Abstract: The invention relates to a system for monitoring a cumulative physiological state and for predicting a target state under physical exercise, which system includes means for measuring a variable depicting the intensity of the exercise and for registering it relative to time, the control unit consisting of a user-interface device, which includes an input device and output device. Software means calculate the current value of the said cumulative physiological variable while second software means calculate the value of a selected output variable, which output variable is one of the following three variables: target state, future intensity, or duration of future exercise, the two other variables being given as initial variables.

Abstract: A morphology discrimination scheme extracts shape characteristics from cardiac signals and identifies an associated cardiac condition based on the shape characteristics. For example, internal data structures may be updated to match the shape characteristics of a known condition (e.g., a patient's normal sinus rhythm). Similarly acquired shape characteristics obtained in conjunction with a later event (e.g., QRS complexes acquired during a tachycardia episode) may be compared with the previously stored shape characteristics to characterize the later event. In some aspects the shape characteristics relate to inflection points of cardiac signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recognizing and measuring heartbeat in physical training, in which method individual heartbeats are recognized and measured from the electrical signal of the heart, the EKG signal, on the area of waist and/or on the body area below the waist by means of two or more electrodes (2, 3) integrated to an outfit (1) or to a part of an outfit, and/or by means of two or more electrodes integrated to one or several wearable sensors, and for calculating various quantities describing the function of the heart. In the method in accordance with the invention, for recognizing and measuring heartbeat, the signals received from the heart are processed and examined with two or more different ways for improving the reliability of calculation and for decreasing the impact of noises.

Abstract: Method of determining the training intensity of a person (2), whereby time intervals RRi (13) between consecutive heartbeats are recorded whereupon from sequences of these time intervals RRi (13) a sequence of standardised intervals rri (14) is generated through mathematical modelling. From two consecutive standardised intervals rri (14) and rri+1 points in a Poincaré plot are generated and with regard to the principal horizontal axis X0 (16) of a confidence ellipse of these points a standard deviation SOL is calculated. From pairs of values formed of a mean value RRMV of the sequence of intervals RRi (13) and the standard deviation SOL for further sequences of standardised intervals rri (14) a training intensity curve (20) is then produced for the person (2) whereby the training intensity curve (20) is produced from pairs of values of the heart frequencies HF (HF=1/RRMV) corresponding to the mean values RRMV and the standard deviations SOL.

Abstract: A method for measuring exercise level during exercise and for measuring fatigue, in which method electrical signals produced by active muscles are measured with a measuring device and feedback is given from an exercise with a perceivable signal from a feedback device. A device for measuring exercise level and fatigue during exercise, which device includes sensors for measuring electrical signals from active muscles and a feedback device for giving feedback. A momentary exercise level and the level of fatigue of a person are measured or estimated by measuring besides electrical signals received from muscles also other quantities describing exercise and from measuring results one or several indexes are calculated by means of which exercises carried out at different times and under different circumstances are comparable with each other.

Abstract: Exercise data apparatus for use on the body of a user during exercise, includes an electrocardiogram detector for detecting electrocardiogram data of the user during exercise; an attachment device for attaching the electrocardiogram detector onto the chest of the user; a motion detector for detecting body motion data indicative of steps of the user during exercise; a processor for calculating exercise data based on the electrocardiogram data detected by the electrocardiogram detector and the body motion data detected by the motion detector, the exercise data including at least one of heart rate, speed and distance, and calorie consumption of the user; and an output device for informing the user of the exercise data calculated.

Abstract: Methods and devices for comprising: obtaining an estimated heart rate training zone for a user; measuring the pulse rate of the user; and performing a plurality of computerized talk tests, such that a higher number of computerized talk tests are performed when the measured pulse rate is more in the vicinity of the estimated heart rate training zone than outside the vicinity of the estimated heart rate training zone. Other embodiments include devices for controlling an exercise program, comprising: an interface to an element configured to play auditory signals, and an interface to an element configured to record a user's speech in accordance with the auditory signals; wherein the device is configured to provide an indication upon identifying involuntary interruptions in the user's speech.

