm section has at least six degrees of freedom. Among the movable axes, a movable axis provided on the front end side that prescribes an attitude of the medical tool is a passive axis that rotates by following an external force, and at least one axis provided on a base end side that prescribes a position of the medical tool is a drive axis driven by an actuator.

Abstract: A telepresence controller is provided for interaction with a remote telepresence session to control haptic interactions between an end effector and the remote telepresence session. Force sensor(s) monitor force(s) applied to an end effector. Position sensor(s) monitor a position of the end effector. The telepresence controller communicates with the remote telepresence session to exchange position data and force data indicative of concurrent haptic movements of the end effector and an object in the remote telepresence session. Magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatus(es) have an input adapted to be connected to a power source and configured to receive a degree of actuation (DOA) therefrom, the magnetorheological fluid clutch apparatus(es) having an output being actuatable to selectively transmit the received DOA to the end effector by controlled slippage.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for aiding medical procedures. An apparatus includes a housing defining a first opening, a second opening, and a interior, and a first cleaning element maintained within the interior relative to the first opening, the first cleaning element comprising at least one cleaning agent operable to remove extraneous debris from an object. The apparatus further includes a second cleaning element maintained with the interior relative to the second opening, the second cleaning element comprising at least one cleaning material and at least one white reference material, the at least one cleaning material operable to remove debris from an object. The apparatus also includes a conduit defining a passage from a first end of the housing to a second end of the housing.

Abstract: An endoscope has an elongate shaft, with a housing that is arranged in the endoscope and has a fluid-tight embodiment and a sensor for capturing a physical measurement variable, the sensor being arranged in the shaft. The sensor is situated outside of the fluid-tight housing. A signal line extends from the sensor to a coupling point at the fluid-tight housing. The coupling point connects the signal line to an evaluation unit that is arranged in an interior of the housing for the purposes of evaluating the measurement signal.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes an illuminator including: an emphasis light source that emits emphasis narrow band light whose peak or central wavelength is included in an emphasis wavelength range that includes a maximum wavelength taking a maximum value of an optical absorption spectrum of a diagnosis target substance or a largest wavelength taking a largest value of the spectrum in any of three color ranges; and a non-emphasis light source that emits non-emphasis narrow band light whose peak or central wavelength is included in a non-emphasis wavelength range that is a wavelength range not including the emphasis wavelength range of the color ranges. The illuminator further includes a light quantity ratio changing section that changes a light quantity ratio between the emphasis and non-emphasis narrow band light.

Abstract: A visualization module (1, 50, 100, 200), in particular for an endoscope (2), having an image sensor (3) and an illumination unit (4) for lighting a field of view of the image sensor (3), wherein the illumination unit (4) is arranged in the shadow of the image sensor (3) in the case of light that is incident perpendicularly on an end face (32) of the visualization module (1, 50, 100, 200), and the image sensor (3) and the illumination unit (4) are encapsulated at least partially in a transparent encapsulation material (5). A method for producing a visualization module (1, 50, 100, 200) is also provided.

Abstract: Described is a method of providing an augmented reality (AR) scene of pipe inspection data, including: obtaining, using a processor, pipe inspection data derived from a pipe inspection robot that traverses through the interior of an underground pipe, the pipe inspection data including one or more sets of condition assessment data relating to an interior of the underground pipe; obtaining, using a processor, real-time visual image data of an above-ground surface; combining, using a processor, the pipe inspection data with the real-time visual image data in an AR scene; and displaying, using a display device, the AR scene. Other examples are described and claimed.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing including a first surface, a display exposed through a first portion of the first surface, a first light emitting source exposed through a second portion of the first surface, an imaging sensor circuit that is exposed through a third portion of the first surface and is electrically connected with the first light emitting source, and a processor that is disposed in the housing and is electrically connected with the imaging sensor circuit. In addition, various embodiments recognized through the specification are possible.

Abstract: Disclosed is an endoscope device. An endoscope device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a heating source that heats a diagnosis target tissue; a cooling source that cools the diagnosis target tissue; a sensing unit that measures temperature of the diagnosis target tissue; and an image processing unit that obtains a first value meaning a temperature change for a predetermined time of the diagnosis target tissue heated by the heating source on the basis of the temperature obtained by the sensing unit, obtains a second value meaning time until the heated diagnosis target tissue is stabilized by being cooled by the cooling source after obtaining the first value, and produces an image for diagnose a tumor in the diagnosis target tissue on the basis of the first value and the second value.

