Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to thrombectomy devices. An exemplary catheter comprises: a central tube; an emitter assembly mounted over the central tube, wherein the emitter assembly comprises: a conductive sheath; a first insulated wire having a first curved distal portion; and a second insulated wire having a second curved distal portion, wherein the first curved distal portion and the second curved distal portion are positioned within the conductive sheath, and wherein the emitter assembly is configured to generate a plurality of cavitation bubbles or shockwaves when a pulsed voltage is applied to the emitter assembly; and an outer tube housing the emitter assembly, wherein the outer tube is configured to receive a conductive fluid, wherein the outer tube comprises a distal opening for releasing the plurality of cavitation bubbles or shockwaves and the conductive fluid in a forward direction to treat thrombus at a treatment site.

Abstract: Devices and methods for intraocular fluid injection are disclosed. A device can include a surgical instrument for an ophthalmic procedure. The surgical instrument can include a handle. A fluid compartment can be coupled to the handle and configured to hold a substance. A tool can be coupled to the distal end of the handle and have a lumen configured to convey the substance into an intraocular site of a patient. A piston can be in the handle and configured to reciprocate along the longitudinal axis of the handle to draw the substance from the fluid compartment and eject the substance through the lumen of the tool. A push button can be on the lateral side of the housing and configured to engage the piston via a sloped surface to actuate a forward stroke of the piston towards the distal end of the handle.

Abstract: A medicament delivery device may comprise a medicament chamber configured to hold a medicament, a plunger configured to move relative to the medicament chamber to expel the medicament from the medicament chamber, a pin configured to move from a first pin position wherein the pin prevents movement of the plunger to a second pin position wherein the pin allows movement of the plunger, an actuation assembly configured to move the pin from the first pin position to the second pin position, and a needle coupled to the medicament chamber. The medicament may flow through the needle from the medicament chamber to a user. The actuation assembly may be configured to automatically move the pin after a predetermined time delay.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surgical system for cutting an anatomical structure (F, T) of a patient according to at least one target plane defined in a coordinate system of the anatomical structure, comprising: i) a robotic device (100) comprising: —a cutting tool, —an actuation unit (4) comprising from three to five motorized degrees of freedom, said actuation unit comprising at least one portion having a parallel architecture comprising a base (40) and a platform (41) selectively orientable relative to the base (40) according to at least two of said motorized degrees of freedom, —a planar mechanism (24) connecting a terminal part of the actuation unit (4) to the cutting tool (2), ii) a passive articulated lockable holding arm (51) supporting the actuation unit, iii) a tracking unit (200) configured to determine in real time the pose of the cutting plane with respect to the coordinate system of the anatomical structure, iv) a control unit (300) configured to determine the pose of the cutting plane with respec

Abstract: A wearable drug delivery device includes an injector having a housing, a reservoir, a needle or cannula, a drive mechanism for urging drug product out of the reservoir, through the needle or cannula, and to a patient, and an activator mechanism disposed on a surface of the housing for activating the drive mechanism. An activation prevention mechanism is coupled to the injector housing and/or activation prevention mechanism to prevent inadvertent actuation of the activator mechanism.

Abstract: A nozzle and an ear cleaning device are disclosed. The nozzle includes: a main body, where the main body is provided with a first hole portion penetrating in a front-rear direction; and a housing, where the housing is connected to the main body and surrounding a periphery of the main body, the housing is provided with a guide portion and a plurality of drainage portions, the guide portion has an outer diameter gradually increasing from a front end of the main body to a rear end of the main body, the plurality of drainage portions are arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction of the housing, and each of the drainage portions is communicated with the front end of the main body and extends from the front end of the main body toward the rear end of the main body.

Abstract: A portable trans anal irrigation device has a hand-held water management unit removably connectable to an irrigation arm. The water management unit includes a water cartridge and a controller. The irrigation arm has a cone head for interfacing with the user's body.

Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques and devices for improvement of surgical outcomes for tissue removal surgeries. A surgical instrument with adjustable and selective resection is described. The disclosed devices and methods allow selective tissue removal.