Abstract: System for effective training heart rate zone determination, the system comprising: -a training module adapted to determine target training heart rate zone based on at least one stored parameter; -at least one sensor for measuring core temperature of a user's body during training; -at least one sensor for measuring a user's heart rate during training; -a compensation module, which is arranged for compensating the target training heart rate zone based on said core temperature; -an indicating module adapted to compare the users heart rate to an effective training heart rate zone based on information from the compensation module and to inform the user when the heart rate exceeds or drops under the effective training heart rate zone. The invention further relates to use of such a system.

Abstract: A system and method for the efficient implementation of a complex exercise test is disclosed. A rule interpreter synthesizes interpretation statements based upon the processing of collected physiological data and user entered data with a series of exercise test interpretation rules. These statements aid a clinician in interpreting exercise test results by identifying detected abnormal or borderline conditions.

Abstract: A heart rate meter for measuring the heart rate of a living body includes a heart rate variation detecting unit 5 for measuring the variation of the heart rate determined from a heart beat waveform, and a heart rate error detecting and correcting unit 6 for detecting an error of heart rate on the basis of the trend of the heart rate variation and correcting the heart rate error being detected. The heart rate error detecting and correcting unit 6 includes a heart rate error detecting unit 6A for detecting an error of the heart rate variation as a heart rate error on the basis of the trend of the heart rate variation, and a heart rate error correcting unit 6B for correcting the error of heart rate according to the detection of the heart rate error. An accurate heart rate is acquired even if main components of the heart beats are lost because of a large noise due to body movement, or the like.

Abstract: A system for increasing the fitness level of a fitness enthusiast. The system includes a personalized set of intensity zones corresponding to increasing levels of exercise intensity. The personalization of the system is accomplished through determining a threshold level based on oxygen consumption or a numerical rating of perception of effort or lactate or metabolism that is unique to each individual. From this determination, an anchor point is created upon which the heart rate values for each of eight zones is based. Each zone corresponds to a multiplier that when factored in to the amount time spent in each zone by the individual, yields a total training load value.

Abstract: In an exercise machine, when a measurement starts, an electrocardiographic signal is detected by an electrocardiographic sensor 1 (ST33), a load drive is started (ST4), and heartbeat rate intervals of the electrocardiographic signal are sequentially obtained. A fluctuation of heartbeat rate intervals PI(n) % is obtained from a calculation formula in which the RR interval RR(n+1) of the current heartbeat is subtracted from the RR interval RR(n) of the previous heartbeat, which is then divided by RR(n) and multiplied by 100% (ST5). Entropy is calculated from 128 pieces of such PI (ST6). From the change of the entropy under the gradually increasing load (ST8), a minimum point of the entropy is obtained, which point is designated as an anaerobic threshold point (ST7). The load of the exercise machine is controlled employing this anaerobic threshold.

Abstract: A heartbeat information acquiring apparatus comprises an electrode unit comprising a pair of chest electrodes attached to a main unit belt, a heartbeat detecting unit for detecting a heartbeat signal based on a cardio-potential produced between the pair of chest electrodes, an arithmetic and control unit, and a reporting unit. The arithmetic and control unit comprises a heartbeat rate computing means for computing a heart rate by processing the heartbeat signal, control means for controlling the reporting unit to allow the reporting unit to report heartbeat information to the user, and the arithmetic and control unit is attached to the main unit belt by being accommodated in the main unit case.

Abstract: A procedure for the detection of stress state is disclosed, wherein ambulatory heart beat signal is measured. In the first phase segments are defined from heart beat signal with a chosen rule for segmentation. Then at least one segment describing a physiological state with elevated cardiac activity due to physical workload and/or increased metabolic rate is identified and excluded, if exists, and segments other than the excluded segments are detected for a potential stress state, which is identified using a predetermined rule for the heart beat signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing an individual's physiological condition are provided. Cycle and shape parameters are derived from a recorded time trace containing heart rate data collected while an individual performs a cyclic exercise routine. Individually tailored exercise regimens that are based on these parameters are generated and modified as desired.

