Abstract: A physiological signal detection system and device capable of showing emotions and an emotional display method are provided. The system includes: a display unit; a storage unit, for storing a plurality of conditions of emotional index; a physiological signal detection unit, for acquiring at least one physiological signal; a physiological signal recognition unit, for recognizing and filtering the at least one physiological signal; an emotional index operation unit, for generating a value of emotional index according to the at least one physiological signal; and a processing unit, for comparing the conditions of emotional index according to the value of emotional index to generate a comparison result and displaying a display signal corresponding to the value of emotional index on the display unit according to the comparison result.

Abstract: A noninvasive photoplethysmographic sensor system for mobile animals such as small rodents, namely rats and mice is useful such as in a laboratory research environment. The noninvasive photoplethysmographic sensor for mobile animals such as small rodents utilizes multiple FFT's in the processing of the phtotoplethysmograophic signal, where each FFT has a different time record of the signals such as a number of points, or a zero padded FFTs. The noninvasive photoplethysmographic sensor for mobile animals provides actigraphy measurements for the animal.

Abstract: Present embodiments include providing an initial estimate of a value representative of a blood flow characteristic at a current timestep, and determining a probability distribution of transition, wherein the probability distribution of transition includes potential values of the blood flow characteristic at the current timestep with associated probabilities of occurrence based solely on the initial estimate. Present embodiments further include obtaining an initial measurement of the blood flow characteristic, and determining a probability distribution of measured values, wherein the probability distribution of measured values includes potential values of the blood flow characteristic at the current timestep with associated probabilities of occurrence based on the initial measurement.

Abstract: A system for detecting and measuring increased global or local intracranial pressure includes various devices for performing controlled occlusion of jugular cranial blood outflow and generating occlusion data related to said controlled occlusion, a cranial blood outflow pressure measurement device and a processor for processing jugular cranial blood outflow occlusion data and cranial blood outflow data to identify and/or measure a functional relationship between the jugular controlled occlusion and the jugular cranial blood outflow pressure. A device communicates the functional relationship a display device and/or a patient monitoring system. The processor also detects a state of equilibrium between the jugular cranial blood outflow pressure and the jugular occlusion pressure at occlusion.

Abstract: An improved system for measuring changes in blood flow, particularly in the context of an automatic arrhythmia treatment device. The system includes a heater, exposable to a bloodstream, a driver providing power to the heater, a temperature sensor, isolated from the blood stream and thermally coupled to the temperature of the heater and a measurement circuit coupled to the temperature sensor, providing signals indicative of blood flow. The system may include an intravascular lead having a lead body wherein the heater is mounted to the lead body so as to dissipate its generated heat into the blood. The heater and temperature sensor may be thermally insulated from the lead body and the heater and the temperature sensor may be on substantially a single isotherm during operation.

Abstract: A method of estimating cerebral blood flow includes obtaining a measure of time-varying blood volume in the head, using an impedance plethysmography (102 and 104), obtaining a measure of time-varying blood volume in the scalp, and using the time-varying blood volume in the head and scalp to estimate cerebral blood flow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a computing environment for a user which gives early warning of critical care patient instability. The method and apparatus use the entropy of monitored channels which are paired, each channel being paired once with each other channel. The entropies within each pair are compared to create an information exchange ratio. The information exchange ratios are integrated and a maximum of the integrated information exchange ratios is determined. Then, an alarm condition occurs at a user determined percentage of the maximum integrated information exchange ratio.

Abstract: A biological-information obtaining apparatus includes a light-emitting unit, an image sensor configured to capture images, in a time sequence, relating to a living body, and a lens. The apparatus also includes an extreme-occurrence-time obtaining unit configured to obtain times T1 and T2 at which extremes occur in time sequence with respect to brightness values of a first region and a second region, respectively, of each of the captured images. The apparatus further includes a pulse wave velocity (PWV) calculation unit configured to calculate a pulse wave velocity according to the equation, P=(Y×L/f)/(T2?T1), where Y represents a distance on the image sensor, the distance corresponding to a distance between the first region and the second region, f represents the focal length of the lens, and L represents a distance between the lens and the living body.

Abstract: The invention as disclosed is a non-contact method and apparatus for continuously monitoring a physiological event in a human or animal, such as blood pressure, which involves utilizing a laser-based interferometer system in combination with a laser tracking system and a signal processor to produce a waveform that is representative of a continuous physiological event such as blood pressure or respiration in a subject.