Abstract: A system and method to irrigate a user's auditory canal. A fluid can be dispensed from a reservoir through a fluid path and out through openings of a delivery element into the auditory canal. A pump may be used to facilitate the process of dispensing the fluid. The fluid can be delivered to the user's auditory canal for a predetermined period of time. Such a time period may be user selectable. The discharge from the irrigation is removed from the user's auditory canal via a discharge port located on the delivery element. The discharge exits the delivery element and proceeds to a discharge reservoir via a discharge path. A vacuum may be used to generate a negative pressure to facilitate the removal of the discharge from the auditory canal.

Abstract: Methods for clearing of fecal matter the wall of a colon or other body lumen for diagnostic inspection, the methods being adapted to clearing of fecal matter comprised of particles of various sizes and compositions. Methods are further adapted for application in patients who have undergone a restricted scope of preparation to reduce and/or remediate the particle structure of colon contents, or no preparation at all, before diagnostic inspection.

Abstract: A fluid delivery device comprises a drive unit including an actuator and one or more first features and a cartridge filled with a fluid prior to being inserted into the housing. The cartridge having a fluid reservoir sealed at one end by a movable piston and sealed at another end by a pierceable septum. The cartridge includes one or more second features that are configured to align and mate with the one or more first features allowing the cartridge to be inserted into the drive unit. The piston is moveable by the actuator once the cartridge is inserted into the drive unit.

Abstract: A substance delivery device includes an elongated tubular body having opposing proximal and distal ends, and a diaphragm that is in slideable sealing engagement with an inside wall of the tubular body. The diaphragm is movable in opposite first and second directions within the tubular body. A substance is contained within the tubular body between the diaphragm and the tubular body distal end, and a slave fluid is contained within the tubular body between the diaphragm and the tubular body proximal end. When pressure is exerted on the slave fluid, the slave fluid causes the diaphragm to move and eject the substance through the tubular body distal end.

Abstract: A pipette includes a movable piston and a diaphragm that at least partly defines a fluid chamber enclosing a volume of working fluid. The piston displaces a volumetric amount of the working fluid in the chamber when moved. In response, the diaphragm displaces a smaller volumetric amount of fluid outside the chamber. A deamplification ratio is defined by the ratio of the volume displaced by the diaphragm to the volume displaced by the piston. The deamplification ratio is adjustable by adjusting or changing the diaphragm and/or by adjusting the size of the fluid chamber. The deamplifying pipette enables measuring and dispensing of very small volumes of liquid and is easily adapted to commercially available pipette components. Pipette components such as a pipette tip or adaptor may include a diaphragm to enable deamplification of the nominal volume capacity of a given pipette device.

Abstract: A device for cleaning a toothbrush, attachable to a faucet expelling water in a first direction, the device including: an adapter mountable on a water expelling end of the faucet; and a cylindrical cleaning element in fluid flow communication with the adapter and disposed, when the adapter is mounted on the faucet, in a direction transverse to the first direction, the cylindrical cleaning element including a cylindrical housing and a water expelling cylindrical element, disposed within the cylindrical housing and including multiple rows of circumferentially disposed nozzles for expelling water jets, the water expelling cylindrical element defining an interior space accessible via circular portal at an end thereof, wherein when water is expelled from the faucet, at least some water is directed in the transverse direction and expelled through the nozzles in the water expelling cylindrical element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drug delivery device, comprising a control unit, a drive unit, a pressurizing medium container arranged to contain a pressurizing liquid, a drug container arranged to contain a drug and a discharge nozzle, wherein the drive unit when controlled and energized by the control unit is arranged to generate a pressure gradient in the pressurizing liquid thereby propagating the pressure to the drug container and at least partially displacing the drug from the drug container through the discharge nozzle, wherein the drive unit is arranged as an electro-osmotic actor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug delivery device comprising a drug reservoir chamber (15) containing a substance (16) to be delivered in fluid connection with a drug administration means (17) and (18), and a hydraulic control chamber (9) containing an electrically controlled, non-gassing, volume changing means (13), a coupling means (14) coupling said hydraulic control chamber (9) to said drug chamber (15), the arrangement being such that a change in the electrical control means (11) causes a change in the volume of the volume changing means (13), the volume change being conveyed by the coupling means (14) to the drug chamber (15) such that the substance (16) is expelled from the drug chamber (15) towards the drug administration means (17) and (18).

