Abstract: An intrauterine balloon apparatus to augment uterine birthing forces and assist fetal descent during parturition is provided. The body of the balloon apparatus begins packaged in a compressed state minimizing volume, enabling delivery through the birth canal. The apparatus is advanced to a proximal uterine location and deployed for operation by introducing a pressurized agent through its conduit, causing the body to expand and apply directional forces towards the infant and birth canal. The balloon body is shaped to apply pressures dispersed towards the infant and the bidirectional conduit enables fluid conduction as the infant descends. After the infant has successfully descended and been delivered through the birth canal, pressure within the balloon body is relieved through the conduit thereby collapsing the volume of the balloon body and enabling retraction through the birth canal.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods for managing surgical instruments throughout their lifecycle include disabling a usage based device lockout and providing notifications for devices nearing a usage based lockout. A device adaptor connected inline between a surgical instrument and a power source can be configured to alter a device EEPROM to allow for additional device usage despite a usage based lockout. Notifications and user prompts may be displayed requiring a user to acknowledge that a usage based device lockout has occurred in order to avoid an attempt to use an expired device in a future procedure.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to encryption systems and methods for medical devices. A medical device can include a connectivity module for establishing a communication channel with a cloud system. After obtaining a test result, the device can generate an unencrypted data block comprising a device identifier and an encrypted data block comprising a serial number of the device and the test result using an encryption key associated with the device identifier. The device can securely send the test result to the cloud system by transmitting the unencrypted data block and the encrypted data block to the cloud system via the communication channel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a non-invasive system for determining the maturation of a baby, which comprises a module for sampling a cardiac or electroencephalographic signal from a baby and advantageously performs a conversion of a plurality of temporal samples derived from the cardiac signal or from the electroencephalic signal into a visibility graph, then a determination of at least one index on the basis of this visibility graph, a comparison of at least one determined index with one or more statistical indices representative of the maturation of a plurality of babies and a visual representation of a distance between at least one determined index and the statistical indices.

Abstract: A bio-signal measuring apparatus may include: a finger contact surface configured to be in contact with a finger of a user; an optical sensor configured to be disposed underneath the finger contact surface and sense a light when the light is reflected from the user, and a textured area formed on the finger contact surface at a boundary of the optical sensor, and configured to provide a texture different from a texture of a remaining area of the finger contact surface other than the textured area, so as to allow the user to feel a tactile sensation from the textured area when the finger is in contact with the finger contact surface.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for tracking surgical procedure costs are disclosed. A computer system, such as surgical hub, is configured to be communicably coupled to a plurality of surgical devices. The computer system can be programmed to identify the surgical devices that are being utilized during a surgical procedure via perioperative data received from the surgical devices and then calculate the total cost associated with the surgical devices used in the surgical procedure. The total cost can include an aggregation of the maintenance costs of each of the reusable surgical devices and the replacement costs of the nonreusable surgical devices consumed during the surgical procedure.

Abstract: Computer code embedded in an electronic component (e.g., a processor, a sensor, etc.) of a medical device, such as a dialysis machine, can be authenticated by comparing a metadata signature derived from the computer code of the electronic component to a key derived from a pre-authenticated code associated with the electronic component. The metadata signature can be derived by running an error-check/error-correct algorithm (e.g., SHA256) on the computer code of the electronic component. A use of the metadata signature enables detection of any unauthorized changes to the computer code as compared to the pre-authenticated code.

Abstract: The system determines a fetal blood oxygenation level by activating two or more light sources, having different wavelengths, which are positioned on the maternal abdomen of a pregnant mammal to direct light into a maternal abdomen toward a fetus. The system then receives a maternal signal from a first photodetector, which is positioned on the maternal abdomen to receive reflected light that traverses maternal tissue. The system also receives a mixed signal from a second photodetector, which is positioned on the maternal abdomen to receive reflected light that traverses both maternal and fetal tissue. The system performs a filtering operation that removes maternal signal components from the mixed signal to produce a fetal signal. The system determines the fetal blood oxygenation level by performing a pulse-oximetry computation on the fetal signal. The system dynamically adjusts operational parameters in the face of changing variables, such as fetus position and depth.

