Abstract: A method and system for measuring a physiological parameter, comprising collecting a first absorbance at a first wavelength, chosen to be primarily absorbed by water; collecting a second absorbance at a second wavelength, chosen to be primarily absorbed by hemoglobin; and combining the first signal and the second signal to generate a combined plethysmograph signal which is proportionate lower in noise caused by motion-related interference.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring an oxygen saturation in blood, a plurality of light emitters irradiate a living tissue with a plurality of light beams having different wavelengths. A light receiver receives the light beams reflected from or transmitted through the living tissue to generate pulse wave signals in accordance with pulsations of the blood in the living tissue. A separator separates each of the pulse wave signals into a plurality of amplitude signals each of which is associated with one frequency, thereby generating pairs of amplitude signals each of which is associated with one of a plurality of frequencies. A first processor calculates a ratio between the amplitude signals in each of the pairs of the amplitude signals. A selector selects one of the pairs of the amplitude signals. A second processor calculates the oxygen saturation from the ratio of the selected pair of the amplitude signals.

Abstract: A method and system for optical measuring one or more vital signs of a human is described. The method includes generating an optical Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal modulated in accordance with a predetermined Pulse Width Modulation scheme. The PWM scheme includes one or more Pulse Width Modulations having different modulation frequencies. The method also includes applying the PWM optical signal to a measurement location in a blood perfused body tissue of the human and receiving light originated back from the measurement location. A photo current signal of a time response of the blood perfused body tissue to the PWM optical signal is indicative of the vital signs. The method includes generating a voltage signal from the photo current signal and processing the voltage signal for determining the vital signs.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter includes a housing defined by at least a first housing portion and a second housing portion wherein the second portion includes a passage. A sensor module disposed in the housing and proximate the passage includes at least one light emitting diode and at least one photodetector. A processing module also disposed in the housing and configured to communicate with the sensor module includes at least a processor, a network interface, and a power supply. The pulse oximeter further includes a pad having at least a bottom surface and a pad passage, as well as an adhesive configured to be disposed on at least a portion of the bottom surface of the pad. The housing is configured to releasably engage the pad wherein the housing passage and the pad passage are substantially aligned with one another.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for monitoring personal health of the user. The method includes detecting a plurality of physiological parameters. The plurality of physiological parameters are collected and analyzed. Afterwards, the plurality of analyzed physiological parameters are transferred at pre defined time interval to at least one computing device for monitoring the personal health of the user.

Abstract: An implantable medical device for monitoring tissue perfusion that includes a light source emitting light having a light wavelength corresponding to a blue to ultraviolet light spectrum and a light detector receiving light emitted by the light source and scattered by a volume of body tissue. The light detector emits a signal correlated to the received light wavelength, and a processor receives the signal from the light detector and determines a patient condition in response to the signal.

Abstract: A method of detecting gas bubbles in a living body, comprising transmitting at least one original electromagnetic signal to a body portion; detecting a signal modulated by a flow of blood in said body portion; and analyzing a perturbation in said signal to determine at least one of an existence and a property of a bubble in said blood flow.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a pulse oximeter configured to classify patient data is disclosed. The method includes collecting a set of sample data and classifying the sample data as either pathological or normal using human expertise. The method also includes generating statistics representative of the saturation traces. A linear discriminator is composed having a non-linear transform that accepts the statistics as input and a pulse oximeter is programmed to compute the linear discriminator using a kernel function.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrical connector for providing signal isolation between various components of a physiological monitoring system. In an embodiment, the electrical connector is placed between a sensor and associated monitoring system and includes a physical barrier and inductive components.

Abstract: A method and system are presented for use in determining one or more parameters of a subject. A region of interest of the subject is irradiated with acoustic tagging radiation, which comprises at least one acoustic tagging beam. At least a portion of the region of interest is irradiated with at least one electromagnetic beam of a predetermined frequency range. Electromagnetic radiation response of the at least portion of the region of interest is detected and measured data indicative thereof is generated. The detected response comprises electromagnetic radiation tagged by the acoustic radiation. This enables processing of the measured data indicative of the detected electromagnetic radiation response to determine at least one parameter of the subject in a region corresponding to the locations in the medium at which the electromagnetic radiation has been tagged by the acoustic radiation, and outputting data indicative of the at least one determined parameter.

Abstract: The present invention involves method and apparatus for analyzing measured signals that are modeled as containing primary and secondary portions. Coefficients relate the two signals according to a model defined in accordance with the present invention. In one embodiment, the present invention involves utilizing a transformation which evaluates a plurality of possible signal coefficients in order to find appropriate coefficients. Alternatively, the present invention involves using statistical functions or Fourier transform and windowing techniques to determine the coefficients relating to two measured signals. Use of this invention is described in particular detail with respect to blood oximetry measurements.

