Abstract: A method by one or more electronic devices to detect flapping in a computer system. The method includes obtaining a plurality of metric values indicating a state of the computer system at various times within a time window, determining a combined length of lines connecting time-wise consecutive points representing the plurality of metric values in a cartesian coordinate system, wherein a first axis of the cartesian coordinate system represents time and a second axis of the cartesian coordinate system represents a metric associated with the plurality of metric values, determining a baseline length based on a maximum metric value within the time window, a minimum metric value within the time window, and a length of the time window, and determining whether the computer system flapped during the time window based on a result of comparing the combined length to the baseline length.

Abstract: A patient-coupled resuscitation device for use with a plurality of medical devices is provided. The resuscitation device includes a portion configured to provide treatment, a connector configured to connect the resuscitation device to one of a first medical device and a second medical device, and a housing including a memory and associated circuitry. The memory and associated circuitry is configured to store a device identifier to identify the resuscitation device; receive medical treatment information from the first medical device, the medical treatment information including at least one of: patient physiological data, patient characteristic data, and rescuer performance data; receive timing information of the medical treatment information from the first medical device; record the medical treatment information and the timing information; and transfer, upon detecting a connection to the second medical device, the medical treatment information and the timing information to the second medical device.

Abstract: A cardiac medical system, such as an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) system, receives a cardiac electrical signal by and senses cardiac events when the signal crosses an R-wave sensing threshold. The system determines at least one sensed event parameter from the cardiac electrical signal for consecutive cardiac events sensed by the sensing circuit and compares the sensed event parameters to P-wave oversensing criteria. The system detects P-wave oversensing in response to the sensed event parameters meeting the P-wave oversensing criteria; and adjusts at least one of an R-wave sensing control parameter or a therapy delivery control parameter in response to detecting the P-wave oversensing.

Abstract: A blood pressure controlling apparatus includes an acquiring part configured to acquire biological information indicating blood pressure of a subject, a producing part configured to produce a frequency modulated pulse train on the basis of the biological information, and a supplying part configured to supply an electrical current on the basis of the frequency modulated pulse train, to an electrode attached on the subject. The electrical current stimulates baroreceptor afferent nerves of the subject.

Abstract: Body-worn systems and methods for continuously monitoring a patient for cardiac electrical signals and identifying rhythm abnormalities including atrial fibrillation.

Abstract: This application provides a method and apparatus of analyzing the ECG frequency parameters with applications for the diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) diseases, which relates to the interdisciplinary field of biomedical and science engineering. The method includes obtaining ECG signals from subjects through the designed electrodes; calculating ECG frequency domain parameters of the subjects based on the proposed power spectrum model and getting the analytical validation results after studying and verifying the parameters; generating indicators based on the analytical validation results, which could be potentially used as alternative indicators for STEMI diagnosis; and alerting when the indicators meet preset abnormal conditions. The present embodiment is a powerful tool to diagnose STEMI diseases faster and more effectively and helps patients receive timely assistance and treatment.

Abstract: A method for characterizing atrial fibrillation includes determining, by a processor of a computing device and based on heart data, an earliest activation time of a heart being monitored. The method also includes determining, by the processor and based on the heart data, a latest activation time of the heart. The method also includes modeling, by the processor, the earliest activation time and the latest activation time within one or more activation time maps. The method further includes identifying, by the processor, an atrial fibrillation driver based at least in part on the one or more activation time maps.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a catheter assembly for use in a medical procedure to conduct electrophysiological mapping. The catheter assembly includes a catheter having an end effector with a tip member. One or more insert-molded microelectrodes are located in the tip member of the end effector for conducting electrophysiological mapping. The insert-molded microelectrodes include a microelectrode and a composite that isolates the microelectrode from contact with the tip member.

Abstract: An implantable medical device comprises a sensing module configured to obtain electrical signals from one or more electrodes and a control module configured to process the electrical signals from the sensing module in accordance with a tachyarrhythmia detection algorithm to monitor for a tachyarrhythmia. The control module detects initiation of a pacing train delivered by a second implantable medical device, determines a type of the detected pacing train, and modifies the tachyarrhythmia detection algorithm based on the type of the detected pacing train.