Abstract: An exercise monitoring system which includes an electronic positioning device; a physiological monitor; and a display unit configured for displaying data provided by said electronic positioning device and said physiological monitor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing an individual's physiological condition are provided. Cycle and shape parameters are derived from a recorded time trace containing heart rate data collected while an individual performs a cyclic exercise routine. Individually tailored exercise regimens that are based on these parameters are generated and modified as desired.

Abstract: An exercise load intensity evaluation device includes a pulse wave detection section which is attached to a subject during exercise and noninvasively detects a peripheral pulse wave. An ejection duration calculation section measures ejection duration from a feature of the pulse wave (dicrotic notch, for example) which reflects the cardiac ejection duration based on the detected pulse wave. The ejection duration measured at each measurement time by the ejection duration calculation section is input to an ejection duration change detection section, and the ejection duration change detection section detects a change in the ejection duration. Exercise load intensity of the subject during exercise is evaluated based on output from the ejection duration change detection section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heart rate monitor. The essential point of the invention is that a display element (201) of a display (20) of the heart rate monitor for displaying a settable minimum limit for a heart rate level is located at a first end (211) of a display element unit (210) controlled according to the heart rate level, on the same side of the display as the first end of the display element unit. Similarly, a display element (202) for displaying a settable maximum limit for a heart rate level is located at a second end (220) of the display element unit (210), on the same side of the display as the second end of the display element unit.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for estimating a stress level dependent parameter on a person that measures a person's heart rate, calculates a derivative of the measured heart rate, and estimates a value for a stress level dependent parameter by using the calculated heart rate derivative.

Abstract: A biatrial and/or biventricular pacing system is used in a diagnostic context. By placing a pacing/sensing lead in three or four chambers of the heart, various conduction sequences can be determined and the originating chamber of various arrhythmias can be identified. This information is stored temporarily in the pacemaker until it is extracted for analysis.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing an individual's physiological condition are provided. Cycle and shape parameters are derived from a recorded time trace containing heart rate data collected while an individual performs a cyclic exercise routine. Individually tailored exercise regimens that are based on these parameters are generated and modified as desired.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing an individual's physiological condition are provided. Cycle and shape parameters are derived from a recorded time trace containing heart rate data collected while an individual performs a cyclic exercise routine. Individually tailored exercise regimens that are based on these parameters are generated and modified as desired.

Abstract: Various methods and devices for treating a patient who has lost, or is at risk of losing cardiac function by cardiac ischemia are disclosed. Treatment includes first imaging a patient's heart, or a portion thereof, to identify underperfused regions of cardiac muscle, and a source of oxygenated blood that is proximate to the underperfused region. Between the underperfused regions and the oxygenated blood source, a target area is selected where thermal or mechanical injury is introduced, and optionally reintroduced, to convert initial capillary blush, resulting from the injury.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically adjusting the operating parameters of a rate-adaptive cardiac pacemaker in which maximum exertion levels attained by the patient are measured at periodic intervals and stored. The stored maximum exertion levels may then be used to update a long-term maximal exertion level, and the slope of the rate-response curve is adjusted to map the updated long-term maximal exertion level to a maximum allowable pacing rate. In accordance with the invention, the rate response curve is defined such that an exertion level corresponding to the patient's maximum exercise capacity would be mapped to a physiologically favorable maximum rate that is independent from a specified maximum sensor indicated rate.

Abstract: An exercise monitoring system which includes an electronic positioning device; a physiological monitor; and a display unit configured for displaying data provided by said electronic positioning device and said physiological monitor.

Abstract: While detecting a missing section from a biological signal acquired from a human body and while storing the biological signal values obtained at n (where n is a natural number) consecutive points in time, weighted addition is conducted on the biological signal values obtained at n points in time. In outputting its result as a final biological signal, the biological signal value at each of points in time included in the missing section is changed to an average value of the biological signal values at points in time which are not in the missing section.