Abstract: First to third lights are applied to a body cavity from a light source. The first and second lights have different wavelength ranges. Each of the first and second lights varies in absorbance in accordance with oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. The third light is a reference light used for comparison with the first and second lights. A monitoring section monitors a first light quantity ratio between the first and third lights and a second light quantity ratio between the second and third lights. A controller controls the light source such that first and second light quantity ratios reach their respective standard values. First to third data are obtained from images captured with illumination of the three lights, respectively. Vessel depth information and oxygen saturation information are obtained simultaneously from a first brightness ratio between the first and third data and a second brightness ratio between the second and third data.

Abstract: Method and pulse oximeter system for determining blood characteristics of a subject are disclosed. A pulse oximeter sensor for collecting plethysmographic data is also disclosed. In order to reduce the power consumption, time instants of systolic rises are estimated in at least one plethysmographic waveform of a subject and light emitting elements of a sensor are controlled according to the estimated time instants, thereby to collect signal samples from a plurality of plethysmographic waveforms of the subject during the systolic rises. A desired blood parameter, typically oxygen saturation, is then defined based on the signal samples collected during the systolic rises.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting untoward clinical states (e.g., hypoperfusion) and classifying patient state based on at least one calculated physiological parameter are provided. The patient state classification may be used by a physician to determine patient condition and relative risk to guide decision making during a procedure.

Abstract: A pulse wave analyzing device is provided with a performance part for performing analyzing of a pulse wave of a living body; and a mounting member for substantially integrally mounting constituent elements of the performance part. The performance part includes: a sensor section for measuring parameters relating to the pulse wave of the living body; an A/D converter for converting a measurement signal outputted from the sensor section into a digital signal; an analysis processing section for performing a predetermined data analysis with respect to measurement data outputted from the A/D converter; and a display section for displaying predetermined information relating to the measurement. The analysis processing section has a first analysis processor for performing a pulse wave analysis at least for a first case, and a second analysis processor for performing a pulse wave analysis for a second case different from the first case based on the measurement data relating to the pulse wave.

Abstract: A method including placing a portion of a foot of a newborn in a device, the device including a light emitter and a corresponding receiver coupled on opposite sides of the device, the device further including a processor for processing data from the light emitter and receiver; and determining a presence of congenital heart disease. An apparatus including a body including a chamber of a size to accommodate a portion of a newborn's foot; at least one light emitter and a corresponding detector coupled on opposite sides of the body, the emitter configured to emit light of a prescribed wavelength into the chamber; and a processor coupled to the body and configured to receive a signal from the at least one detector.

Abstract: A sensor for pulse oximetry or other applications utilizing spectrophotometry may be adapted to reduce motion artifacts by fixing the optical distance between an emitter and detector. A flexible sensor is provided with a stiffening member to hold the emitter and detector of the sensor in a relatively fixed position when applied to a patient. Further, an annular or partially annular sensor is adapted to hold an emitter and detector of the sensor in a relatively fixed position when applied to a patient. A clip-style sensor is provided with a spacer that controls the distance between the emitter and detector.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are provided for suppressing cross-talk noise due to capacitive and/or inductive coupling in a medical sensor signal. For example, an embodiment of a patient monitor may include driving circuitry, an amplifier, and transient current discharge circuitry. When the driving circuitry drives an emitter to emit light into a patient, a detector may detect a portion of the light that passes through the patient, generating a detector signal. Cross-talk between the emitter driving signals and the detector signal may generate interference in the form of a transient current in the detector signal. Before the amplifier receives the detector signal, transient current discharge circuitry may discharge the transient current.

Abstract: A non-invasive probe for measuring body components, and a non-invasive body component measurement system including the non-invasive probe is provided. The non-invasive probe includes an input light transferring unit for transferring an input light emitted from a light source; a light splitting unit for splitting the input light into a plurality of living body incident lights; a light condensing unit for condensing the plurality of living body incident lights, so that the plurality of living body incident lights can be irradiated onto a plurality of measuring points, each measuring point corresponding to one of the plurality of living body incident lights; and an output light transferring unit for transferring a plurality of output lights, which each correspond to the one of the plurality of measuring points and, which are obtained by irradiating the plurality of living body incident lights, to a spectrometer that classifies the output lights by wavelength.