Abstract: A wearable self-contained Smart ECG Sensor Patch (SEP) is provided for acquiring, analyzing and transmitting ECG data, heart rate and heart rate variability (heart rate variability) parameters to a host device via a secure Bluetooth low energy link. SEP incorporates all circuitry for acquisition, analysis and communication, and a battery on a small flexible substrate with two gold electrodes on the reverse side. Prior to on-board analysis, noise and motion artifacts are detected and ignored. SEP has been validated with archived ECG signals and testing on human subjects. The continuous acquisition and unique on-board analytics permit SEP to be used for prolonged monitoring scenarios with automatic alarm generations. SEP's aggressive power management techniques enable it to operate on a single coin battery for up to 250 hours. SEP suppresses transmissions of artifact data, which reduces power consumption.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method to alert a user of a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) is described. The method includes determining when a system issue is resolved and issuing an alert when the system issue is resolved. In some embodiments, the method may detect the system issue and issuing a system alert based at least in part on the system issue. The method may then monitor a status of the system issue. In some instances, the method may detect an abnormality in system operation sand determine a severity rating for the abnormality. The method may determine if the abnormality satisfies a time duration threshold based at least in part on the severity rating.

Abstract: An example method is performed by a current defibrillator and includes determining that a memory embedded within a therapy cable coupled to the current defibrillator stores data indicative of a previous shock delivered to a patient, the previous being delivered using a previous defibrillator. The method also includes obtaining the data indicative of the previous shock, and setting an energy level for a subsequent shock based on the data indicative of the previous shock. The method further includes delivering the subsequent shock to the patient at the energy level for the subsequent shock.

Abstract: A patient-coupled resuscitation device for use with a plurality of medical devices is provided. The resuscitation device includes a portion configured to provide treatment, a connector configured to connect the resuscitation device to one of a first medical device and a second medical device, and a housing including a memory and associated circuitry. The memory and associated circuitry is configured to store a device identifier to identify the resuscitation device; receive medical treatment information from the first medical device, the medical treatment information including at least one of: patient physiological data, patient characteristic data, and rescuer performance data; receive timing information of the medical treatment information from the first medical device; record the medical treatment information and the timing information; and transfer, upon detecting a connection to the second medical device, the medical treatment information and the timing information to the second medical device.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for evaluating infranodal pacing is applied to a patient. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data representing the pacing is obtained from a set of electrodes as an ECG lead. A predictor value representing a frequency content a portion of the ECG lead is extracted. A fitness parameter is determined for the pacing from at least the predictor value. The fitness parameter represents a likelihood that the applied infranodal pacing will induce left ventricular dysfunction in the patient. The fitness parameter is displayed to a user at an associated display.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for improving hemodynamics and clinical outcome of patients suffering cardiac arrest and other low-flow states by combination of circumferential constriction and anteroposterior compression decompression of the chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Anteroposterior compression decompression may be provided by a piston mechanism attached to a gantry above the patient. Circumferential constriction may be achieved by inflation of pneumatic bladders or shortening of a band. The on-off sequence and relative force of circumferential constriction and anteroposterior compression decompression may be adjusted so as to improve efficacy.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for electroporation ablation therapy are disclosed, with a protection device for isolating electronic circuitry, devices, and/or other components from a set of electrodes during a cardiac ablation procedure. A system can include a first set of electrodes disposable near cardiac tissue of a heart and a second set of electrodes disposable in contact with patient anatomy. The system can further include a signal generator configured to generate a pulse waveform, where the signal generator coupled to the first set of electrodes and configured to repeatedly deliver the pulse waveform to the first set of electrodes. The system can further include a protection device configured to selectively couple and decouple an electronic device to the second set of electrodes.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods to determine an alert state for each of a plurality of patients using received physiologic information, determine an event rate for the plurality of patients for a specific alert state, and adjust a composite HF risk determination for the plurality of patients using the determined event rate.

Abstract: A state assessment system, a diagnosis and treatment system and a method for operating the diagnosis and treatment system are disclosed. An oscillator model converts a physiological signal of a subject into a defined feature image. A classification model analyzes state information of the subject based on the feature image. An analysis model outputs a treatment suggestion for the subject based on the state information of the subject. An AR projection device projects acupoint positions of a human body onto the subject, for the subject to be treated based on the treatment suggestion.