Abstract: An optical system includes: a first optical element; a first movable frame; a holding frame; a voice coil motor; a first position detection unit configured to detect information related to a position of the first movable frame with respect to the holding frame and generate a first position signal; a determination unit configured to determine whether the first position signal is normal; and a drive control unit configured to perform, when the determination unit determines that the first position signal is normal, first drive control for driving the first movable frame by controlling, based on the first position signal, a current allowed to flow in the coil or configured to perform, when the determination unit determines that the first position signal is not normal, second drive control for driving the first movable frame by flowing a current with a predetermined value in the coil.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes an endoscope, a display device, and a cable interconnecting the endoscope and the display device. The endoscope includes an elongated body extending distally from a handle. An image sensor is disposed within a distal portion of the elongated body, a lens is disposed at a distal end of the elongated body, and a light source including one or more light emitting elements is integrated into the distal end of the elongated body and positioned radially outward of the lens. An integrated processor is disposed within the handle.

Abstract: A robot guiding system employing a robot unit (10) including an endoscope (12) and a robot (11), and a control unit (20) including an endoscopic image controller (22) and a robot controller (21). In operation, the endoscope (12) generate an endoscopic image of an anatomical region as the robot (11) move the endoscope (12) within the anatomical region in response to robot actuator commands. The endoscopic image controller (22) controls a display of the endoscopic image (14) of the anatomical region and generates endoscope pose commands to maintain a visibility of two or more interventional instruments within the display of the endoscopic image (14) relative to a center of the endoscopic image (14). The robot controller (21) generates the robotic actuator commands responsive to the endoscope pose commands.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an image processing apparatus, an endoscope system, an image processing method, an image processing program, and a recording medium capable of accurately estimating blood vessel information. An image processing apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes: an image acquisition unit that acquires an image of a living body; a blood vessel index value calculation unit that calculates a blood vessel index value of the living body from the acquired image; a blood vessel density calculation unit that calculates a blood vessel density of the living body from the acquired image; a blood vessel index value correction unit that corrects the calculated blood vessel index value according to the calculated blood vessel density; and a blood vessel information estimation unit that estimates blood vessel information of the living body based on the corrected blood vessel index value.

Abstract: A laparoscopic medical device includes an oximeter sensor at its tip, which allows the making of oxygen saturation measurements laparoscopically. The device can be a unitary design, wherein a laparoscopic element includes electronics for the oximeter sensor at a distal end (e.g., opposite the tip). The device can be a multiple piece design (e.g., two-piece design), where some electronics is in a separate housing from the laparoscopic element, and the pieces (or portions) are removably connected together. The laparoscopic element can be removed and disposed of; so, the electronics can be reused multiple times with replacement laparoscopic elements. The electronics can include a processing unit for control, computation, or display, or any combination of these. However, in an implementation, the electronics can connect wirelessly to other electronics (e.g., another processing unit) for further control, computation, or display, or any combination of these.

Abstract: An LED-type distal end optical adapter includes a three-dimensional molded substrate including a through hole and provided with a mounting surface and wall surface parts provided so as to project from the mounting surface, an adapter frame member including a small diameter hole in which an outer circumferential surface of the first wall surface part of the three-dimensional molded substrate is disposed and forming a first adhesive filling space, and a lens holding frame disposed in a through hole and forming a second adhesive filling space.

Abstract: A memory region on an IC card has a hierarchical structure. Each application allocated on the memory region is registered in a directory, and the memory region is managed in directory units. A personal identification code is set for each application and directory, and the access right is controlled in application units or directory units. If a mobile terminal is lost, the right to access each application in the IC card automatically disappears. Therefore, the right to access each application allocated to the memory region on the IC card is efficiently controlled.