Abstract: A probabilistic digital signal processor using data from multiple instruments is described. Initial probability distribution functions are input to a dynamic state-space model, which operates on state and/or model probability distribution functions to generate a prior probability distribution function, which is input to a probabilistic updater. The probabilistic updater integrates sensor data from multiple instruments with the prior to generate a posterior probability distribution function passed (1) to a probabilistic sampler, which estimates one or more parameters using the posterior, which is output or re-sampled in an iterative algorithm or (2) iteratively to the dynamic state-space model. For example, the probabilistic processor operates on fused data using a physical model, where the data originates from a mechanical system or a medical meter or instrument, such as an electrocardiogram or pulse oximeter to generate new parameter information and/or enhanced parameter information.

Abstract: A method of evaluating patients suspected of suffering from an acute stroke, the method comprising: a) obtaining signals of impedance plethysmography (IPG), photoplethysmography (PPG) or both, in the patient; b) processing the one or more signals to obtain one or more measures of cerebral hemodynamics of the patient; and c) applying a rule to match said measures to a disease indication or choice of therapy or both, for the patient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pulse oximeter of the portable type, which is possible to carry around and to use widely regardless of the adult, the infant, the newborn baby, and which can keep the finger still for performing the precise measurement. The pulse oximeter 100 comprises a measurement cavity 110 for accepting the examined portion (for example finger) of the subject, a measurement device 120 including a light emitting part 121 and a photo detecting part 122 facing between the measurement cavity 110, a filling element 140 formed from a material that the light used for the measurement can penetrate. The height and the curvature of the inner surface of the filling element 140 is larger than that of the outer surface of the filling element 140. The filling element 140 converts the height and the curvature of the inner space.

Abstract: A sensor may be placed on a patient to obtain physiological measurements. The application of the sensor on the patient may start a timer set to run for a given time interval. If the sensor is repositioned before the interval is expired, the timer is reset. If the time expires without the sensor being repositioned, a caregiver is prompted to reposition the sensor.

Abstract: Easy to use, cost-effective methods and devices for evaluating and treating stress and thereby disorders caused or exacerbated by stress are provided. More particularly methods and devices for identifying RSA waves during respiration which provide a subject with real-time RSA wave information are provided. These methods and devices also can be used to identify drop points in RSA waves. Such methods and devices provide subjects with the ability to maintain parasympathetic outflow and thereby prevent and/or reduce levels of stress.

Abstract: A device for measuring the capillary refill time and blood oxygenation includes light sources and a light detector. The device also includes an actuator for applying pressure to a selected portion of the body of the patient, such as the nail bed of a finger or toe of the patient, to cause the removal of blood from the nail bed when actuated. A timer commences a time interval with a deactuation of the actuator. The deactuation relieves the pressure applied by the actuator to the body portion of the patient and allows blood to return to the portion. The timing interval is terminated by a reduction in the amount of light received by the light detector as a result of the restoration of blood to the body portion. The time interval so determined comprises an indication of the capillary refill time of the patient.

Abstract: In a tracing mode of an electronic endoscope system, a target designating frame is displayed on a monitor to enable designating a tracing target in an endoscopic image captured from an interior of a body cavity illuminated with a broadband light. After the tracing target is designated, narrowband rays of different wavelength ranges from each other are sequentially projected into the body cavity, to acquire biological information on the designated tracing target from image signals obtained under these narrowband rays. On the basis of the biological information on the tracing target, an area corresponding to the tracing target is detected from endoscopic images newly captured after the designation of the tracing target.

Abstract: There is provided a sensor for pulse oximeter systems. The sensor comprises a first source of electromagnetic radiation configured to operate at a first wavelength, a second source of electromagnetic radiation configured to operate at a second wavelength, and a third source of electromagnetic radiation configured to operate at a third wavelength. The emission spectra of the first and third sources of electromagnetic radiation overlap at their half power level or greater and correspond to a center wavelength in the range of 650 to 670 nm.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of estimating a blood flow characteristic in a patient. Present embodiments include providing a first probability distribution for an actual value of a function of the blood flow characteristic based on a previous value of the function, providing a second probability distribution describing a probability that observations of the blood flow characteristic were made given that the blood flow characteristic took a certain value, and combining the first and second probability distributions to facilitate selection of a most likely value of the function for posting as the value of the estimated blood flow characteristic.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for autonomously building a predictive model of outcomes. A most-predictive set of signals Sk is identified out of a set of signals s1, s2, . . . , sD for each of one or more outcomes ok. A set of probabilistic predictive models ôk=Mk (Sk) is autonomously learned, where ôk is a prediction of outcome ok derived from the model Mk that uses as inputs values obtained from the set of signals Sk. The step of autonomously learning is repeated incrementally from data that contains examples of values of signals s1, s2, . . . , sD and corresponding outcomes o1, o2, . . . , oK. Various embodiments are also disclosed that apply predictive models to various physiological events and to autonomous robotic navigation.