Abstract: A device for graphically reconstructing information received from a medical device is provided. The device comprises an event processor configured to process information received from a medical device by receiving electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and determining at least one cardiac event based on the ECG recordings, receiving data corresponding to non-cardiac event(s), determining a time of occurrence or a time period associated with the cardiac event(s), determining times of occurrences and time periods associated with the non-cardiac event(s), correlating the time of occurrence or time period associated with the cardiac event(s) and the non-cardiac event(s), identifying one or more gaps in the ECG recordings, and reconstructing the ECG recordings during the one or more gaps based at least in part on the received non-cardiac data. The event processor is also configured to generate a graphical representation of the processed information based on the cardiac event(s) and non-cardiac event(s).

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for electroporation ablation therapy are disclosed, with a protection device for isolating electronic circuitry, devices, and/or other components from a set of electrodes during a cardiac ablation procedure. A system can include a first set of electrodes disposable near cardiac tissue of a heart and a second set of electrodes disposable in contact with patient anatomy. The system can further include a signal generator configured to generate a pulse waveform, where the signal generator coupled to the first set of electrodes and configured to repeatedly deliver the pulse waveform to the first set of electrodes. The system can further include a protection device configured to selectively couple and decouple an electronic device to the second set of electrodes.

Abstract: Long-term electrocardiographic and physiological monitoring over a period lasting up to several years in duration can be provided through a continuously-recording subcutaneous insertable cardiac monitor (ICM). The sensing circuitry and the physical layout of the electrodes are specifically optimized to capture electrical signals from the propagation of low amplitude, relatively low frequency content cardiac action potentials, particularly the P-waves that are generated during atrial activation. In general, the ICM is intended to be implanted centrally and positioned axially and slightly to either the left or right of the sternal midline in the parasternal region of the chest. Additionally, the ICM includes an ECG sensing circuit that measures raw cutaneous electrical signals and performs signal processing prior to outputting the processed signals for sampling and storage.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and techniques for analyzing and applying features of a T-wave derived from an electrocardiogram. A computing system can receive a set of data that characterizes an electrocardiogram of a patient. The system can analyze the set of data to identify a T-wave that occurs in the electrocardiogram. The system can determine values of one or more features of the T-wave and provide the information that identifies the values of the one or more features of the T-wave to a user.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure are directed to a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (“WCD”) system design in which a WCD implements an alert prioritization scheme to provide the patient with feedback in an order that is less likely to cause confusion. Different conditions (e.g., device status, equipment condition, or physiologic condition) are prioritized based on an analysis of severity of the condition and timeliness of user action needed. The prioritization scheme defines what alert, if any, is presented to the user by the WCD system as a result of various conditions. Generally stated, an alert for the highest priority condition currently detected is presented to the user and maintained until that condition either changes or becomes surpassed in the prioritization scheme.

Abstract: An example method is performed by a current defibrillator and includes determining that a memory embedded within a therapy cable coupled to the current defibrillator stores data indicative of a previous shock delivered to a patient, the previous being delivered using a previous defibrillator. The method also includes obtaining the data indicative of the previous shock, and setting an energy level for a subsequent shock based on the data indicative of the previous shock. The method further includes delivering the subsequent shock to the patient at the energy level for the subsequent shock.

Abstract: Provided is a process for analysing a dirty ECG tracing, the dirty tracing including a clean ECG tracing, emitted by a main source, and a noise signal emitted by at least one noise source, the method including at least one preliminary phase of breaking down the dirty ECG tracing in a clean ECG tracing and a noise signal by means of an ICA-type analysis, at least one first phase wherein the dirty ECG tracing is discretized for intervals of time in portions of electrical signal, at least one second phase, wherein at least one Gaussian parameter of the portions of electrical signal is evaluated, at least one third phase, wherein one of the portions of electrical signal is selected, in the same interval of time, on the basis of at least one Gaussian parameter and wherein the portion of electrical signal selected is the first portion.