Abstract: A trans-abdominal non-invasive fetal blood oxygen saturation detection device comprises a trans-abdominal fetal oximeter and a signal detection assembly connected to the trans-abdominal fetal oximeter. The trans-abdominal oximeter comprises a signal processing controller. The signal detection assembly comprises a light-emitting light source device and a light receiving device, wherein the light-emitting light source device, the light receiving device and a reference signal detection device are all connected to the signal processing controller. The light-emitting light source device irradiates two or more different wavelengths of light into the abdominal cavity of a pregnant woman.

Abstract: A portable pulse measuring device having a lighting configuration having at least three elements selected from a light-emitting source for emitting radiant energy through a human body tissue and a light detector for detecting the intensity of said radiant energy after propagation through the human body tissue and for providing input signals representative of the propagation. The lighting configuration includes at least one light-emitting source and at least one light detector. A processor is provided for determining pulse rate in response to processing the input signals. The elements in the lighting configuration are arranged in the portable pulse measuring device in a configuration where the light-emitting sources in the lighting configuration are asymmetrically disposed in relation to the light detectors in the lighting configuration.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for mounting optical sensors in a physiological monitoring device worn by a user to sense, measure, communicate, and/or display physiological information. The monitoring devices may be embodied as, for example, a fitness band, a bracelet, a watch, or some other wearable device such as an activity tracker, a health, wellness, or sleep monitor, or an athletic training device. The device may comprise one or more light sources and optical detectors. Optical lenses may be mounted in a face of the device for partially receiving or containing the light sources and optical detectors. The devices and methods described herein may optically isolate the light source(s) from the optical detector(s) to ensure the accurate and reliable detection and measurement of physiological information.

Abstract: A physiological sensor has light emitting sources, each activated by addressing at least one row and at least one column of an electrical grid. The light emitting sources are capable of transmitting light of multiple wavelengths and a detector is responsive to the transmitted light after attenuation by body tissue.

Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to medical monitoring of physiologic parameters, and particularly, but not exclusively, relating to compositions, methods and systems for the measurement of venous and arterial oxygen saturation in the blood of blood-filled anatomical structures.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to non-invasively measure fetal blood oxygen saturation levels. Optical sensors capable of producing and detecting multiple wavelengths of tissue penetrating light are placed on the surface of the maternal abdomen, and the light beams directed to pass through at least a portion of the uterus containing the fetus. The fetal heart rate is monitored by Doppler ultrasound, and pure maternal optical signal related to maternal arterial blood flow are also measured. The optical sensors collect composite signals containing both maternal and fetal hemoglobin absorption spectral data and modulated by their respective pulsatile blood flows. The composite signals processed in the time domain and frequency domain, the pure maternal pulsatile optical signal used to extract the maternal contribution to the composite signal, and the fetal pulsatile signal is used to lock onto and extract the fetal contribution to the composite signal, and a fetal blood oxygen level deduced.

Abstract: A photoplethysmographic sensor designed for use on the presenting portion of a fetus during labor and delivery. The sensor has a non-deployed state in which the sensor presents a smaller footprint, or cross sectional area, for transvaginal insertion. Once the sensor is applied to the fetal tissue it is moved into the deployed state, which has a larger footprint or cross sectional area, than the sensor does in the non-deployed state. The deployed state optimizes the physical distance between the light emitter and the photodetector to maximize the photoplethysmographic measurement accuracy from the fetal tissue.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to non-invasively measure fetal blood oxygen saturation levels. Optical sensors capable of producing and detecting multiple wavelengths of tissue penetrating light are placed on the surface of the maternal abdomen, and the light beams directed to pass through at least a portion of the uterus containing the fetus. The fetal heart rate is monitored by Doppler ultrasound, and pure maternal optical signal related to maternal arterial blood flow are also measured. The optical sensors collect composite signals containing both maternal and fetal hemoglobin absorption spectral data and modulated by their respective pulsatile blood flows. The composite signals processed in the time domain and frequency domain, the pure maternal pulsatile optical signal used to extract the maternal contribution to the composite signal, and the fetal pulsatile signal is used to lock onto and extract the fetal contribution to the composite signal, and a fetal blood oxygen level deduced.