Abstract: A method of assessing cardiac ischemia in a subject to provide a measure of cardiac or cardiovascular health in that subject is described herein. The method comprises the steps of: (a) collecting a first RR-interval data set from the subject during a stage of gradually increasing heart rate (e.g., a stage of gradually increasing exercise load); (b) collecting a second RR-interval data set from the subject during a stage of gradually decreasing heart rate (e.g., a stage of gradually decreasing exercise load); (c) comparing the first RR-interval data set to the second RR-interval data set to determine the difference between the data sets; and (d) generating from the comparison of step (c) a measure of cardiac ischemia during exercise in the subject. A greater difference between the first and second data sets indicates greater cardiac ischemia and lesser cardiac or cardiovascular health in the subject.

Abstract: A dual frequency transmitter, for use in remote monitoring of the heart rate of a living animal or human body, emits a first radio signal having a frequency of about 5 KHz and a second radio signal having a frequency substantially greater than 5 KHz. The dual frequency transmitter is preferably incorporated into personal property of the user, such as a wristwatch.

Abstract: A heart rate measuring arrangement for controlling a recovery exercise of a person from a fitness exercise which measures the heart rate, forms control information, and displays the formed control information so that the recovery exercise is performed at a controlled heart rate level.

Abstract: In a method of noninvasive measurement of parameters of diastolic function of left ventricle and automated evaluation of the measured profile at rest and with exercise, a patient performs an isometric exercise. An external pressure sensor and heart sounds microphone are applied in a non-invasive manner on the thoracic wall to obtain a left ventricular pressure mirroring curve (pressocardiogram) and simultaneously the heart sounds (phonocardiogram). An external unit determines and calculates characteristic diastolic parameters derived from the pressocardiographic curve and phonocardiogram at rest, during and after exercise, converts each said pressocardiogram into a digital waveform in the time domain, and automatically categorizes the mentioned characteristic parameters based on exact categorization criteria for defining several differentialforms of diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle in human beings.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for performing implementing external data into an implantable medical device. A first stress test is performed using an external sensor. External data resulting from the initial stress test is acquired. An external data injection process is performed. The external data injection process includes providing the external data to the implantable medical device. A second stress test is performed, the second stress test being substantially similar to the first stress test. Internal data resulting from the second stress test is acquired. Internal data resulting from the second stress test along with the external data resulting from the first stress test, are processed.

Abstract: In an exercise machine, when a measurement starts, an electrocardiographic signal is detected by an electrocardiographic sensor 1 (ST33), a load drive is started (ST4), and heartbeat rate intervals of the electrocardiographic signal are sequentially obtained. A fluctuation of heartbeat rate intervals PI(n) % is obtained from a calculation formula in which the RR interval RR(n+1) of the current heartbeat is subtracted from the RR interval RR(n) of the previous heartbeat, which is then divided by RR(n) and multiplied by 100% (ST5). Entropy is calculated from 128 pieces of such PI (ST6). From the change of the entropy under the gradually increasing load (ST8), a minimum point of the entropy is obtained, which point is designated as an anaerobic threshold point (ST7). The load of the exercise machine is controlled employing this anaerobic threshold.

Abstract: An arrangement for detecting a heart beat and calculating heart rate on the basis of the detected heart beats, comprising means for measuring an EKG signal from a person's hands, a computer for detecting a heart beat from the measured signal and for performing a rationality analysis to verify a heart beat detection and for calculating the heart rate on the basis of the detected heart beats, the arrangement further comprising means for displaying the calculated heart rate and connected to the computer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pace control device comprising a chest belt sensor device and a data receiver. When the chest belt sensor device is attached to the chest of the user, the acceleration sensor measures the workout paces, and the heart rate sensor circuit measures the heart rate. These measures are sent to the microprocessor to be encoded by an ID coded protocol and then transmitted by the wireless transmitter circuit to the data receiver. The data receiver comprises a wireless receiver circuit, a monitor, and a microprocessor with the same ID coded protocol as in the chest belt sensor device. The data receiver obtains the data on the heart rate and the workout paces and displays the information on the monitor so that the user can adjust their working at an optimum level.