Abstract: The invention provides a system and method for using OCT to determine hydration and blood flow variation adjusted glucose measurement in a target of interest. For some target, including a target of a living human, the invention provides for the measurement of tissue components, for determination of hydration level and blood flow variations of target, for non-invasive determination of glucose in target, and for hydration-adjusted and blood flow compensated glucose measurement in target. In one embodiment, both the tissue components and glucose level are measured by OCT, and tables or indexes of hydration are used to determine hydration adjustment. In alternate embodiments, the hydration index may be partially or fully “individualized,” created from data collected from monitoring an individual or groups of individuals with pre-selected characteristics (ex. same gender, weight, age, ethnicity, diabetes stage, species, etc.).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide blood flow sensors that can be used for measurement of various physiological parameters under a wide array of conditions. In some embodiments, the blood flow sensor can be implanted into a blood vessel and left in place indefinitely and will unobtrusively measure and record data as the patient engages in regular daily activities. The data can later be read out by a clinician using a suitable interface. In other embodiments, the data is collected and analyzed within a data collection device implanted in or attached to the patient's body, and the collection device can report to the patient on an ongoing basis or in the form of alerts issued when conditions requiring medical intervention are detected.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention are related to an implantable monitoring device to monitor a patient's arterial blood pressure, where the device is configured to be implanted subcutaneously. The device includes subcutaneous (SubQ) electrodes and a plethysmography sensor. Additionally, the device includes an arterial blood pressure monitor configured to determine at least one value indicative of the patient's arterial blood pressure based on at least one detected predetermined feature of a SubQ ECG and at least one detected predetermined feature of a plethysmography signal. Alternative embodiments of the present invention are directed to a non-implantable monitoring device to monitor a patient's arterial blood pressure based on features of a surface ECG and a plethysmography signal obtained from a non-implanted sensor.

Abstract: Methods and systems relating to multi-exposure laser speckle contrast imaging are provided. One such system comprises a laser light source, a light modulator, and a detector for the measurement of reflected light comprising at least one camera, at least one magnification objective, and at least one microprocessor or data acquisition unit.

Abstract: Interventional procedures on the carotid arteries are performed through a transcervical access while retrograde blood flow is established from the internal carotid artery to a venous or external location. A system for use in accessing and treating a carotid artery includes an arterial access device, a shunt fluidly connected to the arterial access device, and a flow control assembly coupled to the shunt and adapted to regulate blood flow through the shunt between at least a first blood flow state and at least a second blood flow state. The flow control assembly includes one or more components that interact with the blood flow through the shunt.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system for planning treatment for a patient. The system may include at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of an anatomical structure of the patient, create a three-dimensional model representing at least a portion of the anatomical structure of the patient based on the patient-specific data, and determine a first fractional flow reserve within the anatomical structure of the patient based on the three-dimensional model and a physics-based model relating to the anatomical structure of the patient. The at least one computer system may be further configured to modify the three-dimensional model, and determine a second fractional flow reserve within the anatomical structure of the patient based on the modified three-dimensional model.

Abstract: A measuring member and a device to be used for determining the blood flow of the gastrointestinal tract, includes an intestinal probe, having its distal end provided with a flexible inflatable body and at least one pressure sensor mounted on this supporting body. After bringing the inflatable flexible body to predetermined pressure, the pressure sensor will abut the intestinal wall and the measured pressure development, which represents a measure for the blood flow of the gastrointestinal tract, is transformed into a graphical image with the help of the device and/or is transformed into actual values for the blood flow of the gastrointestinal tract. Further, the measuring member measures the development of the pressure within the inflatable flexible body, which represents a measure for the intestinal peristalsis.

Abstract: The present invention enables making uniform contact with the tragus using inner and outer cuffs, each of said inner and outer cuffs being comprised of a cuff member 40 connected to a duct 4 and a cuff bladder 22 having a body 27 which is fixed onto said cuff member in an air-tight manner and can expand and contract, comprised in such manner in order to carry out accurate blood pressure measurement at any one given point in time without being affected by the pinch width of the tragus and depth to the tragus even with repeated mounting and removal from the ear auricle, and also comprised such that a lid 23 of said cuff bladder forms a pressing surface 25 in a shape of a protrusion.

