Abstract: An extraction apparatus for heart pacemaker electrodes or defibrillator electrodes has an anchoring part which can be deformed using an actuating device from a displacement configuration into an expanded locking configuration. The anchoring part has a tube section with several wall cut-outs, which are offset in the axial direction and between which guide rings remain, which are connected by trough-shaped cross members. By exerting a tensile force on a control wire using the actuating device, the tube section is compressed and the trough-shaped cross members are deformed radially, so that they attain engagement with the inner lumen of the spiral helix of a heart pacemaker electrode cable or defibrillator electrode cable and, as a result of a spiral offset, bring about a positive locking, which permits high pull-out forces.

Abstract: A single-pass endocardial lead electrode adapted for implantation on or about the heart and for connection to a system for monitoring or stimulating cardiac activity including a lead body with a circumferential outer surface. The lead includes a first distal end electrode which has a first electrical conducting surface which is for positioning within the ventricle of the heart. The lead body also has a second electrode which has a second electrical conducting surface adapted for positioning within the atrium of the heart. Both of the first and the second electrodes are adapted for positioning and fixation to the wall. An active fixation element is used as part of the second electrode. The lead body also includes a curved portion which facilitates the positioning and fixing of the second electrode.

Abstract: A lead assembly adapted for endocardial fixation to a human heart is provided. The lead assembly includes a lead body that has a proximal end provided with a connector for electrical connection to a cardiac stimulator. The cardiac stimulator may be a pacemaker, a cardioverter/defibrillator, or a sensing instrument. The distal end of the lead body is connected to a tubular electrode housing. The lead body consists of one or more noncoiled conductor cables surrounded by a coextensive insulating sleeve. Each conductor cable consists of a conducting element covered by a coextensive insulating sleeve. The conducting element may be a single filament wire or a plurality of individual conductor wires. In contrast to conventional leads, the lead body of the present invention does not require coiled conductor wires. Lead body diameters of 1.04 mm or smaller are possible.

Abstract: A lead assembly adapted for endocardial fixation to a human heart is provided. The lead assembly includes a lead body that has a proximal end provided with a connector for electrical connection to a cardiac stimulator. The cardiac stimulator may be a pacemaker, a cardioverter/defibrillator, or a sensing instrument. The distal end of the lead body is connected to a tubular electrode housing. The lead body consists of one or more noncoiled conductor cables surrounded by a coextensive insulating sleeve. Each conductor cable consists of a conducting element covered by a coextensive insulating sleeve. The conducting element may be a single filament wire or a plurality of individual conductor wires. In contrast to conventional leads, the lead body of the present invention does not require coiled conductor wires. Lead body diameters of 1.04 mm or smaller are possible.

Abstract: A device permitting simple and reliable extraction of an object with a longitudinal inner lumen from its anchoring in a body, e.g. a cardiac pacemaker cable having an electrode cable with a spiral coil, has an actuation device (20) and an anchoring part (4). By turning an actuation sleeve (22) of the actuation device (20), a tractive force is applied to a cable (8) resting in a tube (11) in such a way that it can be moved in its longitudinal direction. On the distal end of the cable (8), there is a tiltable anchoring part (4, 5) with a cross section in the form of a parallelogram.

Abstract: A cardiac rhythm management system provides an endocardial cardiac rhythm management lead with an at least partially dissolvable coating at least partially on insulating portions of the lead body at or near its distal end. Upon dissolution, the coating promotes tissue ingrowth to secure the lead in place within fragile vascular structures or elsewhere. Dissolution of one such coating releases a therapeutic agent, such as a steroid that modifies the fibrotic scar tissue content of tissue ingrowth, such that the resulting bond between the tissue and the lead is weak, so that the lead can be easily extracted if desired. One such lead includes an insulating elongate body carrying at least. The lead also includes an at least partially dissolvable coating on an insulating portion of the peripheral distal lead surface. The coating provides one or more of a rough surface, a porous surface, or a swollen surface after being exposed to an aqueous substance.