Abstract: A drug delivery device includes a cylindrical casing which has two openings on opposite sides, a lid which has an air inflow hole and is joined at one end of the cylindrical casing so as to close one of the openings. An internal space, in which an inflating agent and a drug are sealed while being separated from each other, is formed by at least the cylindrical casing and the lid, the internal space communicates with the air inflow hole and a delivery hole through which the drug is delivered, the inflating agent is formed of a material which is mainly composed of iron, iron oxide is produced by at least oxygen in the inflow air, which causes the inflating agent to be inflated, and as the inflating agent is inflated, the drug is delivered through the delivery hole.

Abstract: Fluid delivery and measurement systems and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to methods and systems for the treatment of pelvic tissues using a high pressure injection device to deliver a therapeutic composition that includes a large molecule therapeutic agent, such as a nucleic acid or a polypeptide, to a target tissue in the pelvic area. Methods of the invention can improve delivery of the therapeutic agent into the tissue, which can be beneficial for the treatment of a pelvic tissue disorder, such as bladder and prostate tumors.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for transmucosal drug delivery. The transmucosal drug delivery device may include a housing configured for intralumenal deployment, such as intravaginally, into a human or animal subject; a drug-dispensing portion which contains at least one drug, the drug-dispensing portion being configured to dispense the drug from the housing by positive displacement; and a permeability enhancer-dispensing portion configured to release or generate a permeability enhancing substance to disrupt at least one region of a mucosal barrier adjacent to the housing at a selected time while intralumenally deployed in the human or animal subject. The device may be operable to dispense the drug from the housing to a region of the mucosal barrier disrupted by the permeability enhancing substance.

Abstract: An at least partly implantable system for injecting a substance into a patient's body, in particular a penis erection stimulation system, comprises one or more long, flexibly bendable infusion needles, the tip ends of which are disposed within and implanted along with at least one first housing, in particular adjacent the patient's left and right corpora cavernosa. The respective other end or ends of the infusion needles are disposed and implanted along with at least one second housing remote from the first housing. A reservoir and a pump are also implanted inside the patient's body to supply the infusion needle with infusion liquid.

Abstract: An osmotic delivery system is disclosed for delivering an active agent formulation to a fluid environment. The osmotic delivery system typically comprises a reservoir having a lumen that contains the active agent formulation and an osmotic agent formulation and a piston assembly positioned in the lumen to isolate the active agent formulation from the osmotic agent formulation. The piston assembly typically comprises a body constructed and arranged for positioning in the lumen. The body is typically made of a polymeric material that is, for example, resistant to leaching in an organic solvent. In one embodiment, the body is a columnar body having a rim at a distal end thereof for engaging and sealing against a wall of the reservoir and the piston assembly further comprises a spring retained at the distal end of the columnar body for biasing the rim of the columnar body against the wall of the reservoir.

Abstract: Described herein are medical fluid infusion systems for pumping a fluid to a patient, such as in a hospital environment. In one aspect, disclosed is an infusion system including a drive assembly having a drive fluid reservoir and a drive mechanism configured to apply a force to drive fluid from the drive fluid reservoir through a length of tubing. The infusion system includes a hydraulic assembly having a first fluid chamber having an inlet port configured to be in fluid communication with the length of tubing and a second fluid chamber having an outlet port configured to be in fluid communication with a patient extension set and a flexible movable divider sealing the first fluid chamber from the second fluid chamber. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: A fluid delivery device includes an automatic needle retraction mechanism configured to automatically retract a delivery end of a needle into a housing. In one embodiment, the needle assembly is configured to automatically withdraw the delivery end of the needle into the housing upon an actuator moving from the first position to the second position. In one embodiment, the needle assembly is configured to automatically withdraw the delivery end of the needle into the housing upon decoupling a bottom surface of the housing from a skin surface.

Abstract: A low profile and volumetrically efficient medication delivery device configured to be placed on the body of a patient during fluid delivery to the patient is provided. The device incorporates a low profile actuator assembly that causes fluid delivery by displacing a collapsible reservoir in response to receiving an electrical current or charge input from a programmable controller and a power supply. Additional components help prevent drug theft or abuse, measure actuator pressure, displacement and temperature in real time providing active feedback to the controller that is controlling the actuator. The device also has wireless communication capabilities.