Abstract: A method for non-invasively measuring the oxygen saturation of an in utero fetus's blood using near-infrared spectroscopy. Exemplary methods include placement of a sensor on the outside of the uterus approximate the placenta. Other exemplary methods include inserting a probe into the uterus. Sensors may be positioned approximate a particular portion of the fetus, such as the brain or kidney, to measure the oxygen saturation within the particular portion of the fetus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods, systems and devices to monitor vascular volume status during renal replacement therapy utilizing at least one oximetry/photoplethysmography sensor. The methods, systems and devices provide an alternative to conventional vascular volume monitoring methods during renal replacement therapy while enabling reliable, non-invasive, and automatic monitoring of vascular volume to avert patient hypotension. The methods, systems and devices may be employed in the context of both inpatient and outpatient dialysis facilities and may also be incorporated into conventional hemodialysis and hemofiltration techniques and equipment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for non-invasively monitoring at least one characteristic of a region of interest in a body. The body is illuminated by pulsed light to induce a photoacoustic effect. Acoustic radiation is detected, and measured data indicative thereof is generated. The photoacoustic effect is controlled by carrying out at least one of the following: providing the pulsed light of at least two different wavelength, analyzing the measured data to determine time variations of at least one predetermined parameter of a time dependent acoustic signal for each of wavelength, and determining oxygen saturation level in the region of interest; and operating a plurality of acoustic elements configured for detection of the acoustic radiation, to thereby define a focal volume for acoustic radiation detection to match dimensions of the region of interest.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing of a three-dimensional image data set, wherein the three-dimensional image data set is converted to a data set suitable for a two-dimensional image reproduction. The invention further relates to apparatuses for performing the required calculations and/or for reproduction of the data representations. The invention is particularly appropriate for medical applications of endoscopy, in particular, coloscopy.

Abstract: An optical measuring device having multiple optical paths between one or more light emitters and one or more light detectors and/or providing at least two sets of wavelength of light along at least one path, with a final measurement being produced as a combination of measurements of the sets of wavelengths of light taken along one or more of the optical paths.

Abstract: A medical device configured to be temporarily secured at a tissue field, such as a fetal skull, via a spiral probe. The spiral probe functions to both secure the sensor in place and provide an electrode for ECG purposes. The spiral probe is non-uniform and includes one or more of a stop element, a cross bar element and a collapsed portion adapted to engage tissue after a predetermined rotation of the probe into the tissue field. The probe diameter can expand with an increase in torque applied to a drive rod, leading to disengagement of the drive rod from the probe. The spiral probe and drive rod may define a detent mechanism whereby upon reaching a predetermined torque the drive rod is disengaged from the probe and freely rotates without further entry of the spiral probe into the tissue field.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter sensor with a light source optimized for low oxygen saturation ranges and for maximizing the immunity to perturbation induced artifact. Preferably, a red and an infrared light source are used, with the red light source having a mean wavelength between 700-790 nm. The infrared light source can have a mean wavelength as in prior art devices used on patients with high saturation. The sensor of the present invention is further optimized by arranging the spacing between the light emitter and light detectors to minimize the sensitivity to perturbation induced artifact. The present invention optimizes the chosen wavelengths to achieve a closer matching of the absorption and scattering coefficient products for the red and IR light sources. This optimization gives robust readings in the presence of perturbation artifacts including force variations, tissue variations and variations in the oxygen saturation itself.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter sensor with a light source optimized for low oxygen saturation ranges and for maximizing the immunity to perturbation induced artifact. Preferably, a red and an infrared light source are used, with the red light source having a mean wavelength between 700-790 nm. The infrared light source can have a mean wavelength as in prior art devices used on patients with high saturation. The sensor of the present invention is further optimized by arranging the spacing between the light emitter and light detectors to minimize the sensitivity to perturbation induced artifact. The present invention optimizes the chosen wavelengths to achieve a closer matching of the absorption and scattering coefficient products for the red and IR light sources. This optimization gives robust readings in the presence of perturbation artifacts including force variations, tissue variations and variations in the oxygen saturation itself.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a system and method for measuring blood oxygen saturation. Specifically, embodiments of the present invention include emitting light having a wavelength spectrum that is optimized for an oxygen saturation reading less than 80 percent, detecting the light, and transmitting signals based on the detected light, the signals being useful in determining blood oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter.