Abstract: A lead assembly having a ring electrode is adapted for implant and for connection to a system for monitoring or stimulating cardiac activity. The lead assembly includes a first porous member disposed around the ring electrode at the distal end of the lead assembly, which can be used as a sensing or pacing interface with the cardiac tissue. In addition, a second porous member is disposed over the first porous member and is electrically coupled with the ring electrode.

Abstract: A medical electrical lead with a tip-ring assembly optimized to resist damage during extraction. The lead includes an elongated plastic tube and at least two elongated conductors mounted in the plastic tube. A tip-ring assembly is mounted to the distal end of the tube, the tip-ring assembly including a ring electrode coupled to one of the conductors, a tip electrode located distal to the ring electrode and coupled to another of the conductors and two molded plastic components separately fabricated of a plastic harder than the plastic tube, adhered to one another and together defining a circumferential groove in which the ring electrode is located and mechanically coupled to the tip electrode. The tip electrode may be provided with a proximally extending electrode shank covered by a tine sleeve which is fabricated of a plastic softer than the molded plastic components and is adhered to more distally located molded plastic component.

Abstract: An endocardial lead comprising an elongate body having a first defibrillation coil electrode, a second defibrillation coil electrode and a first pacing/sensing electrode. The first defibrillation coil electrode has a first end and a second end, where the first end is at or near the distal end of the elongate body and the second end spaced longitudinally from the distal end. The first pacing/sensing electrode is spaced longitudinally along the peripheral surface from the second end of the first defibrillation coil electrode. The second defibrillation coil electrode is spaced longitudinally along the peripheral surface from the first pacing/sensing electrode to afford positioning the first defibrillation coil longitudinally adjacent an apical location of the right ventricle of a heart with the first pacing/sensing electrode within the right ventricle of the heart and the second defibrillation coil within the right atrial chamber or a major vein leading to the right atrial chamber of the heart.

Abstract: A medical device is insertable and/or implantable into a body of a patient. The medical device includes a plurality of hollow and/or collapsible tines which are adapted to assist in deployment of the medical device into the body and in preventing inadvertent removal or dislodging of the medical device from the body. The tines are coupled to the medical device body at a coupling end and extend away from the device to a free end. The tines can have a number of configurations such as cylindrical or cone shaped. In addition, the cross section of the free end of the tines can be elliptical, where the free end extends to a tip. Another cross section includes a semi-circle including an open portion which can face towards or away from the medical device body. The tines also include coiled structures which can have a radial axis perpendicular to the radial axis of the medical device.

Abstract: A cardiac pacing lead for pacing the atria and a method of its use. The lead is provided with a mechanism for maintaining an atrial pacing electrode adjacent stimulable tissue in a patient's superior vena cava and an additional electrode locatable in the right ventricle or elsewhere when the atrial electrode is so located One such mechanism for maintaing the atrial electrode's position may be a lead body displaying pre-formed laterally extending curves sized to span a patient's superior vena cava, with the atrial electrode located thereon.

Abstract: An implantable electrode lead has a proximal end intended for connection to, e.g., a pacemaker and has a distal end with an electrode head equipped with an external, tine-type anchoring unit. The anchoring unit has a number of projections which are integrally formed as a one-piece unit together with a ring-shaped carrier. The carrier is made of an elastic material, and is disposed under elastic tension in an annular groove in the exterior of the electrode head, which fixes the position of the anchoring unit relative to the electrode head. The anchoring unit detaches from the electrode head, by the carrier being pulled out of the groove, when a predetermined, minimum pulling force is exerted on the electrode head from the proximal end of the lead.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems, methods and apparatus for removing implanted objects from a patient's body, particularly implanted endocardial or epicardial pacemaker leads and transvenous defibrillation leads from a patient's heart. In one aspect of the invention, an electrosurgical catheter is advanced to a position within the thoracic cavity adjacent a portion of a pacemaker lead that is affixed to heart tissue. Preferably, the catheter is advanced over the pacemaker lead, i.e., using the pacemaker lead as a guidewire, to facilitate this positioning step. Once the distal end of the catheter reaches a blockage, or a portion of the lead that is attached to fibrous scar tissue, a high frequency voltage difference is applied between one or more electrode terminal(s) at the distal end of the catheter and one or more return electrode(s) to remove the scar tissue around the lead.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the structure comprises, in addition to a body which is usually cylindrical or tubular, a plurality of tines which extend radially from the body. The tines, which are usually flat in shape and tapered, are positioned, relative to the body, with a keying angle other than zero and hence in a generally helical arrangement. The principal axes of the tines in question are preferably also inclined to the longitudinal axis of the body, giving rise to a generally anchor-like shape.