Abstract: This invention is an improvement to medical devices used for home and remote monitoring. The improvements include a coated fabric electrode used for arm and wristbands and for pulse oximeter clips. The electrode is comprised of the hook portion of hook and loop material that is coated with material made from a noble metal such as silver.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to display features that facilitate observation of monitored physiological data. According to certain embodiments, a monitoring system may include a monitor capable of receiving data related to the physiological parameters and storing data related to the parameters. The monitor may include a microprocessor capable of determining a respiration rate baseline from the data and establishing an alarm sensitivity for respiration rate based on the respiration rate baseline. The alarm sensitivity may comprise a first tier, a second tier, and a third tier. Each tier may correspond to a specific respiratory rate range and the alarm sensitivity may be selected based on which specific respiratory rate range encompasses the respiration rate baseline. Further, in certain embodiments a blood pressure baseline may be determined and an alarm sensitivity established based on the blood pressure baseline.

Abstract: A signal processing technique for estimating the frequency of a pulsatile signal (including but not limited to pulse oximetry signals) is disclosed. Each of the functions contained within a pre-selected set of functions is compared to the input signal at many different time-shifts, and the function/time-shift combination that best matches the input signal is selected. The frequency of the best-matching function is then used as the best estimate of the frequency of the input signal. Optionally, once a function has been selected, the rising portion of the selected function can be correlated in time to the rising portion of the input signal. Improved results can then be obtained by basing the oxygen saturation level calculations on samples taken from the rising portion of the input signal.

Abstract: According to some embodiments of the present invention, a display is used to show an indication of the signal's quality. This indication of the signal's quality may be provided in a number of ways, including one or more audio and/or visual alarms.

Abstract: A medical device system for sensing cardiac events that includes a plurality of electrodes sensing cardiac signals utilized to identify a cardiac event, a plurality of light sources capable of emitting light at a plurality of wavelengths, and a detector to detect the emitted light. A processor determines a plurality of light measurements in response to the emitted light detected by the detector, determines changes in perfusion in response to first changes in the plurality of light measurements in a direction indicative of a decrease in blood oxygenation and second changes in a direction indicative of a decrease in blood volume, and adjusts delivery of therapy by the device in response to the determined loss of perfusion.

Abstract: An electronic endoscope system includes a light source device, an electronic endoscope for sequentially illuminating a subject tissue containing a blood vessel inside a body cavity with the light, and sequentially outputting image data of wavelength bands of the subject tissue corresponding to the different wavelength bands of received reflected light, a calculator for calculating a blood vessel characteristics amount in a subject tissue from the image data, a calculator for calculating an oxygen saturation level in the blood vessel from the image data, an image producer for producing a reference image of the subject tissue from the image data, an extractor for extracting a region of interest from the reference image, a producer for producing an enhanced image, and a display for displaying the enhanced image.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a medical monitoring device includes a monitor component and a base component. The base component has one or more connectors on a facing of the base component. The monitor component is capable of rotating with respect to the base component. In various embodiments, the monitor component may be above the base component.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a medical device monitor includes a touchscreen and a film disposed on an external surface of the touchscreen. The film resists formation of visible fingerprints and resists growth of microorganisms. In various embodiments, one layer or more than one layer of the film may be disposed on the touchscreen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining at least one evaluation parameter of a blood sample, comprising the following steps: providing (S4) at least one blood gas parameter; providing (S5) at least one hemostasis parameter; and determining (S6 . . . 310?) the at least one evaluation parameter as a function of the blood gas parameter and/or the hemostasis parameter.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to non-invasively measure fetal blood oxygen saturation levels. Optical sensors capable of producing and detecting multiple wavelengths of tissue penetrating light are placed on the surface of the maternal abdomen, and the light beams directed to pass through at least a portion of the uterus containing the fetus. The fetal heart rate is monitored by Doppler ultrasound, and pure maternal optical signal related to maternal arterial blood flow are also measured. The optical sensors collect composite signals containing both maternal and fetal hemoglobin absorption spectral data and modulated by their respective pulsatile blood flows. The composite signals processed in the time domain and frequency domain, the pure maternal pulsatile optical signal used to extract the maternal contribution to the composite signal, and the fetal pulsatile signal is used to lock onto and extract the fetal contribution to the composite signal, and a fetal blood oxygen level deduced.