Abstract: Implantable systems, and methods for use therewith, for monitoring arterial blood pressure on a chronic basis are provided herein. A first signal indicative of electrical activity of a patient's heart, and a second signal indicative of mechanical activity of the patient's heart, are obtained using implanted electrodes and an implanted sensor. By measuring the times between various features of the first signal relative to features of the second signal, values indicative of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure can be determined. In specific embodiments, such features are used to determine a peak pulse arrival time (PPAT), which is used to determine the value indicative of systolic pressure. Additionally, a peak-to-peak amplitude at the maximum peak of the second signal, and the value indicative of systolic pressure, can be used to determine the value indicative of diastolic pressure.

Abstract: Methods of imaging are provided. In some embodiments, the methods may comprise obtaining a raw speckle image of a sample, converting the raw speckle image to a laser speckle contrast image using a laser speckle contrast algorithm, and converting a laser speckle contrast image to a relative correlation time image using a relative correlation time algorithm.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for improving measurements of cardiovascular health status in a given individual are provided. The comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular health includes at least two components: risk factor assessment based on epidemiologic studies and functional status of the individual. Structural studies of the individual can also be included in the comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular health. The invention aims to improve detection, treatment, devices, and administration of cardiovascular risk assessment.

Abstract: A device for assessing capillary vitality comprises an inflatable cuff, a blood flow sensor and a pressure sensor in communication with the cuff, a pressure instrument in fluid communication with the cuff for inflation and deflation thereof, a microprocessor coupled to the pressure instrument for controlling airflow, at least one metabolic sensor for measuring a metabolic condition, and a computer program executable by the microprocessor. The pressure instrument includes a source of pressurized air and a conduit connecting the source of pressurized air to the cuff. The microprocessor is arranged to receive inputs from the blood flow, pressure and metabolic sensors.

Abstract: A catheter for retrograde orientation in a blood flow is used to determine the blood flow rate by thermodilution measurements. The determination of the blood flow rate accommodates injectate induced thermal influences on a dilution thermal sensor, wherein the thermal influences can occur prior to introduction of the injectate into the blood flow.

Abstract: A method for performing an in-vivo calibration of a blood pressure sensor that is associated with a balloon of an in-vivo balloon system, the sensor and balloon being associated such that the sensor is in-vivo when the balloon is in-vivo. The balloon is inflated so that a gas pressure in the balloon system is indicative of a patient's blood pressure. The patient's blood pressure is monitored through two channels, the gas pressure and the sensor. The blood pressure measurements obtained by monitoring the gas pressure are used as reference, or “true,” blood pressure measurements to determine a mathematical relationship between blood pressure measurements obtained through the sensor and the reference blood pressure measurements. In this manner, future blood pressure measurements obtained through the sensor can be modified according to the mathematical relationship to generate calibrated blood pressure measurements.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system for determining cardiovascular information for a patient. The system may include at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of at least a portion of an anatomical structure of the patient. The portion of the anatomical structure may include at least a portion of the patient's aorta and at least a portion of a plurality of coronary arteries emanating from the portion of the aorta. The at least one computer system may also be configured to create a three-dimensional model representing the portion of the anatomical structure based on the patient-specific data, create a physics-based model relating to a blood flow characteristic within the portion of the anatomical structure, and determine a fractional flow reserve within the portion of the anatomical structure based on the three-dimensional model and the physics-based model.

Abstract: A method for determining an arteriovascular condition of a subject having an arterial blood flow is shown. The method involves determining a temporal progression of an instantaneous blood flow condition of the arterial blood flow as well as deriving a slew rate of the temporal progression during an increase of the temporal progression. In addition, an arteriovascular condition indicator device is shown, which comprises: an input for receiving an input signal representing an instantaneous arterial blood flow condition of a subject and a slew rate monitor connected to the input. A corresponding control device for providing an activation signal is also shown. The control device comprises a maximum detector connected to the slew rate monitor. A method for stimulation of arteriogenesis is also shown, wherein a temporal progression of an instantaneous blood flow condition is monitored, a slew rate of the temporal progression is derived, and the maximum of the slew rate is determined.