Abstract: The present invention provides an a storage device for an epicardiac pacing lead having a flexible cable. In particular, the storage device of the present invention accommodates the flexible cable in the stored condition and provides a spool and freely rotatable spindle that allows the stored cable to be unwound as it is progressively withdrawn from the storage device.

Abstract: Endocardial implantable cardiac leads are disclosed for applying electrical stimulation to and/or sensing electrical activity of the heart at one or more distal electrode positioned at a cardiac implantation site within a cardiac vessel adjacent to and at a desired orientation to the left ventricle or atrium of the heart. The distal electrode(s) is supported by a tubular electrode support having a diameter large enough to bear against the blood vessel wall and a support lumen that allows blood to flow through it. A retention stent extends proximally from a distal stent end fixed to the tubular electrode support to a proximal stent end. After advancement to the cardiac implantation site employing a lead delivery mechanism, the retention stent is expandable from a collapsed stent state in which the outer diameter of the retention stent is less than the inner diameter of the vessel to an expanded stent state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pacing system with a lead having a fixation element for providing stable fixation relative to the junction of the left and right brachiocephalic veins of the patient. In a first embodiment, a short tine element is provided for engaging the brachiocephalic junction. The present invention also provides a pacing system with a lead having a fixation element for providing stable fixation relative to the atrium and the SVC of the patient. In another embodiment, a three-pronged tine is provided for engaging the portion of the atrium adjacent the SVC.

Abstract: A single pass endocardial lead is provided which is adapted for implantation on or about the heart and for connection to a system for monitoring or stimulating cardiac activity. The lead includes a main body which extends into two distal leg portions, each having at least two electrodes coupled therewith. The first leg is for positioning within the ventricle of the heart. The second leg is for positioning within the atrium of the heart. Both the first leg and the second leg are bipolar and are adapted for positioning and fixation to the heart wall. The first and second legs can be fixated to the heart wall using either passive or active fixation structures. A movement assembly for advancing a helix comprises an externally threaded collar which engages with an internally threaded housing or housing insert.

Abstract: Heart lead removal apparatus for removing an implanted cardiac pacemaker lead from the wall of a heart through a blood vessel leading to the heart. The lead removal apparatus comprises an outer tube sized for insertion into the coiled structure passageway of the pacemaker lead; an anchoring projection positioned proximate the distal end of the outer tube; and a stylet positioned through the passageway of the outer tube for urging the anchoring projection between relaxed and hooked positions. In the hooked position, the projection extends outwardly from the outer tube and when also positioned in the coiled structure passageway, hooks into the coiled structure for facilitating removal of the lead from the heart. In the relaxed position, the anchoring projection is insertable into the coiled structure passageway. The apparatus preferably includes a laterally flexible member constituted by a folded back portion of the stylet.

Abstract: A retractable lead having a distal tip electrode is adapted for implantation on or about the heart and for connection to a system for monitoring or stimulating cardiac activity. The electrode includes a fixation helix for securing the electrode to cardiac tissue, which may or may not be electrically active. The electrode further includes an electrode tip having a mesh screen disposed on a surface at the distal end of the electrode tip, which can be used as a sensing or pacing interface with the cardiac tissue. The mesh screen provides a guiding mechanism for the helix as it travels out of the electrode for securing the electrode to the heart or other muscle or organ. The guiding mechanism may include a groove within the mesh screen. Alternatively, the guiding mechanism includes a guiding bar on which the fixation helix rides on during extension or retraction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pacing system with a lead having a fixation element for providing stable fixation relative to the patient's SVC, preferably providing for positioning of the atrial electrodes near the sinus node. In a first embodiment, an adjustable loop is provided for engaging the inside wall of the SVC so as to obtain fixation of the lead just above the sinus node. Other embodiments utilize tine arrangements for providing the fixation relative to the SVC.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a medical electrical lead having active fixation which features an improved fixation helix. In particular the present invention is a medical electrical lead having a fixation helix which features microgrooves. The microgrooves are dimensioned so as to minimize the foreign body response of the tissue into which the helix is implanted. The microgrooves preferably consist of a series of grooves parallel to the longitudinal axis of the helix, each groove has a depth of between approximately 0.1 to 30 microns, preferably between approximately 0.1 and 3, with 1 micron preferred; a width of between approximately 0.1 to 30 microns, preferably between approximately 0.1 and 3, with 1 micron preferred; and is spaced apart from every other groove by a distance of between approximately 0.1 to 30 microns, preferably between approximately 0.1 and 3, with 1 micron preferred.