Abstract: A photoplethysmographic sensor designed for use on the presenting portion of a fetus during labor and delivery. The sensor has a non-deployed state in which the sensor presents a smaller footprint, or cross sectional area, for transvaginal insertion. Once the sensor is applied to the fetal tissue it is moved into the deployed state, which has a larger footprint or cross sectional area, than the sensor does in the non-deployed state. The deployed state optimizes the physical distance between the light emitter and the photodetector to maximize the photoplethysmographic measurement accuracy from the fetal tissue.

Abstract: A limited use medical probe is disclosed, including a memory for maintaining a use value. The medical probe is coupled to a medical device that inhibits its function when the use value reaches a predetermined threshold value, preventing improper use of the probe. The probe memory may also store identification, usage, and clinical data. A probe auto-identification function, a probe re-identification function and a probe functional test sequence are disclosed for the medical probe. After use, a reprocessing step may reset the probe memory, permitting further probe use.

Abstract: A fetal blood pulse oximetry method and apparatus using a first wavelength of light at about 655 to 705 nm and a second wavelength of light at about 820 to 900 nm. Measurements are taken through a mother's abdomen. Processing is performed to extract absorption information related to fetal arterial blood with calculation of fetal oxygen saturation from the extracted data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor device as part of a measurement appliance with a measurement device for the measurement of vital parameters of a foetus during labor and delivery, in particular the oxygen content of the blood of the foetus. Such sensor devices should be applied to the tissue of the foetus in a secure and light-tight manner, and furthermore at least the carrier or sensor should be able to be fitted to the foetus gently and easily. According to the invention, the sensor device comprises a shell-type carrier, which is subdivided into an approximately centrally arranged attachment zone and a surrounding zone, which can be brought into contact with the tissue of the foetus, and the attachment zone is provided with a spiral-type attachment element for attaching the carrier to the leading part of the foetus, and the rotational axis of the attachment element is arranged approximately perpendicular to the surface of the carrier to be fitted to the leading part of the foetus.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter sensor with a light source optimized for low oxygen saturation ranges and for maximizing the immunity to perturbation induced artifact. Preferably, a red and an infrared light source are used, with the red light source having a mean wavelength between 700-790 nm. The infrared light source can have a mean wavelength as in prior art devices used on patients with high saturation. The sensor of the present invention is further optimized by arranging the spacing between the light emitter and light detectors to minimize the sensitivity to perturbation induced artifact. The present invention optimizes the chosen wavelengths to achieve a closer matching of the absorption and scattering coefficient products for the red and IR light sources. This optimization gives robust readings in the presence of perturbation artifacts including force variations, tissue variations and variations in the oxygen saturation itself.

Abstract: A fetal blood pulse oximetry method and apparatus using a first wavelength of light at about 655 to 705 nm and a second wavelength of light at about 820 to 900 nm. Measurements are taken through a mother's abdomen. Processing is performed to extract absorption information related to fetal arterial blood with calculation of fetal oxygen saturation from the extracted data.

Abstract: During childbirth, trauma to the infant can readily arise, ultimately resulting in fetal hypoxia, academia, and brain damage. Such unfavorable conditions can be best ascertained by real-time monitoring of the fetus' blood-oxygen level, heart rate monitoring, EKG and EEG waveforms. This invention describes a system of monitoring devices to implement such goals and maximize the potential welfare of the fetus. It furthermore allows the formation of a reference database that can correlate intrapartum events from prior births. The embodiments utilize a small-diameter sensor inserted into the birth canal through a tubular insertion rod. Through wire, fiber optics, and or using a radio frequency link, fetal monitor data can be analyzed, compared to existing data base, and or transmitted via internet. This patent details various apparatuses that allow important life-sign parameters of a fetus to be continuously monitored.