Abstract: A system and method for providing visual feedback to a user of an exercise machine for gauging fitness progress of the user. The system provides a user of an exercise machine with a virtual competition in which the user competes against virtual competitors based on his past performances or those of other users, either as an individual or as a member of a team. The team may also be part of a league. For an individual competing against his own past performance(s), the system may raise the level of performance required to win the virtual competition, and may also lower the level of performance required if the user is not performing well on a particular day. For an individual competing against others in either real-time or against designated results, either as part of a team or a league, the system may reduce the isolation, disconnection, and tedium often experienced by users of cardiovascular exercise equipment and provide a social outlet.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter which determines multiple heart rates, and selects between them based on the metrics of only one of the heart rate calculations. A primary heart rate calculation method is selected, and is used unless its metrics indicate questionable accuracy, in which case an alternative rate calculation is available and is used instead.

Abstract: A signal processing technique for estimating the frequency of a pulsatile signal (including but not limited to pulse oximetry signals) is disclosed. Each of the functions contained within a pre-selected set of functions is compared to the input signal at many different time-shifts, and the function/time-shift combination that best matches the input signal is selected. The frequency of the best-matching function is then used as the best estimate of the frequency of the input signal. Optionally, once a function has been selected, the rising portion of the selected function can be correlated in time to the rising portion of the input signal. Improved results can then be obtained by basing the oxygen saturation level calculations on samples taken from the rising portion of the input signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a pulse oximeter attachment having an accessible memory. In one embodiment, the pulse oximeter attachment stores calibration data, such as, for example, calibration data associated with a type of a sensor, a calibration curve, or the like. The calibration data is used to calculate physiological parameters of pulsing blood.

Abstract: An oximeter system includes a blood oxygen saturation detector for detecting blood oxygen saturation information of a subject, a body motion detector for detecting body motion information of the subject, a controller for causing the blood oxygen saturation detector to acquire the blood oxygen saturation information, and causing the body motion detector to acquire the body motion information at a predetermined sampling frequency concurrently and respectively sequentially, and a display unit for displaying data concerning the acquired blood oxygen saturation information and data concerning the acquired body motion information along a common time axis.

Abstract: A method of operating a non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitor having a blood pressure cuff. During operation of the NIBP monitor, the blood pressure cuff is initially inflated at a rapid inflation rate. Once the blood pressure cuff reaches a first pressure, the inflation rate of the blood pressure cuff is reduced from the rapid inflation rate to a measurement inflation rate. The blood pressure cuff continues to inflate at the measurement inflation rate while the NIBP monitor receives signals from the patient. Based upon the signals received from the patient, the controller of the NIBP monitor calculates an initial inflation pressure. The blood pressure cuff is inflated to the calculated initial inflation pressure and inflation is terminated. In this manner, signals received from the patient during inflation are used to calculate the initial inflation pressure to reduce the amount of time required to make a blood pressure measurement.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for analyzing pulse data. In one embodiment, the method comprises receiving a signal containing data representing a plurality of pulses, the signal generated in response to detecting light scattered from blood perfused tissue. Further, one embodiment includes performing a pulse identification or qualification algorithm on at least a portion of the data, the pulse identification or qualification algorithm comprising at least one constant, and modifying the at least one constant based on results obtained from performing the pulse identification or qualification algorithm, wherein the results indicate that a designated number of rejected pulses has been reached.

Abstract: A system and method for identifying volume status of a patient are disclosed. A pulse density signal is recorded from the patient. The pulse density signal is filtered to capture a respiration sampling period and a plurality of cardiac cycles occurring during the respiration sampling period. Mean pulse pressure and peak blood flow velocity for the respiration sampling period are calculated and are used as indices of volume status of the patient.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for measuring a pulse frequency in a bio-signal measurement device. A bio-signal collected by a sensor is applied as an input signal of a notch filter. A filter coefficient of the notch filter is adaptively changed according to a result of tracking the bio-signal in the notch filter and calculating a pulse frequency corresponding to the filter coefficient of the notch filter.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for measuring a pulse frequency in a bio-signal measurement device. A bio-signal collected by a sensor is applied as an input signal of a notch filter. A filter coefficient of the notch filter is adaptively changed according to a result of tracking the bio-signal in the notch filter and calculating a pulse frequency corresponding to the filter coefficient of the notch filter.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are presented for monitoring a plurality of vital statistics, sending the statistics over a communications network, and generating real-time feedback for the user. A device includes a microcontroller, a transceiver, a plurality of logic units, a plurality of transducers, and a plurality of sensors. The sensors measure a plurality of vital statistics for a user. Alerts are communicated to the user via a speaker. Audio signals are detected via a microphone and processed by the logic. The transceiver enables wireless communication, directly or across a network. The transceiver further communicates with a wireless communication device. The plurality of health sensors includes a thermometer, a pulse oximeter, and a blood glucose meter.