Abstract: A system for passively anchoring mid-lead electrodes on an endocardial catheter lead includes at least one fibrosis-anchoring opening positioned along the exterior surface of the catheter lead body proximal or distal to the mid-lead electrodes for passively securing the catheter lead against the interior wall of the heart. Within the fibrosis-anchoring openings a suitable material is provided for anchoring the catheter lead body to the heart wall by fibrosis. Preferably, the fibrosis-anchoring openings comprise at least a pair of openings positioned only partially around the exterior of the catheter lead body at locations both proximal and distal to the mid-lead electrodes, with the catheter lead body between the fibrosis-anchoring openings being preformed to bias the mid-lead electrodes against the heart wall.

Abstract: An implantable pacing lead system for pacing a patient's heart, including a delivery catheter and a lead delivered by the delivery catheter. The lead takes the form of a single non-diverging filament having a proximal end and a distal end and carries an electrode mounted to a distal portion of the lead body. An active fixation device is mounted fixedly to, and extends laterally from, the lead body proximal to and longitudinally spaced from the electrode. During advancement of the lead through the vasculature the active fixation device is located within the delivery catheter. At the point of desired location of the active fixation device, it is advanced out of the delivery catheter and engaged with heart tissue. The lead body has greater torsional rigidity proximal to the active fixation device than distal to the active fixation device.

Abstract: A medical electrical lead with a tip-ring assembly optimized to resist damage during extraction. The lead includes an elongated plastic tube and at least two elongated conductors mounted in the plastic tube. A tip-ring assembly is mounted to the distal end of the tube, the tip-ring assembly including a ring electrode coupled to one of the conductors, a tip electrode located distal to the ring electrode and coupled to another of the conductors and two molded plastic components separately fabricated of a plastic harder than the plastic tube, adhered to one another and together defining a circumferential groove in which the ring electrode is located and mechanically coupled to the tip electrode. The tip electrode may be provided with a proximally extending electrode shank covered by a tine sleeve which is fabricated of a plastic softer than the molded plastic components and is adhered to more distally located molded plastic component.

Abstract: A method of interconnecting a core, a stranded conductor such as a wire rope or cable and a component of a medical electrical lead provided with a internal lumen. At least one of the core and the internal lumen of the component is provided with a textured surface, such as threading. The conductor is located alongside said textured surface and the core is advanced into the lumen of said component, such that the textured surface engages the conductor and retains the conductor as the core is advanced into the lumen, and the conductor is compressed between the core and the inner lumen of the component.

Abstract: A cardiac pacing lead for pacing the atria and a method of its use. The lead is provided with a mechanism for maintaining an atrial pacing electrode adjacent stimulable tissue in a patient's superior vena cava and an additional electrode locatable in the right ventricle or elsewhere when the atrial electrode is so located. One such mechanism for maintaining the atrial electrode's position may be a lead body displaying pre-formed laterally extending curves sized to span a patient's superior vena cava, with the atrial electrode located thereon.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a single pass medical electrical lead. In one embodiment, the lead features a pair of bipolar electrodes positioned along the lead body so that they are positioned in the ventricle and atrium respectively when the lead is implanted. The lead body features a 90 degree bent reinforced section. The bend has a radius of curvature approximately 13 mm and begins approximately 90 mm from the distal end. This curved section is approximately 40 mm in length when straightened. The ventricular electrodes are positioned approximately 28 mm apart. The bend has at least one tine extending therefrom, an electrode is mounted on the tine.