Abstract: An improved pulse oximeter (sensor and monitor) uses a plurality of wavelengths selected to provide sensitivity to both oxygen saturation and deviations in tissue site characteristic(s) from conditions at calibration. The monitor detects and/or removes the effects of deviations on SpO2 calibration, of particular value in fetal/newborn monitoring.

Abstract: A diagnostic apparatus includes a near infrared spectrophotometer (NIRS) and an ultrasound transducer that operate in combination to improve diagnostic measurements. The diagnostic apparatus includes a near infrared spectrophotometer that measures an analyte, for example tissue oxygenation, in an optical sample volume and an ultrasound imager to accurately position the optical sample volume in biological tissue or vessels. In one example, the diagnostic apparatus includes an optical source, a linear array of ultrasound transducers, and an optical photodetector arranged in the same plane so that the ultrasound sample volume interrogated by the ultrasound transducers intersects the optical sample volume formed by the optical source and detector.

Abstract: An intrauterine pulse oximetry apparatus and method are provided to measure fetal blood oxygen saturation at sites in a preferred region on the fetus. The sensor of the apparatus is attached to a stiff cable which can be inserted into the uterus past the presenting part and transcervical region of the fetus. The cable may have visual and tactile markings by which the user, without seeing or feeling the sensor, can guide it to an appropriate site on the fetus.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter sensor with a light source optimized for low oxygen saturation ranges and for maximizing the immunity to perturbation induced artifact. Preferably, a red and an infrared light source are used, with the red light source having a mean wavelength between 700-790 nm. The infrared light source can have a mean wavelength as in prior art devices used on patients with high saturation. The sensor of the present invention is further optimized by arranging the spacing between the light emitter and light detectors to minimize the sensitivity to perturbation induced artifact. The present invention optimizes the chosen wavelengths to achieve a closer matching of the absorption and scattering coefficient products for the red and IR light sources. This optimization gives robust readings in the presence of perturbation artifacts including force variations, tissue variations and variations in the oxygen saturation itself.

Abstract: A fetal probe has an inflatable sac which wedges between the presenting fetal part and maternal tissues to hold a fetal sensor in position. The fetal probe is short enough to enable insertion with the amniotic membrane intact. A passage extends through the probe to facilitate intrauterine pressure measurements or amniotomy.

Abstract: An intrauterine pulse oximetry apparatus and method are provided to measure fetal blood oxygen saturation at sites in a preferred region on the fetus. The sensor of the apparatus is attached to a stiff cable which can be inserted into the uterus past the presenting part and transcervical region of the fetus. The cable may have visual and tactile markings by which the user, without seeing or feeling the sensor, can guide it to an appropriate site on the fetus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining oxygenation and hemoglobin parameters in tissue measures light scattering parameters of light directed through the tissue, using an array of VCSELs, for light directed at more than one frequency. This allows for the calculation of Hb, HbO2, and other parameters.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter sensor with a light source optimized for low oxygen saturation ranges and for maximizing the immunity to perturbation induced artifact. Preferably, a red and an infrared light source are used, with the red light source having a mean wavelength between 700-790 nm. The infrared light source can have a mean wavelength as in prior art devices used on patients with high saturation. The sensor of the present invention is further optimized by arranging the spacing between the light emitter and light detectors to minimize the sensitivity to perturbation induced artifact. The present invention optimizes the chosen wavelengths to achieve a closer matching of the absorption and scattering coefficient products for the red and IR light sources. This optimization gives robust readings in the presence of perturbation artifacts including force variations, tissue variations and variations in the oxygen saturation itself.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for monitoring fetal cerebral oxygenation during childbirth. The apparatus includes a tunable source of infrared photons, a probe to access a single location on the scalp of the fetus for injecting the infrared photons generated by the photon source, and for receiving scattered photons reflected from within the skull of the fetus. The apparatus at least has first and second detectors for detecting the presence of photons received through the probe at selected different delay intervals so as to be capable of distinguishing photons reflected from different depths or at different instances from within the head of the fetus.

Abstract: An intrauterine pulse oximetry apparatus and method are provided to measure fetal blood oxygen saturation at sites in a preferred region on the fetus. The sensor of the apparatus is attached to a stiff cable which can be inserted into the uterus past the presenting part and transcervical region of the fetus. The cable may have visual and tactile markings by which the user, without seeing or feeling the sensor, can guide it to an appropriate site on the fetus.