Abstract: A direct stream hydrodynamic catheter system is provided for the removal of thrombus, lesions and the like including provisions for the infusion of drugs, lysing fluids and the like into a blood vessel. Physician controlled powered direct fluid jet streams emanate from a fluid jet emanatory in the form of robust radially directed fluid jet streams to impinge upon and ablate difficult and strong thrombus and lesions within a blood vessel. Effluent aspiration is controlled by an exhaust regulator in the form of a roller pump, but effluent removal can be assistingly influenced by the fluid pressure associated with the radially directed fluid jet streams.

Abstract: A fluid delivery device includes an automatic needle retraction mechanism configured to automatically retract a delivery end of a needle into a housing. In one embodiment, the needle assembly is configured to automatically withdraw the delivery end of the needle into the housing upon an actuator moving from the first position to the second position. In one embodiment, the needle assembly is configured to automatically withdraw the delivery end of the needle into the housing upon decoupling a bottom surface of the housing from a skin surface.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide wearable automatic injection devices for administering a therapeutic agent to a patient's body at fast, controlled rates, for example, in a single fast bolus. Exemplary embodiments also provide methods for assembling wearable automatic injection devices for administering a therapeutic agent to a patient at fast, controlled rates. Exemplary embodiments also provide methods for using wearable automatic injection devices for administering a therapeutic agent to a patient at fast, controlled rates.

Abstract: Devices and methods for delivering a therapeutic agent produced via a genetically-altered chondrocyte are provided. More specifically, the device includes a housing which defines a cell chamber configured to retain a large volume of chondrocytes while selectively releasing therapeutic agents produced via these entrapped cells. In an exemplary embodiment, the cell chamber can be configured such that a portion of cells can be positioned at least about 1.5 mm from an external wall of the device (i.e., about 1.5 mm away from an external nutrient supply). For example, the cell chamber can have a tubular configuration having a length and a diameter wherein each of these dimensions is at least about 3 mm (thereby the central core to the chamber is at least about 1.5 mm from the outer wall of the device).

Abstract: The present invention may provide devices suitable for insertion into a body passage. The devices may include a conduit and a distal head region located at the distal end of said conduit. A plurality of apertures on the surface of said head region and conduit may be used to direct a liquid spray outwards from said device. The apertures may be designed and spatially arranged such that when the device is inserted into a body passage, the liquid spray emitted from said apertures may be capable of both reducing the frictional contact between the device and the walls of said passage and of cleansing said passage of undesired solid and other particulate matter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an implantation device for implanting a sensor element for detecting at least one analyte in a bodily fluid or body tissue. The implantation device comprises at least one cannula for piercing a skin surface of a patient. The cannula has at least one holding area for holding the sensor element. The implantation device furthermore has at least one hydraulic container, connected to the cannula, for holding a hydraulic fluid and at least one pressure generation device. The pressure generation device is designed to apply pressure to the hydraulic fluid, wherein the sensor element can be transferred from the cannula into the body tissue using the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a syringe, particularly an anesthetic syringe, having a longitudinally displaceable feeding piston disposed over a first hydraulic chamber, and a second hydraulic chamber, wherein the first and second hydraulic chambers are connected by means of a first control element for regulating resistance, wherein the first control element can be actuated by a switch element, wherein the first control element comprises a first check valve.

Abstract: A dispenser using a stopcock valve has a first and second chamber. The first chamber has a flow material and is pressurized with air. The first chamber is connected to a stopcock valve that holds a second chamber which has a pressure sensor when the stopcock valve is rotated to the proper orientation. The stopcock valve is then rotated to a dispensing position where the flow material is dispensed under pressure to an outlet. By using the air pressure sensor and by taking into consideration the volume of the second chamber, the amount of flow of material can be dosed out consistently.

Abstract: A fluid delivery device comprises a housing having a fluid reservoir. A needle is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir in an engaged position and out of fluid communication with the fluid reservoir in armed and storage positions. A proximal end of a biasing member is coupled to the housing and a distal end of the biasing member is configured to deliver a force to the fluid reservoir. A piston member extends through the biasing member and is coupled to the distal end of the biasing member. The piston member is fixed with respect to the housing in a locked position such that the biasing member does not deliver the force to the fluid reservoir and moveable with respect to the housing in a released position such that the biasing member delivers the force to the fluid reservoir. Transitioning the needle from the storage position to the armed position transitions the piston from the locked position to the released position.