Abstract: A caloric exercise monitor and method for monitoring a person's caloric expenditure during exercising. The caloric exercise monitor generally includes a means for measuring the person's heart rate during exercise, an input device for enabling the person to enter an exercise goal, a calculating unit including a mathematical algorithm for calculating a caloric expenditure rate of the person during exercise based on the measured heart rate and a display for displaying an exercise parameter necessary to reach the entered exercise goal based on the calculated caloric expenditure rate. The displayed exercise parameter can be either or both the calories remaining to be expended to reach the entered goal or the remaining exercise time required to reach the entered goal.

Abstract: In an exercise machine, when a measurement starts, an electrocardiographic signal is detected by an electrocardiographic sensor 1 (ST33), a load drive is started (ST4), and heartbeat rate intervals of the electrocardiographic signal are sequentially obtained. A fluctuation of heartbeat rate intervals PI(n)% is obtained from a calculation formula in which the RR interval RR(n+1) of the current heartbeat is subtracted from the RR interval RR(n) of the previous heartbeat, which is then divided by RR(n) and multiplied by 100% (ST5). Entropy is calculated from 128 pieces of such PI (ST6). From the change of the entropy under the gradually increasing load (ST8), a minimum point of the entropy is obtained, which point is designated as an anaerobic threshold point (ST7). The load of the exercise machine is controlled employing this anaerobic threshold.

Abstract: A heart rate monitoring system for visually indicating to an individual during a workout session the status of their heart rate relative to a desired heart rate. The heart rate monitoring system includes a floor mat having a first light, a second light and a third light within thereof electronically connected to a control unit for controlling the lighting of the lights. A chest unit is attachable to a body of an individual to determine the current heart rate of the user and then transmits via a signal the heart rate data to the control unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing an individual's physiological condition are provided. Cycle and shape parameters are derived from a recorded time trace containing heart rate data collected while an individual performs a cyclic exercise routine. Individually tailored exercise regimens that are based on these parameters are generated and modified as desired.

Abstract: A heart rate monitor and methods for monitoring a user's heart rate, which enable the monitor to be used under different sets of exercise and physiological parameters or profiles without reprogramming between different profiles. The exercise parameters include an exercise type, a day of the week, a time, a user's name, a level of difficulty, and physiological parameters of the user including height, weight, age, and level of fitness. A sensor detects the user's heartbeat, and an input device enables the user to enter information to be associated with each of a plurality of exercise profiles. A memory device stores the profiles, and an indicating device provides a sensory indication of when the user is outside a target heart rate zone. The profiles may be uploaded from a computer and information obtained during the profiles may be downloaded for additional review, analysis, and processing.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing an individual's physiological condition are provided. Cycle and shape parameters are derived from a recorded time trace containing heart rate data collected while an individual performs a cyclic exercise routine. individually tailored exercise regimens that are based on these parameters are generated and modified as desired.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing an individual's physiological condition are provided. Cycle and shape parameters are derived from a recorded time trace containing heart rate data collected while an individual performs a cyclic exercise routine. Individually tailored exercise regimens that are based on these parameters are generated and modified as desired.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing an individual's physiological condition are provided. Cycle and shape parameters are derived from a recorded time trace containing heart rate data collected while an individual performs a cyclic exercise routine. Individually tailored exercise regimens that are based on these parameters are generated and modified as desired.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing an individual's physiological condition are provided. Cycle and shape parameters are derived from a recorded time trace containing heart rate data collected while an individual performs a cyclic exercise routine. Individually tailored exercise regimens that are based on these parameters are generated and modified as desired.