Abstract: A limited use medical probe is disclosed. The medical probe includes a memory storage component for maintaining a use value, representing either the number of uses and/or the duration of use of the medical probe. The medical probe is coupled to a medical monitoring device which prevents the performance of monitoring functions when the number of uses or the total duration of use reaches a predetermined threshold value, thereby preventing overuse of the probe.

Abstract: Device and method for measuring the absorption of radiation in a portion of tissue. For monitoring tissue and/or in order to permit medical indications, it is necessary to gather parameters allowing an assessement of the condition of the tissue, especially with regard to its oxygen supply. The disclosed invention provides a sensor carrier (1) at the loose end of which a sensor device (2) is mounted. This sensor device carries sensor areas (5, 6) which are connected to a measuring instrument (4). Light is emitted from a sensor area (5) and received by a sensor (6) after having transilluminated the tissue. The disclosed invention may be used for examining and controlling the tissue, for example, for perinatal measurement of arterial oxygen saturation of the fetus.

Abstract: A sensor provides pulse oximetry measurements from the presenting portion of a fetus. In particular, a spiral probe is designed to attach the sensor to the fetal scalp. In one sensor configuration, a light emitting region of the probe embedded in the scalp in conjunction with a light detector located at the scalp surface measures absorption from a larger volume of the scalp tissue than conventional fetal sensors. In another sensor configuration, light emitting and light collecting regions of the probe embedded in the scalp are angled with respect to the scalp surface to measure absorption from a larger volume and deeper layers of the scalp tissue than conventional fetal sensors. These sensors increase the likelihood of measuring blood volume changes occurring in larger arterioles versus smaller arterioles or capillaries, yielding a representative measurement of central arterial oxygen saturation. These sensors also reduce the calibration errors caused by a low blood fraction.

Abstract: A pulse oximeter sensor with a light source optimized for low oxygen saturation ranges and for maximizing the immunity to perturbation induced artifact. Preferably, a red and an infrared light source are used, with the red light source having a mean wavelength between 700-790 nm. The infrared light source can have a mean wavelength as in prior art devices used on patients with high saturation. The sensor of the present invention is further optimized by arranging the spacing between the light emitter and light detectors to minimize the sensitivity to perturbation induced artifact. The present invention optimizes the chosen wavelengths to achieve a closer matching of the absorption and scattering coefficient products for the red and IR light sources. This optimization gives robust readings in the presence of perturbation artifacts including force variations, tissue variations and variations in the oxygen saturation itself.

Abstract: The invention relates to an applicator for sensors to be used in medicine, which serves to screw in a sensor in the skin of a living organism, specially in a non-observable area, e.g. the head skin of a child in the womb. In this respect the torque while screwing the sensors into the tissue of the patient is limited to least to a maximum, while ensuring at the same time that the torque is kept to an indispensable minimum. The applicant (1) interacts with a torque limiter (5) and comprises a device that makes it possible to detect the threshold value of the torque limiter.

Abstract: A fetal sensor with a biasing mechanism for biasing the sensor against the fetus, with the biasing mechanism being automatically self-inflating and insertable in compressed form. The biasing mechanism in a preferred embodiment is a compressed foam or sponge which expands upon being exposed to fluid, such as amniotic fluid within the uterus. Thus, the biasing mechanism can be compressed to allow easy insertion, and then can expand once in place to provide the pressure needed to hold the sensor against the fetus.

Abstract: A fetal probe with an elongate body and fetal sensor for insertion above the presenting part of the fetus. An expandable means is on the distal end of the body of the sensor for urging the sensor into engagement with the fetus. The expandable means has a collapsed state to facilitate insertion into the cervix.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing fetal oxygen levels of a fetus in an uterus. The apparatus includes a tube, a balloon, and as optical sensor. The tube includes an inflation lumen. The inflation lumen has a distal end. The balloon is coupled to the distal end of the inflation lumen. The balloon includes a first membrane. The optical sensor unit is disposed on the first membrane.