Abstract: A transvenous lead specifically designed for coronary sinus implantation. The lead features a fixation ring positioned adjacent to the electrode. The ring is constructed so as to be readily pliable and bent. The ring functions to wedge or fix the lead within the coronary sinus in such a manner that the electrode is pushed against the vessel wall while the flow of blood through the vessel is not impeded. In alternative embodiments the electrode is positioned on the ring itself. In further alternative embodiments the distal portion of the lead features a pre bent nose to assist in the positioning of the lead into the coronary sinus. The nose may be oriented relative to the ring in any acceptable manner to permit the ring and the electrode to be properly positioned relative to anywhere along the coronary sinus wall.

Abstract: A pacing lead, and system for pacing, where the lead has an improved distal tip designed to provide reliable chronic fixation of the electrode-heart interface, while also providing low pacing threshold. The distal end of the lead has a standard surface, of roughly hemispherical shape, made of a porous material. In one embodiment, the tip surface is suitably about 6-8 square mm, and there is a smaller surface of about 1.5-2.0 square mm which is electrically isolated from the remainder of the porous surface; the smaller surface acts as a high impedance electrode, providing low threshold, while the larger porous surface provides the stable fixation. A steroid source is housed in the distal end of the lead, so as to provide an eluted steroid to the electrode surface area, as well as at least part of the remaining porous surface, whereby the overall porous surface and the eluted steroid minimizes the resulting capsule of non-excitable tissue around the electrode, providing for a stable reduced threshold.

Abstract: An anchoring sleeve for retaining an electrical lead including a sleeve base and a locking member latchable to the sleeve base to lock the locking member to the sleeve base encircling the lead and engaging it around its full circumference. The locking member may be an arcuate member joined to said sleeve base by a hinge and pivotable to latch said locking member to the sleeve base. Alternatively the locking member may be a member formed separately from the sleeve base. The base may be provided with one or more C-shaped members to temporarily retain the lead prior to latching.

Abstract: Various endocardial lead assemblies are disclosed that may be particularly useful for placement within the coronary sinus. The lead assemblies may have open ends or closed ends. Lead assemblies having closed ends may be implanted using conventional implantation procedures. Lead assemblies have open ends may be implanted by first locating a stylet within the patient's body and, then, inserting the lead into the patient's body along the stylet. Each disclosed lead assembly uses one or more stents which expand to contact the inner surface of a body vessel once the lead has been properly positioned. Thus, the stents fix the lead at the desired location. Additionally, the stents may be used as electrodes for pacing and/or sensing.

Abstract: An intravenous lead for use with a cardiac device for implantation in the coronary venous system of the heart includes a lead body that is adapted to be routed through the vascular system into the coronary sinus with the distal end portion of the lead placed in the great cardiac vein or branch vein. The lead body includes a fixation member disposed just proximal of its tip. The fixation member comprises a radially expandable polymeric matrix that incorporates an osmotic agent so that when placed in a aqueous medium it will swell. Thus, when placed in a cardiac vein, the swelling of the fixation member will anchor the lead against longitudinal displacement due to body motion, blood flow and the beating action of the heart.

Abstract: A medical electrical lead having an electrode head with an internal lumen mounted to a proximal portion of the lead body and a rotatable fixation helix advanceable from the internal lumen. The helix is mounted to a rotatable shaft which is provided with a central shaft portion and circumferential shoulders proximal and distal to the central shaft portion. A seal is mounted in the lumen of the electrode head, encircling the shaft and C-shaped seal retainers are mounted in the lumen of the electrode head member proximal and distal to the seal.

Abstract: An intravenous lead for use with a cardiac device for implantation in the coronary venous system of the heart includes a lead body that is adapted to be routed through the vascular system into the coronary sinus with the distal end portion of the lead placed in the great cardiac vein or branch vein. The lead body includes a preformed section disposed just proximal of its tip so that the lead body exhibits a two-dimensional wave having peaks and valleys for contacting the endothelial layer of the vein at discrete, longitudinally spaced points to stabilize the electrode against displacement.