Abstract: A computer implemented method and system to detect P-waves in cardiac activity is provided. The system includes memory to store specific executable instructions. One or more processors are configured to execute the specific executable instructions for obtaining far field cardiac activity (CA) signals for a series of beats, applying a P-wave template to at least one sub-segment of the CA signals to obtain an alignment indicator and calculating an amplitude dependence (AD) indicator based at least in part on the P-wave template and the at least one sub-segment. The system analyzes the alignment indicator based on a first criteria, compares the AD indicator with a second criteria, designates a candidate P-wave to be an actual P-wave based on the analyzing and comparing and records results of the designating.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for detecting arrhythmias in cardiac activity including obtaining far field cardiac activity (CA) signals for a series of beats. For at least a portion of the beats, the one or more processors perform, on a beat by beat basis: a) identifying first and second feature of interests (FOI) from a segment of the CA signal that corresponds to a current beat; and b) classifying the current beat into one of first and second groups. The method also includes designating one of the first and second groups to be a primary group based on a relation between the first and second groups, and for the beats in the primary group, selecting one of the first and second FOIs as the R-wave FOI. The method also includes rejecting an arrhythmia detection based on the P-waves detected.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods involving cardiac pace making are provided. Implantable wireless pace making systems, devices, and methods using electromagnetic waveforms to interact with subcutaneous implanted sensors or stimulators, or both, are described. Systems, devices, and methods can include wireless, miniaturized, battery-free, radiofrequency (RF) microwave activated, sensors or stimulators or integrated sensor/stimulators that are implanted in multiple thoracic cavity locations, and interact with a remote pace making control-module or multiple modules.

Abstract: A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) comprises a plurality of electrocardiography (ECG) electrodes and a plurality of defibrillator electrodes to contact the patient's skin when the WCD is delivering therapy to the patient, a preamplifier coupled to the ECG electrodes to obtain ECG data from the patient. a processor to receive the ECG data from the preamplifier, and a high voltage subsystem to provide a defibrillation voltage to the patient through the plurality of defibrillator electrodes in response to a shock signal received from the processor. In a first power mode of a range of power modes the preamplifier is configured to perform low-fidelity ECG acquisition and the processor is configured to perform simple arrythmia detection analysis, and in a second mode of the range of power modes the preamplifier is configured to perform high-fidelity ECG acquisition and the processor is configured to perform complex arrythmia detection analysis.

Abstract: A connector block that permits simultaneous and continuous interconnection of the three leads of the epicardial pacing wires, the pacemaker, and the ECG monitor on clear separately labeled connectors is provided. Circuitry is provided that allows the display of epicardial signals on the telemetry unit, while still preserving the ability to pace the heart from the pacemaker. When pacing the connector block prevents excessive loading of the pacer signals by the ECG monitor and/or damage to the monitor by the high-voltage pacer signals. The connector block may be used universally on all monitors without the need for sophisticated understanding of the electrical characteristics of the ECG monitor or concern for damage or improper signal loading.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of using a therapeutic system. In particular, the present invention relates to procedures and methods of using a system having hardware, software, and appliance components for assessing and entraining a non-nutritive suck (NNS) pattern in a patient. The methods include configuring the hardware and software systems to receive data from an orofacial stimulation appliance and to generate a precise therapeutic pulse profile that is actuated as a tactile stimulus. The methods also include collecting data using the orofacial stimulation appliance and delivering the tactile stimulus via the orofacial stimulation appliance to entrain an organized NNS pattern.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting atrial tachyarrhythmia are discussed. An exemplary atrial tachyarrhythmia detection system includes an arrhythmia detector circuit configured to receive physiologic information of a patient, generate a morphological similarity metric between the received physiologic information and a sinus rhythm (SR) template representing a morphology of conducted sinus beats during normal SR, and generate a morphological variability metric indicative of a variability in morphology between heart beats in the received physiologic information. The arrhythmia detector circuit may detect an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode the morphological similarity and morphological variability metrics.

Abstract: A defibrillator (AED) and method for using a defibrillator using two different ECG analysis algorithms which work sequentially to improve the accuracy of AED shock decisions. A first algorithm, such as (ART), is particularly suited for analysis in the presence of CPR periods. A second algorithm, such as (PAS), is particularly suited for analysis during hands-off periods. The AED switches algorithms depending on the period and on the current analysis of the cardiac rhythm. The inventions thus provide an optimized ECG analysis scheme in a manner that improves the effectiveness of the rescue, resulting in more CPR “hands-on” time, better treatment of refibrillation, and reduced transition times between CPR and electrotherapy.

Abstract: Method for determining positive entrainment sites for mapping active reentrant circuits, including the procedures of measuring a pre-entrainment cycle length at least one cardiac site, measuring a post-pacing interval (PPI) at the cardiac site, determining a difference between the PPI and the pre-entrainment cycle length and annotating the cardiac site according to the determined difference.