Abstract: A system determines measured patient values for use in clinical calculations using an electronic form including, a first area including data fields for presenting values of the parameters associated with a first part of a cardiac catheterization study of a patient and a second area including data fields for presenting values of the parameters associated with a different second part of a cardiac catheterization study of the patient. A user interface enables a user to copy at least one of the parameters comprising a measured value from the first area to the second area as a substitute value eliminating a need for a re-measurement of the value. A calculation processor automatically calculates a cardiac flow value for incorporation in the second area in response to the measured value being copied into the second area.

Abstract: The disclosure describes blood flow sensors for detecting penile tumescence. A system according to the invention may include at least one sensor for sensing blood flow into the penis, and one sensor for sensing blood flow away from the penis. Detecting penile tumescence may be accomplished by comparing the flow of blood into the penis to the blood flow out of the penis. A greater inflow of blood indicates an increasing tumescence whereas a greater outflow of blood indicates a decreasing tumescence. The sensors may be used for short- or long-term monitoring of penile tumescence, or as closed-loop feedback in a therapeutic penile tumescence control system, which may deliver electrical or chemical stimulation therapy to control a tumescence or erectile state, thus treating sexual dysfunction or, more specifically, erectile dysfunction.

Abstract: Embodiments include a system for determining cardiovascular information for a patient. The system may include at least one computer system configured to receive patient-specific data regarding a geometry of the patient's heart, and create a three-dimensional model representing at least a portion of the patient's heart based on the patient-specific data. The at least one computer system may be further configured to create a physics-based model relating to a blood flow characteristic of the patient's heart and determine a fractional flow reserve within the patient's heart based on the three-dimensional model and the physics-based model.

Abstract: A method to measure effective cerebral outflow pressure or intracranial pressure is disclosed. The craniospinal venous system has multiple anastomoses between the jugular veins and vertebral venous plexus. Jugular veins collapse with cervical compression or head elevation, when extrinsic pressure exceeds venous pressure. The vertebral venous plexus is exposed to intracranial pressure and collapses when intracranial pressure exceeds venous pressure. Vertebral venous plexus is not compressed with head elevation or cervical compression, because enclosure in the spinal canal protects veins from the direct effects of atmospheric pressure and cervical compression. Using cervical compression and/or head elevation blood outflow is redistributed between jugular veins and vertebral venous plexus, while the degree of cervical compression or head elevation indicates effective cerebral outflow pressure or ICP.

Abstract: A passive microwave thermography apparatus uses passive microwave antennas designed for operation, for example, at WARC protected frequencies of 1.400 to 1.427 GHz and 2.690 to 2.70 GHz (for core body gradient temperature measurement) and 10.68 to 10.700 GHz or higher microwave frequency (for surface body gradient temperature measurement) and a related directional antenna or antenna array to measure microwave radiation emanating from an animal, especially, a human body. The antennae may be radially directed toward a point within or on the surface of a human body for comparison with known temperature distribution data for that point and a given ambient temperature. Each frequency band may provide a plurality of adjacent noise measuring channels for measuring microwave noise naturally emitted by the human body. The apparatus measures short-term changes in, for example, core and body surface temperatures to establish a basal metabolic rate.

Abstract: A method and system of supplying rodents, such as mice, to medical researchers pre-installs and/or embeds physiologic sensors onto or within the rodents prior to selling the modified rodents to the researchers. The specialty skills, such as small animal surgical and anesthesia skills and sensor placement and testing, are centralized in one organization rather than being spread about a collection of researchers. The subjects with preinstalled, pre-tested hardware, are sold to the researcher as needed. Communication hardware and software will be supplied for the user to convert their desktop computer into a wireless monitoring station. Additionally an external pulse oximeter for small rodents, such as mice, provides measurements on a hand or foot of the rodent with a sensor configured to avoid shunting around the rodent appendage, and configured for high heart rates (200-900 beats per minutes) of the subjects.

Abstract: Determining physiological life signs, with a sensor that is in contact with the surface of a patient's skin at point proximate an artery, and measuring arterial blood vessel displacement and/or blood pressure changes. A data stream of measurements of is collected and a set of parameters from the collected data, a number of physiological life signs parameters, is extracted from the data. The physiological life signs that can be extracted include heart rate, breathing rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure.