Abstract: A feederhouse conveyor system for an agricultural harvesting machine is provided. The feederhouse conveyor system includes a power transmitting system. The power transmitting system includes first rollers, second rollers, and power transmitting bands. The power transmitting bands are configured to each transmit power between each of the first rollers and the second rollers. The feederhouse conveyor system also includes rigid cross members, configured to each attach near each end to at least one of the power transmitting bands, and flexible cross members configured to each attach near each end to at least one of the power transmitting bands. The centerlines which extend through the rigid cross members and the flexible cross members are parallel. The mat attaches to the flexible cross members by a pocket in the mat through which the flexible cross members extend.

Abstract: An image processing device to improve measurement accuracy for a measurement point includes a corresponding point adjusting unit that causes a display unit to display a measurement point peripheral image that is an image of an area in a periphery of the measurement point extracted from a reference image and a corresponding point peripheral image that is an image of an area in a periphery of a corresponding point extracted from a corresponding image, the measurement point peripheral image and the corresponding point peripheral image being displayed side by side, to adjust a position of the corresponding point found by a corresponding point searching unit.

Abstract: A robotic surgical system includes a robotic surgical assembly and a control assembly. The robotic surgical assembly includes a robotic actuation assembly, a processing device, and a first communication device. The robotic actuation assembly includes a robotic arm. The processing device is configured to instruct the robotic actuation assembly to perform a task based on a set of instructions. The first communication device is operable to transfer the set of instructions to the processing device. The control assembly includes a second communication device and a user input device. The second communication device is operable to communicate the set of instructions to the first communication device. The user input device assembly is configured to generate the set of instructions and send the set of instruction to the second communication device. At least a portion of the instructions are based on positioning of the user input device within three-dimensional space.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: a capsule endoscope that is capable of being introduced into a subject and that wirelessly transmits image data obtained by capturing an image inside the subject; a plurality of receiving devices each of which receives and records the image data wirelessly transmitted by the capsule endoscope, each of the receiving devices including a receiver configured to receive, by using wireless communication, identification information for identifying the capsule endoscope, a recorder configured to record the image data, and a first controller configured to establish wireless communication with the capsule endoscope according to a reception result of the receiver and record, in the recorder, the image data transmitted from the capsule endoscope by associating the image data with the identification information of the capsule endoscope; and a workstation that is connected to the plurality of the receiving devices, the workstation including a processor comprising hardware.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus capable of ensuring safe and compliant use includes an endoscope, a means for identification of the endoscope, a means for determining whether the endoscope is suitable for a given medical act utilizing the identification of the endoscope, and a disablement means that prevents utilization of the endoscope when determined the endoscope is not suitable for the given medical act. The identification may be on a tag fixed to the endoscope and/or container. The information is checked for a match in a cloud database to ensure the endoscope is the right device for the medical act. If not the right device, the endoscope is deactivated. If the right device, the endoscope is activated and the cloud database is updated accordingly. The cloud database can also be updated at each point in the distribution chain to allow complete traceability.

Abstract: A capsule endoscope includes a sensor, an analyzer, a counter, a signal generator, and an imager. A count value becomes a reference value when an imaging synchronization signal is generated. When the count value changes from the reference value to a first predetermined value, the signal generator generates the imaging synchronization signal. A second time that is necessary for the count value to change from the reference value to the first predetermined value is fixed or variable. The second time is longer than a first time in a case in which the second times is fixed. A maximum value of the second time is longer than the first time in a case in which the second time is variable.

Abstract: A handheld surgical endoscope has a disposable, single-use handle, cannula and distal tip. The distal tip includes LED illumination and an imaging module that feeds live video to a re-usable display module that connects off-axis to the disposable handle. A rechargeable battery module also attaches to the handle. The cannula includes two lumens for separate fluid in-flow and out-flow channels, as well as providing a working channel through which a surgical implement can be used. Extruded cannula and molded distal tip parts can be separately formed which aids in manufacturing and assembly. The working channel can have a substantially straight proximal access port.

Abstract: A system for preventing inadvertent actuation of a medical device. The system includes an elongate tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen extending from the proximal end to the distal end. The lumen is configured to receive a medical device configured to transition between an actuated state and an inactive state. The device further includes a detection system configured to determine a position of a distal end of the medical device relative to the distal end of the elongate tube. The detection system includes a transmitting element and a receiving element.