Abstract: A leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) is configured to sense cardiac activity and to pace a patient's heart and is disposable within a ventricle of the patient's heart. The LCP may include a housing, a first electrode and a second electrode that are secured relative to the housing and are spaced apart. A controller is disposed within the housing and is operably coupled to the first electrode and the second electrode such that the controller is capable of receiving, via the first electrode and the second electrode, electrical cardiac signals of the heart. The LCP may include a pressure sensor and/or an accelerometer. The controller may determine a pace time for a cardiac cycle based at least in part upon a signal from the pressure sensor.

Abstract: Techniques are described for discriminating SVT and, in particular, rapidly conducting AF. The techniques include detecting an onset of a fast rate of ventricular events sensed from a cardiac electrical signal and detecting a pause in the fast rate of ventricular sensed events. A threshold number of ventricular event intervals required to detect a ventricular tachyarrhythmia is detected with each of the threshold number of ventricular event intervals being less than a tachyarrhythmia detection interval. Detection of the ventricular tachyarrhythmia and an electrical stimulation therapy for treating the ventricular tachyarrhythmia are withheld in response to at least the pause being detected.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a relay and sampling unit, a pacing unit, a pacing detection circuit, and a processor. The relay and sampling unit receives multiple electrocardiogram (ECG) signals that are sensed by respective electrodes in a heart of a patient, and digitize a first subset of the ECG signals, and forward a second subset of the ECG signals un-digitized over analog lines. The pacing unit outputs pacing signals, which the pacing detection circuit detects and outputs a trigger in response. The processor receives the trigger and identities of ones of the electrodes via which the pacing signals are to be applied, and, in response to identifying that the electrodes, via which the pacing signals are to be applied, are currently associated with the digitized ECG signals, instructs the relay and sampling unit to switch the identified electrodes to the analog lines for transferring the pacing signals.

Abstract: A system for providing information about a patient's heart, the system including one or more catheters that receive intracardiac signals from electrical activity of the heart over one or more heart beat cycles and an electronic processor coupled to the one or more catheters. The electronic processor to: receive the intracardiac signals from the one or more catheters; preprocess the intracardiac signals to provide preprocessed signals, wherein each of the intracardiac signals is preprocessed to provide a corresponding preprocessed signal; and compare the preprocessed signals to a set of signals to determine a degree of similarity between each of the preprocessed signals and the set of signals.

Abstract: In situations in which an implantable medical device (e.g., a subcutaneous ICD) is co-implanted with a leadless pacing device (LPD), it may be important that the subcutaneous ICD knows when the LPD is delivering pacing, such as anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP). Techniques are described herein for detecting, with the ICD and based on the sensed electrical signal, pacing pulses and adjusting operation to account for the detected pulses, e.g., blanking the sensed electrical signal or modifying a tachyarrhythmia detection algorithm. In one example, the ICD includes a first pace pulse detector configured to obtain a sensed electrical signal and analyze the sensed electrical signal to detect a first type of pulses having a first set of characteristics and a second pace pulse detector configured to obtain the sensed electrical signal and analyze the sensed electrical signal to detect a second type of pulses having a second set of characteristics.

Abstract: Described herein are low sodium formulations. In some embodiments, the low sodium formulations can contain an effective concentration of sodium and an effective concentration of calcium. The low sodium formulations can be provided as combination kit that can include, in some embodiments, a low sodium formulation and a defibrillation device. Also described herein are methods of administering the low sodium formulation to a subject in need thereof and performing cardiac resuscitation and/or defibrillation on the subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments of neural interfaces according to the present invention comprise sensor modules for sensing environmental attributes beyond the natural sensory capability of a subject, and communicating the attributes wirelessly to an external (ex-vivo) portable module attached to the subject. The ex-vivo module encodes and communicates the attributes via a transcutaneous inductively coupled link to an internal (in-vivo) module implanted within the subject. The in-vivo module converts the attribute information into electrical neural stimuli that are delivered to a peripheral nerve bundle within the subject, via an implanted electrode. Methods and apparatus according to the invention incorporate implantable batteries to power the in-vivo module allowing for transcutaneous bidirectional communication of low voltage (e.g. on the order of 5 volts) encoded signals as stimuli commands and neural responses, in a robust, low-error rate, communication channel with minimal effects to the subjects' skin.