Abstract: A medical fluid injector, replaceable syringe, and coupling mechanism to engage the syringe plunger to the plunger drive ram of the injector are provided wherein coupling involves a cam cleat-like mechanism, thereby allowing for cooperative movement between the plunger drive ram and syringe plunger. The coupling mechanism of the plunger drive ram is provided with first and second movable members, each having toothed, arcuate surfaces, while the coupling mechanism of the syringe plunger is provided with a knurled cavity. Disengagement of the coupling mechanism is facilitated by translational movement of a face plate located on the forward end of the injector housing.

Abstract: Remote controls, including a communication device, a button or other communication device actuator and a movable structure that allows actuation of the actuator in one position and prevents actuation of the actuator in another position to prevent inadvertent signal transmission.

Abstract: The present invention may provide devices suitable for insertion into a body passage. The devices may include a conduit and a distal head region located at the distal end of said conduit. A plurality of apertures on the surface of said head region and conduit may be used to direct a liquid spray outwards from said device. The apertures may be designed and spatially arranged such that when the device is inserted into a body passage, the liquid spray emitted from said apertures may be capable of both reducing the frictional contact between the device and the walls of said passage and of cleansing said passage of undesired solid and other particulate matter.

Abstract: A delivery device includes a durable housing portion and a separable disposable portion that selectively engage and disengage from each other. The disposable housing portion secures to the patient-user and may be disposed of after it has been in use for a prescribed period. Components that normally come into contact with a patient-user or with infusion medium are supported by the disposable housing portion, while the durable housing portion supports other components such as electronics and a drive device. A reservoir is supported by the disposable housing portion and has a moveable plunger that operatively couples to the drive device, when the disposable and durable housing portions are engaged.

Abstract: A system consisting of a hand-piece with a lever operated hydraulic pump and a fluid reservoir, a connecting tube and a remote connector which will seal to a syringe body which contains a viscous material. The pump expels fluid from the reservoir into the top of the syringe via the connecting tube where the fluid presses on the syringe plunger expelling the viscous material from the primary chamber of the syringe.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to methods and systems for the treatment of pelvic tissues using a high pressure injection device to deliver a therapeutic composition that includes a large molecule therapeutic agent, such as a nucleic acid or a polypeptide, to a target tissue in the pelvic area. Methods of the invention can improve delivery of the therapeutic agent into the tissue, which can be beneficial for the treatment of a pelvic tissue disorder, such as bladder and prostate tumors.

Abstract: There is provided a venting system for enteral feeding having a reflux bag in fluid communication with an enteral feeding site on a patient. The bag has a vent that relieves enteral pressure from the patient and is located within a bellows that compresses the refluc bag after the vent relieves. The system does not rely on gravity to urge the liquid in the reflux bag back to the patient so it may be used by sleeping patients who change positions. It may also be placed in a backpack so that the patient may be freed from having to remain seated or prone for long periods of time and can instead lead a more normal lifestyle.

Abstract: A device for irrigating cerumen from one's ear canal, which includes a universal adaptor affixed to the spout of a lavatory faucet (one which allows the cold and hot to be mixed); a flow line extending from the adaptor; a valve on the adaptor, which when opened allows for adjusting the temperature and force of flow by feeling the flow at a nozzle on the second end of the flow line; a cup for placement over the ear to contain the water flow; a double loop within the cup to mount a first loop to a tragus portion of the outer ears for directing fluid flow from the nozzle into the ear canals, a second loop engaged around a probe to limit the depth the nozzle is able to enter the ear canal; and a return line for returning water and debris collected from the ear canal into the lavatory.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide wearable automatic injection devices for subcutaneously injecting a therapeutic agent into a patient's body at controlled rates, for example, in a single bolus. Exemplary embodiments provide methods for assembling wearable automatic injection devices for subcutaneously injecting a therapeutic agent into a patient's body at controlled rates. Exemplary embodiments provide methods for using wearable automatic injection devices for subcutaneously injecting a therapeutic agent into a patient's body at controlled rates.