Abstract: A handheld surgical endoscope has a disposable, single-use handle, cannula and an imaging module at a distal tip. A multiple-use display unit is removably mounted on and supported by the handle and includes a touch-sensitive display screen configured to respond to touch commands to control taking of images with the imaging module and further configured to display the images. The display unit and the handle include respective mechanical connectors that engage each other to removably mount the display unit on the handle by sliding motion relative to each other, and the display unit is removable tool-free from said handle for disposal of the handle and cannula after a medical procedure therewith.

Abstract: This invention relates to force/torque sensor and more particularly to multi-axis force/torque sensor and the methods of use for directly teaching a task to a mechatronic manipulator. The force/torque sensor has a casing, an outer frame forming part of or connected to the casing, an inner frame forming part of or connected to the casing, a compliant member connecting the outer frame to the inner frame, and one or more measurement elements mounted in the casing for measuring compliance of the compliant member when a force or torque is applied between the outer frame and the inner frame.

Abstract: An artificial reality system is described that renders, presents, and controls user interface elements within an artificial reality environment, and performs actions in response to one or more detected gestures of the user. The artificial reality system includes an image capture device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a user interface (UI) engine, and a rendering engine. The head-mounted display (HMD) outputs artificial reality content, the artificial reality content including a display element that appears superimposed on and attached to an arm. The gesture detector identifies, from the image data, a gesture that includes a gripping motion of a hand with respect to the display element. The UI engine is configured to, in response to the identification of the gesture, (i) update the display element to appear detached from and separate from the arm, and (ii) generate a UI element that appears detached from the arm.

Abstract: An endoscope system has an oxygen saturation calculation unit that calculates the oxygen saturation of an observation target using an LUT. The endoscope system includes: an image acquisition unit that acquires a correction image obtained by imaging the observation target before calculating the oxygen saturation; an image correction amount calculation unit that calculates an image correction amount for an oxygen saturation calculation image using the correction image; an image correction unit that corrects the oxygen saturation calculation image according to the image correction amount; and a storage unit that stores the correction image and an oxygen saturation image, which shows the oxygen saturation calculated by the oxygen saturation calculation unit using the oxygen saturation calculation image after correction, so as to be associated with each other.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes: a wiring board that has a first main surface and a second main surface; an electronic components that include an image pickup device mounted on the wiring board; and conductive wires bonded to the wiring board. The wiring board includes a first area disposed in an XY plane, a second area extended from a distal end portion of the first area and disposed in an XZ plane, a third area extended from a first side surface of the first area and disposed in a YZ plane, and a fourth area extended from a distal end portion of the third area and disposed in the XZ plane. The first main surface of the second area is a distal end surface, and the image pickup device is mounted on the distal end surface.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus, device or tool for performing endoscopic (that is, minimally invasive) surgery. An exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a video endoscope whilst in another embodiment of the invention includes an endoscopic surgical tool which, when equipped with one of a suite of endoscopic surgical instruments, can be used by a surgeon to perform surgical procedures inside a body. Another embodiment of the present invention includes a suite of endoscopic surgical instruments designed to work co-operatively with the endoscopic surgical tool. In another embodiment of the present invention, a video-assisted endoscopic surgical tool system is provided. In one embodiment, the system includes the video-assisted endoscopic surgical tool and a suite of at least one endoscopic surgical instrument.

Abstract: A system for video-assisted surgery includes one or more displays, a memory including at least one preoperative image, and a camera coupled to capture a video. A controller is coupled to the memory, the camera, and the one or more displays, and the controller includes logic that when executed by the controller causes the system to perform a variety of operations. The system may capture a video of a surgical area, including anatomical features, using the camera, and display the video of the surgical area on the one or more displays. The system may also display the at least one preoperative image on the one or more displays at the same time as the video. The location of the anatomical features shown in the video is displayed as an accentuated region on the at least one preoperative image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a computer-implemented method of determining an atlas element. The method encompasses acquiring model image data that describes at least one fixed element (an anatomical element such as an anatomical body part, for example, a rib). Patient image data is acquired that describes an improvable element (an anatomical element such as an anatomical body part, for example heart). Region data is acquired, for example by assigning a homogeneous grey value to a region of the model image. The patient image is matched to the model image, wherein no matching is performed within the region. A transformation for mapping the improvable element into the region is determined based on matching. Several patient images are then mapped into the region and superimposed. An atlas element is determined based on the superimposed images. The method may be repeated using the determined anatomical atlas element as a constraint to detect further atlas elements.