Abstract: An implantable device for at least temporary electrical contact with body tissue includes a stimulation electrode, a lead having a proximal end connected to a medical device and a distal end securely attached to the stimulation electrode and blocking means for holding the stimulation electrode in its position of contacting the body tissue, counter to a pulling force exerted by the lead. The blocking means is essentially rigid and is at least partially composed of a material that can be resorbed into body fluid. The blocking means includes a holder with a hole which is slipped or fitted onto a surgical thread thereby connecting the blocking means to the surgical thread.

Abstract: A cardiac pacing lead for pacing the atria and a method of its use. The lead is provided with a mechanism for maintaining an atrial pacing electrode adjacent stimulable tissue in a patient's superior vena cava and an additional electrode locatable in the right ventricle or elsewhere when the atrial electrode is so located. One such mechanism for maintaing the atrial electrode's position may be a lead body displaying pre-formed laterally extending curves sized to span a patient's superior vena cava, with the atrial electrode located thereon.

Abstract: A cardiac lead is provided that includes a connector for connecting to a cardiac stimulator and a flexible sleeve coupled to the connector. The sleeve has a first segment, a second segment and a jacket coupling the first segment and the second segment. The jacket is composed of a shape-memory polymeric material which deforms diametrically in situ to selectively disconnect the first segment from the second segment. An electrode is coupled to the sleeve and a conductor is disposed in the sleeve and coupled to the connector and the electrode for conveying electrical signals. The breakaway function of the jacket allows removal of all but a small portion of the lead without dissection of fibrous tissue.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for percutaneously forming a passageway between adjacent vessels, a vessel and an organ, or different regions of an organ are provided comprising first and second catheters carrying distally positioned electromagnets. The first and second catheters are percutaneously advanced to positions within a body so that the distal endfaces oppose one another and magnetically attract one another, causing the lumens of the catheters to become aligned. A cutting wire is then advanced out of the first lumen, through the thickness of the tissue captured between the catheters, and into the second lumen. The cutting wire may be advanced fully through the second catheter so that it exits the patient, and upon removal of the first and second catheters, serves as a guide wire. Methods of percutaneously performing surgery are also provided.

Abstract: A lead assembly adapted for endocardial fixation to a human heart is provided. The lead assembly includes a lead body that has a proximal end provided with a connector for electrical connection to a cardiac stimulator. The cardiac stimulator may be a pacemaker, a cardioverter/defibrillator, or a sensing instrument. The distal end of the lead body is connected to a tubular electrode housing. The lead body consists of a noncoiled conductor cable surrounded by a coextensive insulating sleeve. In contrast to conventional leads, the lead body of the present invention does not require coiled conductor wires or an internal lumen. Manipulation of the lead body is via an external guide tube. Lead body diameters of 0.25 mm or smaller are possible.

Abstract: This invention discloses an ablation catheter system with fixation means for use in treatment of cardiac tissues and in other medical applications, such as ablating tumors in a natural body conduit or cavity by applying RF energy, and an inner catheter having alternate energy sources for enhanced ablation. The catheter system passes through a natural body opening to reach the target tissue, where the catheter system stays in a desired position via its fixation means and delivers therapeutic energy selected from the group of laser energy, microwave, inductive radiofrequency and ultrasonic energy to the target tissue for improved treatment.

Abstract: A transvenous lead specifically designed for coronary sinus implantation. The lead of the present invention features an electrode/anchoring portion at its distal end. The electrode/anchoring portion features a dual tapered self-propelling spiral electrode. Through this design the electrode supplies excellent direct electrical contact to the inside of the vessel. The dual tapered spiral permits the electrode to either be propelled forward within the vessel and toward the more distal locations by turning in a first direction and also permits the electrode to be propelled backwards within the vessel toward the more proximal locations by turning in a second, opposite direction. The spiral shape does not obstruct blood flow. The taper to the spiral also permits the electrode portion to be placed through any valves which may be within the vessel without causing damage.