Abstract: A fluid delivery device includes an automatic needle retraction mechanism configured to automatically retract a delivery end of a needle into a housing. In one embodiment, the needle assembly is configured to automatically withdraw the delivery end of the needle into the housing upon an actuator moving from the first position to the second position. In one embodiment, the needle assembly is configured to automatically withdraw the delivery end of the needle into the housing upon decoupling a bottom surface of the housing from a skin surface.

Abstract: A device for delivering material to multiple surgical target locations includes a pressure reservoir selectably coupled to two or more outlets. Coupling the pressure reservoir to a given one of the outlets and pressurizing the pressure reservoir causes flowable material (e.g., bone filler material) to be dispensed from that outlet. A diverter for selectably coupling the pressure reservoir one of the outlets can be configured to trigger a pressure release valve for the pressure reservoir upon switching, thereby preventing unexpected or uncontrolled material delivery from the new outlet in response to sudden high pressure exposure.

Abstract: The invention relates to an implantation device for implanting a sensor element for detecting at least one analyte in a bodily fluid or body tissue. The implantation device comprises at least one cannula for piercing a skin surface of a patient. The cannula has at least one holding area for holding the sensor element. The implantation device furthermore has at least one hydraulic container, connected to the cannula, for holding a hydraulic fluid and at least one pressure generation device. The pressure generation device is designed to apply pressure to the hydraulic fluid, wherein the sensor element can be transferred from the cannula into the body tissue using the hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A penis erection stimulation system comprises one or more infusion needles, the tip ends of which are disposed within and implanted along with at least one first housing adjacent the patient's left and right corpora cavernosa. The respective other end or ends of the infusion needles are disposed and implanted along with at least one second housing remote from the first housing. A reservoir and a pump are also implanted inside the patient's body to supply the infusion needle with infusion liquid. A drive unit also adapted for implantation inside the patient's body is arranged for advancing and retracting the infusion needle such that its tip end penetrates the at least one first housing's outer wall at least in two different penetration areas either simultaneously or in immediate time succession, thereby injecting drugs into the patient's body for stimulating penis erection.

Abstract: An at least partly implantable system for injecting a substance into a patient's body, in particular a penis erection stimulation system, comprises one or more long, flexibly bendable infusion needles, the tip ends of which are disposed within and implanted along with at least one first housing, in particular adjacent the patient's left and right corpora cavernosa. The respective other end or ends of the infusion needles are disposed and implanted along with at least one second housing remote from the first housing. A reservoir and a pump are also implanted inside the patient's body to supply the infusion needle with infusion liquid.

Abstract: A microsyringe includes a body, a barrier movable within the body, and a flow regulator. The body includes a pressurizable chamber, an inlet fluidly connected to the pressurizable chamber, an outlet fluidly connected to the pressurizable chamber, and a cannula fluidly connected to the outlet. The flow regulator is fluidly connected to the cannula to limit the flow of a pharmaceutical through the cannula to a maximum rate. The movable barrier fluidly separates the inlet from the outlet. A pharmaceutical is disposed in a space between the movable barrier and the outlet. The inlet is designed to mechanically and fluidly couple to a hydraulic fluid delivery system. Hydraulic fluid from the inlet pressurizes the chamber, causing the barrier to move and displace the pharmaceutical out of the chamber and into the cannula. The movable barrier may be a piston or a collapsible membrane.

Abstract: An occlusion device for vascular surgery, suitable for clogging treatments of vascular entry sites and for endovascular interventions such as embolizations of blood vessels, treatment of arteriovenous malformations or small aneurysms, arterial dissections and the like, by releasing in an operation region a quick setting surgical glue or haemostatic fluid, through an outlet mouth of a duct. The device prevents the surgical glue from contacting within the duct a patient's biological fluids, in particular blood, which would close the duct. In the case of clogging treatments of vascular entry sites, a backflow preventing device may be provided, preferably provided by a coupling device between the duct and an introducer sheath by which an outlet mouth is kept in contact to keep in a one-way fluid tight contact against the outer surface of the introducer sheath until an injection pressure P2 is applied to cause release of the surgical glue.