Abstract: A temporary cardiac pacemaker including an acquisition module for acquiring an intracavity electrocardiography signal; a pre-processing module, connected to the acquisition module, for pre-processing the intracavity electrocardiography signal; a storage module, connected to the pre-processing module, for storing the pre-processed intracavity electrocardiography signal in real time; and a display control module, connected to the storage module, for display control. The display control module includes a display and an instruction determination unit for detecting whether a pacing parameter adjustment instruction is triggered and to call and display the intracavity electrocardiography signal stored in real time on a pacing parameter adjustment interface, which displays the intracavity electrocardiography signal stored in real time and the pacing adjustment parameter on the display; and the displayed information includes intracavity electrocardiography and electrocardiography event markers.

Abstract: A wearable monitoring device is provided. The wearable monitoring device includes a garment to hold an electrode, be worn about a subject, and include an orientation circuit. The monitoring device also includes a control unit coupled to the orientation circuit capable of measuring at least one parameter associated with the orientation circuit and determine whether the electrode is positioned in the garment with the conductive surface oriented towards the subject based on the at least one parameter.

Abstract: A console may receive signals from one or more components of the medical system over an input/out (I/O) interface. The console may process the received signals into one or more packets and transmit the one or more packets over a first interface. The console may identify an origin of the one or more packets. The console may monitor time intervals between the one or more packets to determine a connection status of the one or more components. The console may parse each of the one or more packets into a packet header and data and inspect the data for errors. The console may transmit an indication of the connection status and an indication of errors to a display over a second interface. The display may indicate the connection status and the presence of errors using one or more display schemes.

Abstract: An intra-cardiac mapping system is based on locating the ports through which blood flows in or out the heart chambers. For many procedures, such as ablation to cure atrial fibrillation, locating the pulmonary veins and the mitral valve accurately allows to perform a Maze procedure. The location of the ports and valves is based on using the convective cooling effect of the blood flow. The mapping can be performed by a catheter-deployed expandable net or a scanning catheter. The same net or catheter can also perform the ablation procedure.

Abstract: The invention provides a two-step approach to providing a BCI system. In a first step the invention provides a low-power implantable platform for amplifying and filtering the extracellular recording, performing analogue to digital conversion (ADC) and detecting action potentials in real-time, which is connected to a remote device capable of performing the processor-intensive tasks of feature extraction and spike classification, thus generating a plurality of predetermined templates for each neuron to be used in a second processing step. In the second step the low-power implantable platform amplifies and filters the extracellular recording, performs ADC and detects action potentials, which can be matched on-chip to the predetermined templates generated by the external receiver in the first step.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include systems and methods that relate to pulse oximetry. Specifically, one embodiment includes an oximeter sensor comprising a light emitting element configured to emit light, a light detector configured to detect the light, and a memory chip having a built-in trimmed resistor, the trimmed resistor having a resistance value that is detectable by a monitor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to determine the presence of and track functional chronotropic incompetence (hereinafter “CI”) in an in-home setting under conditions of daily living. The functional CI of the patient may be determined with one or more of a profile of measured patient heart rates, a measured maximum patient heart rate, or a peak of the heart rate profile. The functional CI of the patient may be determined with the measured heart rate profile, in which the measured heart rate profile may correspond to heart rates substantially less than the maximum heart rate of the patient, such that the heart rate can be safely measured when the patient is remote from a health care provider. The functional CI of the patient may be determined based a peak of the remotely measured heart rate profile, for example a peak corresponding to the mode of the heart rate distribution profile.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices, methods and systems for use with interactive equipment in a simulated or augmented environment, or in real world operations. The inventive devices, methods and systems allow for interactive operation equipment in a virtual or augmented reality environment while eliminating virtual drift of the operational equipment. The present invention further eliminates the need to reset a simulated environment to accommodate swapping out equipment, allowing a seamless simulation to provide an optimal virtual training environment. Finally, the present invention provides for a highly accurate operational equipment to be used in a virtual or augmented environment allowing for optimal training, while minimizing down time.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods for ablation therapy are described herein, with a processor for confirming pacing capture or detecting ectopic beats. An apparatus includes a processor for receiving cardiac signal data captured by a set of electrodes, extracting a sliding window of the cardiac signal data, identifying a peak frequency over a subrange of frequencies associated with the extracted sliding window, detecting ectopic activity based at least on a measure of the peak frequency over the subrange of frequencies, in response to detecting ectopic activity, sending an indication of ectopic activity to a signal generator configured to generate pulsed waveforms for cardiac ablation such that the signal generator is deactivated or switched off from generating the pulsed waveforms. An apparatus can further include a processor for confirming pacing capture of the set of pacing pulses based on cardiac signal data.