Abstract: A method and system for continually monitoring oxygenation levels in real-time in compartments of an animal limb, such as in a human leg or a human thigh or a forearm, can be used to assist in the diagnosis of a compartment syndrome. The method and system can include one or more near infrared compartment sensors in which each sensor can be provided with a compartment alignment mechanism and a central scan depth marker so that each sensor may be precisely positioned over a compartment of a living organism. The method and system can include a device for displaying oxygenation levels corresponding to respective compartment sensors that are measuring oxygenation levels of a compartment of interest. The method and system can also monitor the relationship between blood pressure and oxygenation levels and activate alarms based on predetermined conditions relating to the oxygenation levels or blood pressure or both.

Abstract: A method of determining at least one patient physiological parameter from an imaging procedure includes at least the steps of measuring time enhancement outputs for at least two different regions of interest, and determining at least one difference between the time enhancement outputs to provide a measure of the at least one patient physiological parameter. The physiological parameter can be a parameter of the cardiopulmonary system. It can also be the cardiac output, the blood volume in a region, a rate transfer term or a transit delay. A first time enhancement output may be measured in the ascending aorta or the descending aorta and a second time enhancement output may be measured in the pulmonary artery trunk.

Abstract: The methods described herein are methods to ascertain motion contrast within optical coherence tomography data based upon phase variance. The phase variance contrast observes the nanometer scale motion of scatterers associated with Brownian motion and other non-flow motion. The inventive method of calculating motion contrast from the phase variance can differentiate regions of different mobility based on the motion contrast differences, and can use the phase information to characterize mobility properties of the scatterers. In flow regions, the inventive method for acquiring and analyzing motion contrast can identify the regions as well as characterize the motion. Furthermore, the inventive method can determine quantitative flow estimation, the index of refraction variations, and absorption variations within flow regions.

Abstract: A monitoring device may include logic to receive arterial blood pressure data associated with a patient and receive tissue hemoglobin data associated with the patient. The logic may also calculate a linear correlation between the arterial blood pressure data and the tissue hemoglobin data. The correlation may be used to assess vascular reactivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blood flow image diagnosis device comprising: a laser beam irradiation system that irradiates an observation region of a body tissue with a laser beam; a light receiving system having a light receiver including a large number of pixels that detects reflected light from the observation region of the body tissue; an image capture section that continuously captures a plurality of images for a specified time that is one or more cardiac beats on the basis of a signal from the light receiver; an image storage section that stores the plurality of images; an arithmetic section that calculates a blood flow rate in the body tissue from the time variation of the output signal of each pixel corresponding to the plurality of the stored images; and a display section that displays the two-dimensional distribution of the calculation result as a blood flow map; wherein the blood flow image diagnosis device has a function for analyzing the blood flow map, the arithmetic section has a function t

Abstract: A device for measuring the capillary refill time and blood oxygenation includes light sources and a light detector. The device also includes an actuator for applying pressure to a selected portion of the body of the patient, such as the nail bed of a finger or toe of the patient, to cause the removal of blood from the nail bed when actuated. A timer commences a time interval with a deactuation of the actuator. The deactuation relieves the pressure applied by the actuator to the body portion of the patient and allows blood to return to the portion. The timing interval is terminated by a reduction in the amount of light received by the light detector as a result of the restoration of blood to the body portion. The time interval so determined comprises an indication of the capillary refill time of the patient.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the reproductive status, in particular the oestrus cycle, of a mammal, comprising detecting means (10) to detect a blood amount perfused in a predetermined region of the vagina canal of a mammal, and generating a corresponding main signal (20); the apparatus (1) further comprises a processing unit (40) associated with said detecting means (10) to determine the reproductive status of said mammal depending on said main signal (20). Also disclosed is a method of detecting the reproductive status, in particular the oestrus cycle, of a mammal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for withdrawing body fluid from a body part via a withdrawal site located on the surface of the body part, with at least one sensor for detecting at least one variable dependent on the location or state of the withdrawal site, and with an evaluation unit for evaluating the at least one variable detected by the at least one sensor and for triggering a reaction, dependent on the value of the detected variable, in the system for withdrawing body fluid, said reaction serving to prepare the system for puncturing the surface of the body part, and with at least one puncturing device for creating an opening in the body at the withdrawal site. The invention further relates to an integrated analysis system, to a method for configuring a system for withdrawal of body fluid, and to a method for selecting a menu item from a menu for controlling a system for withdrawing body fluid from a body part.