Abstract: A method and a corresponding system are provided. The method comprises steps of providing 2D images and subsequently detecting outlines of a primary structure in each of the images. A visual representation of the 2D images is generated and the 2D images are then arranged as 2D slices in a 3D visual representation. To this end, at least two of the 2D images are taken at different imaging angles. The method provides a 3D visual representation of a region of interest comprising a primary structure to support a spatial sense of a user.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a first light source that emits visible light, a second light source that emits non-visible light, an image sensor that generates a first image including a subject through first photoelectric conversion using the visible light and generates a second image including a subject that emits fluorescence emission light due to excitation by the non-visible light through second photoelectric conversion using the non-visible light, and an output device that alternately switches between and outputs the first image and the second image. The second light source starts light emission by a predetermined time before start of the second photoelectric conversion due to driving of the driving circuit.

Abstract: An illumination device may include an illumination source including a light source, a single fiber connecting the illumination source to a medical device and being dedicated to the transmission of light energy from the light source, and a numerical aperture adjustment portion located between the single fiber and the medical device. The light source may generate at least one non-white colored laser energy, and the illumination device may convert the at least one non-white colored laser energy into white colored laser energy.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an imaging apparatus includes an image sensor, image generation circuitry, calculation circuitry and superimposition circuitry. The image generation circuitry successively generates a first image and a second image. The calculation circuitry calculates a first parameter to allow brightness of the first image to be equal to or close to a predetermined value, and calculates a second parameter relating to brightness of the second image based on the first parameter and a predetermined ratio. The superimposition circuitry generates a composite image by superimposing the second image in which the brightness is adjusted using the second parameter onto the first image in which the brightness is adjusted using the first parameter.

Abstract: There is provided herein a tip section of a multi-viewing element endoscope, the tip section comprising: two or more side-pointing viewing elements positioned at or in proximity to a distal end of said tip section, wherein each of said two or more side-pointing viewing elements having a discrete illuminator associated therewith, wherein the field of view provided by the two or more side-pointing viewing elements covers a front and side views; a working channel configured for insertion of a surgical tool; and a pathway fluid injector for inflating and/or cleaning a body cavity into which the endoscope is inserted.

Abstract: A multifunctional measuring device for automatic examination of female genital organs, the measuring device having proximal and distal directions, and comprising: a device handle, located in the proximal direction, connected to an elongated, cylindrically-shaped intravaginal module having a longitudinal axis of symmetry, the intravaginal module located in the distal direction; a control and communications subsystem configured within the handle; and an optic module, an ultrasound module, a microwave module, and a thermal sensor array, configured within the intravaginal module and a chemical sensor array configured outside of the intravaginal module; and the control and communications subsystem connected with the optic, ultrasound, and microwave modules and with the thermal sensor array; the intravaginal module positioned intravaginally to scan female genital organs and at least two chosen from list including: the optic module; the ultrasound module; the microwave module; the thermal sensor array; and the chemi

Abstract: An illuminating device includes an image acquisition system configured to adjust a plurality of light sources on the basis of a correlation between luminance acquired from an image processing device and the light amounts of the emission light beams. Accordingly, the color temperature of the image processing device can be accurately adjusted because the illuminating device can control the plurality of light sources by individual adjustment to output a desired light.

Abstract: An image diagnosis learning device includes: CNN configuration storage storing a network configuration of a convolutional neural network (CNN); parameter storage storing parameters of a learning subject in the CNN; inappropriate region detection unit that detects, an inappropriate region, in an image for learning in which the diagnosis subject is photographed; and inappropriate region invalidation unit invalidates a unit corresponding to the inappropriate region, among units of an input layer in the network configuration of the CNN to which the image for learning has been input. The image diagnosis learning device further includes loss value calculation unit performs calculation of the CNN by using the parameters in a state where the unit of the input layer, which corresponds to the inappropriate region, has been invalidated, and calculates a loss value; and parameter updating unit updates the parameters in the parameter storage.