Abstract: A medical, neurological lead includes structure preferably integral to the lead. A helical anchor is raised or channeled into the exterior of the lead. A companion helical valley extends alongside a helical protuberance. Both are created in the lead during the process of its formation, by suitable casting or extrusion or other techniques. Soft tissue and a fibrotic sheath form about the valley and protuberance of the lead such that the lead is fixed longitudinally and laterally, acutely and chronically, by the anchor. The pitch of the valley and protuberance relative to the longitudinal axis of the lead, and the smoothness of the exterior of the lead, are chosen such that the lead may, if and when necessary, be literally screwed from the body, by turn of the lead.

Abstract: A lead assembly adapted for endocardial fixation to a human heart is provided. The lead assembly includes a lead body that has a proximal end provided with a connector for electrical connection to a cardiac stimulator. The cardiac stimulator may be a pacemaker, a cardioverter/defibrillator, or a sensing instrument. The distal end of the lead body is connected to a tubular electrode housing. The lead body consists of a noncoiled conductor cable surrounded by a coextensive insulating sleeve. In contrast to conventional leads, the lead body of the present invention does not require coiled conductor wires or an internal lumen. Manipulation of the lead body is via an external guide tube. Lead body diameters of 0.25 mm or smaller are possible.

Abstract: A novel low cost, temporary pacing lead that provides superior torque transfer characteristics and positive affixation to the endocardial wall. The lead system of the present invention provides up to ten times more torque transmission between its proximal and distal ends than may be attained using prior art temporary leads. Additionally, the lead body of the present invention has a ratio of ring electrode surface area to tip electrode surface area that exceeds about 2, and a tip electrode surface area less than or equal to 10 millimeters squared.

Abstract: A single pass medical electrical lead featuring an atrial wall wedging mechanism which will permit the atrial electrodes to be positioned directly against the right atrial wall. In the preferred embodiment the atrial wall wedging mechanism comprises an extendible finger which may be used to wedge the lead body in the region where the inferior vena cava enters the right atrium and the right atrium empties through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Through such wedging, the atrial electrodes may be caused to be positioned directly against the right atrium wall without causing excessive pressure to be communicated to the distal tip of the lead.

Abstract: In an endocardial, active fixation, screw-in lead of the type having a fixation helix adapted to be rotated in a first, advancement direction out of an electrode head chamber and into cardiac tissue by rotation of a lead connector end and attached lead conductor with respect to an insulating sheath in the first direction and retracted into the chamber by rotation of the lead connector in the opposite, retraction direction, a retraction stop mechanism for preventing over rotation of the helix in the retraction direction. The rotational motion of the lead conductor is transmitted to the helix by a connecting assembly and is translated into axial advancement and retraction of the helix by a guide cooperating with the helix turns. A retraction stop mechanism stops rotation of the helix in the retraction direction upon full retraction of the helix into the chamber and allows rotation of helix in the advancement direction.

Abstract: A medical electrical lead featuring an improved anchoring sleeve. The improved anchoring sleeve includes a tubular sleeve having a central throughbore into which a medical electrical lead or catheter can extend. Integrally formed at one end of the anchoring sleeve is a securing portion having a partially annular portion with a slotted wall on one side, and a wrapping portion on the other side with a locking tabbed portion for securing to the slotted wall to grip the lead and secure it within the sleeve.

Abstract: A method of removing chronically implanted pacing leads and leads specifically adapted to be removed using the method. The leads are constructed so that upon tension applied to the electrode, it is withdrawn to a first location, so that upon further application of tension, the sheath located distal to the withdrawn electrode may collapse, enhancing its removability. In some embodiments of leads particularly adapted for use in conjunction with the method, the leads are provided with a mechanism for allowing breakage of the lead adjacent the points to which the electrode has been withdrawn, upon application of further tension to the electrode.

Abstract: An implantable devices for the effective elimination of an arrhythmogenic site from the myocardium is presented. By inserting small biocompatible conductors and/or insulators into the heart tissue at the arrhythmogenic site, it is possible to effectively eliminate a portion of the tissue from the electric field and current paths within the heart. The device would act as an alternative to the standard techniques for the removal of tissue from the effective contribution to the hearts electrical action which require the destruction of tissue via energy transfer (RF, microwave, cryogenic, etc.). This device is a significant improvement in the state of the art in that it does not require tissue necrosis. In one preferred embodiment the device is a non conductive helix that is permanently implanted into the heart wall around the arrhythmogenic site.