Abstract: Improved methods and apparatus for non-invasively assessing one or more parameters associated with fluidic systems such as the circulatory system of a living organism, when such parameters are potentially affected by other concurrent events. In one exemplary embodiment, apparatus and methods for compensating for occlusive events (e.g., pressure cuff inflation) occurring ipsilateral to the location of parameter measurement are disclosed. Upon passive detection of signal degradation resulting from the event, the apparatus selectively enters a “wait state” wherein further processing of the hemodynamic data is suspended until the degrading event subsides. This behavior mitigates any adverse effects the event might have on the accuracy of the representation of the measured hemodynamic parameter generated by the system. In another exemplary embodiment, the measured data is analyzed in order to classify the type of event (e.g.

Abstract: State information of a user is detected via a biometric information sensor and is stored, in a nonvolatile memory, in association with a content identifier of content that is being reproduced for the user when the state information is detected. An information request, including the state information of another user at another terminal apparatus, is generated and transmitted. Provided information transmitted in response to the information request is received and provided to the user. When an information request is received by the user, information is extracted from the nonvolatile memory based on the state information of another user. Provided information that is based on the extracted information is transmitted to another user.

Abstract: A method of estimating blood flow in the brain, comprising: a) causing currents to flow inside the head by producing electric fields inside the head; b) measuring at least changes in the electric fields and the currents; and c) estimating changes in the blood volume of the head, using the measurements of the electric fields and the currents.

Abstract: A novel contrast mechanism for imaging blood flow using magneto-motive optical Doppler tomography (MM-ODT), Optical Coherence Tomography, and Ultrasound. MM-ODT, OCT, and ultrasound combined with an externally applied temporally oscillating high-strength magnetic field detects erythrocytes moving according to the field gradient.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus for deciding a risk includes a measurement unit and an analysis unit. The measurement unit is configured to measure a physiological index of a subject' s peripheral blood flow. The analysis unit is configured to calculate a ripple appeared in the physiological index and to decide a risk of abnormality of the subject' s thermoregulation by the ripple.

Abstract: Present embodiments relate to systems, methods, and devices for decomposing a physiological signal of a patient using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). In one embodiment, the EMD algorithm may involve identifying a frequency component, referred to as an intrinsic mode function, in the physiological signal. The physiological signal may be decomposed into one or more intrinsic mode functions through multiple iterations of the EMD algorithm. Each subsequent mode function may have a different frequency component of the original physiological signal input into the EMD algorithm. In some embodiments, each mode function may be further analyzed and/or processed to determine various physiological data corresponding to blood flow in the patient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multipurpose host system for processing and displaying invasive cardiovascular diagnostic measurement data. The system includes a an external input signal bus interface. The bus interface receives data arising from cardiovascular diagnostic measurement sensors. Measurement processing components receive data from particular sensor types. Based on the received data, the processing components render diagnostic measurement parameter values. A multi-mode graphical user interface includes display components corresponding to data received from particular sensor types. The user interface provides recommended action prompts that guide a user through a series of actions.

Abstract: A method for selective detection, with a thermographic plate, of traces of blood flow that differ from traces with a correct course in vessels at different depths, particularly of the breast, which consists in that a sequence of thermographic images is taken which are acquired by a thermographic plate gently pressed against the skin, which is cooled before each photograph with an air jet whose duration is correlated to the depth of the portion of vessel being investigated, the traces of vessels with a correct course having a substantially centripetal direction with respect to the breast and tapering toward the center of the organ so as to confirm a temperature of the blood flow which decreases because the vessel gradually branches and because the depth from the surface of the skin increases.

Abstract: Hand-held pocket-sized self-contained perfusion detection devices are provided. Devices of the invention are configured to rapidly provide a perfusion detection result without the need for pre-calibration. Also provided are methods of using the perfusion detection devices, as well as kits that include the devices and/or components thereof for use in practicing such methods.

Abstract: A system and method (1000) for an interactive game is disclosed herein. The system (1000) preferably includes monitoring device (20) monitoring the vital signs of a user, and a computer (1420). The monitoring device (20) is preferably an article (25) having an optical sensor (30) and a circuitry assembly (35), and a pair of straps (26a and 26b). The monitoring device (20) preferably provides for the display of the following information about the user: pulse rate; blood oxygenation levels; calories expended by the user of a pre-set time period; target zones of activity; time; distance traveled; and/or dynamic blood pressure. The article (25) is preferably a band worn on a user's wrist, arm or ankle.