Abstract: An optical assembly adapted to be positioned within an endoscope tip and having three modular camera units, comprising: a front modular camera unit defined by a front central axis and a first and second side modular camera units defined by first and second side central axes that are substantially parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the front central axis. Each modular camera unit further comprises a holder for housing an associated optical element and an image sensor in data communication with a corresponding printed circuit board. The front, first side and second side modular camera units are respectively positioned in first, second and third compartments of an assembly holder.

Abstract: A driveline for an implantable blood pump including a percutaneous connector including an outer tube, the outer tube defining an exterior surface and having a proximal portion and a distal portion opposite the proximal portion, the proximal portion being couplable to the implantable blood pump disposed within a body of a patient and the distal portion being couplable to a controller outside of the body of the patient and at least one electronic instrument coupled to the outer tube and fluidically sealed from the exterior surface.

Abstract: An example augmented reality (AR) system can include a frame, a lens attached to the frame, and a plurality of cameras attached to the frame. The cameras can be configured to record a real-time image. Optionally, the real-time image can include a portion of a subject's body and/or one or more surgical instruments. Additionally, the AR system can include a plurality of inertial measurement units, where a respective inertial measurement unit is attached to each respective camera. Optionally, the AR system can be configured to display image data (e.g., medical image data) registered and superimposed on the real-time image as seen by the user of the AR system.

Abstract: A multi-camera endoscope includes a the tip section comprising: a front looking camera and a front discrete illuminator to essentially illuminate the field of view of said front looking camera; a right side looking camera and a right discrete illuminator to essentially illuminate the field of view of said right side looking camera; a left side looking camera and a left discrete illuminator to essentially illuminate the field of view of said left side looking camera; and a multi-component cover configured to cover and seal said tip section such as to essentially prevent entry of fluids from the environment of said endoscope to inner parts of said tip section. The tip cover includes removable or repositionable window components which provide access to internal components of the tip for repair or removal, without removing the main tip cover.

Abstract: A capsule medical device guidance system includes: a capsule medical device including a permanent magnet and configured to be introduced into a subject; a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field to be applied to the capsule medical device; an operation input device configured to input operation information; and a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to: control the magnetic field generator, based on the operation information input from the operation input device, to change the magnetic field to change at least one of the position and the posture of the capsule medical device; obtain control information for the magnetic field generator in a state where forces acting on the capsule medical device are balanced before starting or when starting operation on the operation input device; and control the magnetic field generator by using the control information after the operation is finished.

Abstract: The invention pertains to advances in real-time methods in nuclear magnetic resonance by offering: a new real-time processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum acquisition without external resonator(s), which remains stable despite magnetic field fluctuations, a new processing method for nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum acquisition, which remains stable despite magnetic field fluctuations and resonator stability, a new method of constructing predetermined magnets from appropriate magnetic material that allows for focusing the magnetic field in a target region, a new dual frequency dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) generator that polarizes the spin of electrons and acts as an NMR transmitter.

Abstract: In a medical examination sight maintaining videoscope of the present invention, in a state where an examination attachment is attached, it becomes possible to position a scope tip-end section and an object to be examined in a positional relationship in which the scope tip-end section and the object to be examined are straightly aligned with a line of sight of the user. At this time, a monitor is situated at such a position that the user can look straight at the monitor and the line of sight of the user is avoided.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes a flexible substrate, the flexible substrate includes a plurality of functional regions segmented by bending portions, one of the functional regions is an image pickup device mounting region, one of the functional regions is at least two electronic component mounting regions folded at the bending portions, and one of the functional regions is at least one wiring region provided between the adjacent mounting regions of the flexible substrate, the image pickup device mounting region has a largest surface shape among the plurality of functional regions, and the plurality of functional regions decrease in length of each of at least paired opposing sides of each surface shape, in a stepwise manner as a distance from the image pickup device mounting region increases.

Abstract: A method for high-resolution imaging includes: (i) forming, via a first lens, a first image at a first bundle-end of a fiber imaging bundle that has a second bundle-end opposite the first bundle-end and (ii) forming, via a second lens, an image of the second bundle-end onto an image sensor. The method also includes (iii) vibrating the first bundle-end relative to the first lens to dither the first image, and (iv) synchronously vibrating, relative to the vibrating first bundle-end, the second bundle-end relative to the second lens.