Abstract: A gas analysis apparatus, and a method for calibrating it and for compensating measurement errors, are disclosed. This method and apparatus are particularly suited for use during a cardipulmonary exercise test by a test subject. The oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations of the subject's breath are measured, and errors are compensated based on the results of previous calibration. These compensated measurements, as well as other physiological data monitored during the cardiopulmonary exercise test quantities calculated from these measurements, are presented as a series of graphs in a logical order to enhance their diagnostic and prognostic value. A facemask and headstraps are adapted for use with the gas analysis apparatus. The facemask possesses a plurality of pins fitting into corresponding holes in the headstraps, and the headstraps possess quick-release attachment means to provide for quickly securing the face mask to or removing it from a subject.

Abstract: A method of assessing cardiac ischemia in a subject to provide a measure of cardiac or cardiovascular health in that subject is described herein. The method comprises the steps of: (a) collecting a first RR-interval data set from the subject during a stage of gradually increasing heart rate (e.g., a stage of gradually increasing exercise load); (b) collecting a second RR-interval data set from the subject during a stage of gradually decreasing heart rate (e.g., a stage of gradually decreasing exercise load); (c) comparing the first RR-interval data set to the second RR-interval data set to determine the difference between the data sets; and (d) generating from the comparison of step (c) a measure of cardiac ischemia during exercise in the subject. A greater difference between the first and second data sets indicates greater cardiac ischemia and lesser cardiac or cardiovascular health in the subject.

Abstract: A wrist-based fitness monitoring watch which uses a lap sensing device and a step or a stroke sensing device for detecting movement. In response to the output of a micro controller, information is displayed concerning the number of laps completed, the distance completed, and the time. Also included is a wireless heart rate transfer system which is provided through the micro controller in order to provide heart rate indicators during movement of the user. The lap measurement is based on a synchronization between a heading direction from the lap sensing device and the step/stroke frequency in order to provide the lap count, as well as the distance traveled and the time. Each of these items are accomplished on a wrist based monitoring system which does not require periodic intervention by the user. The system is able to provide split times without the requiring of continual pressing of the start/stop button either before or after a running or swimming event.

Abstract: A method for estimating the efficiency of a patient's body, and specifically for estimating the efficiency of a patient's body while undergoing different cardiac therapies. Acceleration and heart rates of the patient are measured while undergoing various therapies. The acceleration—heart rate ratio for each therapy is calculated. The ratios for each therapy are compared and the therapy that has the highest acceleration—heart rate ratio is determined to be the most efficient. The most efficient therapy allows the patient to have the most acceleration with the lowest corresponding heart rate.

Abstract: A therapeutic exercise program for treating a patient whose abnormal condition, regardless of its nature and origin, is indicated by a resting heart pulse rate that deviates from the normal resting rate and a maximum heart pulse rate obtainable by physical exertion that deviates from the normal maximum rate, i.e., compromised range and flexibility. At the outset of the program, the patient is tested to determine his initial heart pulse range extending between his resting and maximum heart pulse rates to provide a base line for the program. In the course of the program, the patient whose heart beat is continuously monitored while exercising, undergoes a series of exercise-relaxation cycles. During each cycle, the exercising patient expends a surge of energy giving rise to a high pulse peak rate, the patient then relaxing to complete the cycle.

Abstract: A gas analysis apparatus, and a method for calibrating it and for compensating measurement errors, are disclosed. This method and apparatus are particularly suited for use during a cardiopulmonary exercise test by a test subject. The oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations of the subject's breath are measured, and errors are compensated based on the results of previous calibration. These compensated measurements, as well as other physiological data monitored during the cardiopulmonary exercise test quantities calculated from these measurements, are presented as a series of graphs in a logical order to enhance their diagnostic and prognostic value. A facemask and headstraps are adapted for use with the gas analysis apparatus. The facemask possesses a plurality of pins fitting into corresponding holes in the headstraps, and the headstraps possess quick-release attachment means to provide for quickly securing the face mask to or removing it from a subject.