Abstract: Special air handling system for bivalent air-conditioning of a room or building with an airstream system (Primary Air System) that exhibits an Exhaust Airstream directed towards the environment of the room and a Supply Airstream directed into the room that consists of or composes of the return air from the room and/or the outside air and with a Convective and/or Radiation System (Secondary Air-Conditioning System) with a Convective and/or Radiation Unit and a Heat Exchanger Unit located inside the room or building to be air-conditioned, through which a carrier medium flows. The Heat Exchanger Unit or an Evaporator/Condenser System that is connected with the Heat Exchanger Unit via Pipes containing refrigerant is located inside the Exhaust Airstream of the Primary Air System.

Abstract: A cryogenic coupler includes a socket and a plug that can be detachably inserted into the socket. The socket and the plug have passages for passing a cryogenic medium therethrough, and are provided with valves for blocking the respective passages when the plug is disconnected from the socket. A seal assembly is arranged between opposite end surfaces of the socket and the plug. The seal assembly has a resilience characteristic that is substantially uninfluenced by the cryogenic temperature, and thus prevents leakage of the cryogenic medium to outside, when passages in the socket and the plug are connected to each other. The coupler allows a facilitated connection and disconnection of the passages, even under a low temperature condition.

Abstract: A method and system for dispensing cryogenic fluids, such as liquified natural gas (LNG), using a swivel bayonet joint interconnecting first and second sections of cryogenic pipe. The swivel bayonet joint includes a male bayonet joint and a corresponding female bayonet joint. An insertion stem of the male bayonet joint is dimensioned to have a very high tolerance fit within the receiving sleeve of the female joint that extends a sufficient length for formation of a vapor trap by the cryogenic fluid between the insertion end of the stem and the clamp end of the receiving sleeve. The vapor trap prohibits movement beyond the vapor trap of any cryogenic fluid passing through the joint, consequently, elastomeric seals in the bayonet joint remain insulated from extremely cold temperatures of the cryogenic fluid.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a non-linear thermal coupling to connect a heat load to a powered cooler, the coupling including: first and second thermal transfer elements, the first transfer thermal transfer element being thermally connected to the heat load and the second thermal transfer element being thermally connected to the powered cooler; the first and second thermal transfer elements being physically separated by a first gap when the first and second thermal transfer elements are at a relatively high temperature, and the first and second thermal transfer elements being in mutual physical contact when the first and second thermal transfer elements are at a relatively low temperature so as to thermally connect the heat load and the powered cooler; and the first and second thermal transfer elements being placed in the mutual physical contact by thermal contraction of a contracting element.

Abstract: A quick connect/disconnect coupler having a slidable piston to connect and disconnect to a standard fitting or coupling attached to suitable tubing. The coupling is slidably received by the coupler and locked in place by the piston. In the locked position, the coupling depresses a valve pin in the piston which opens a passageway in the coupler. At the same time, a depressor in the coupler depresses a valve stem in the coupling, thereby allowing bi-directional gas flow to the device being serviced from the service apparatus, or vice versa. A method of charging or discharging refrigeration apparatus with said coupler is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cryopump-type water-vapor removal system comprising a vacuum chamber for location within a device-fabrication cleanroom or other similar fabrication area, and a Meissner-type cryocoil for condensation of atmospheric water vapor in the atmosphere inside the chamber. A refrigerant compressor-evaporator is for location outside the device-fabrication cleanroom and is separated from the cryocoil by at least twenty feet. A refrigerant umbilical cord connects between and includes a flexible outer sheath providing for maintaining a thermal-insulation vacuum within. Flexible smooth-bore refrigerant suction and discharge tubes are disposed in the thermal-insulation vacuum of the umbilical. The suction tube has a larger diameter than the discharge to provide for an expansion of the refrigerant that occurs in the cryocoil. Non-turbulent flow through the suction and discharge tubes in the refrigerant umbilical cord may be controlled by use of a smooth-bore wall.

Abstract: A second condenser includes a condensation promoting portion that promotes a condensation action on a refrigerant by reduction of the sectional area of a refrigerant path. The condensation promoting portion includes a step-forming wall between the sectional area reduced portion and a refrigerant path portion in the upstream thereof A vortex/turbulent flow generator is provided as necessary in the upstream and downstream of the sectional area reduced portion of the refrigerant path. The air conditioner includes a first condenser and a second condenser that are coupled in a crossflow manner so that an object for heat exchange, that is, a coolant passes first through the second condenser including the condensation promoting portion and then through the first condenser.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coupling for connecting vacuum-insulated line ends (12, 13) via a coupling socket (11) and a coupling plug (10) which are provided for conveying a cryogenic medium and which have closing elements (28, 29) at the outer line ends that close the line ends. In order to ensure a simple replacement of the gaskets and improved safety during operation and in case of operating errors, the closing elements (28, 29) of both line ends (12, 13) are directly adjacent to the separation plane (27) of the coupling socket (11) and of the coupling plug (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a coupling for connecting vacuum-insulated line ends via a coupling socket and a coupling plug which are provided for conveying a cryogenic medium and which have closing elements at the outer line ends that close the line ends. So that the valve-like means can be opened or closed by remote control in a defined manner, the coupling plug (10) has a control unit (43) that is connected to the closing element (29) and that opens at least the closing element (29) when exposed to control pressure.

Abstract: A system and method for transferring a low-temperature fluid includes a source of the low-temperature fluid coupled to a device being cooled by one or more fluid hoses or lines. The lines are surrounded by a cover which is coupled to a source of gas. The gas flows between the fluid lines and the cover such that the dew point of the atmosphere inside the cover is below the temperature of an outer surface of the hose such that condensation on the fluid lines is substantially eliminated.

Abstract: Apparatus for delivering a cryogenic liquid comprising a thermally insulated main pipe in which a device for throttling a flow of liquid is mounted, a degassing pipe which is tapped off the upper part of the main pipe downstream of the throttling device.

Abstract: A microminiature laminated heat exchanger for use in a cryogenic probe, and a method of manufacture. The heat exchanger has high and low pressure flow patterns etched into oxygen free copper sheets, with the flow patterns being tortuous paths promoting turbulent flow. The sheets containing the flow patterns are bonded into a laminated assembly in the shape of a cylinder, with a high pressure inlet and a low pressure outlet in a first end, and a high pressure outlet and a low pressure inlet in a second end. The high pressure flow path lies alongside the low pressure flow path, with flow in the two paths being in opposite directions, to accomplish counterflow heat exchange.

Abstract: A system and a method for transferring cryogenic fluids; e.g. transferring liquefied natural gas (LNG) between an offshore receiving/loading station and an onshore facility. The flowline system which can be submerged in water is comprised of a main transfer conduit which is positioned within an outer jacket and a return conduit which is positioned within the main transfer conduit. The annulus between the jacket and the main conduit is insulated. Both the main conduit and the return conduit include means which allow the respective conduits to expand/contract with temperature changes.

Abstract: A reciprocating cryogenic pump, suitable for medium and high pressures having very low net positive suction head (NPSH) requirements. The pump comprises a cylinder having both liquid inlets and vapor outlets, and two interacting pistons, each piston reciprocably movable within the cylinder, and each piston having flow conduits there through generally co-axial with the piston and with the cylinder. The conduit of one piston preferentially connects to the liquid inlets and the conduit of the other piston preferentially connects to the vapor outlets, which are at a higher elevation than the liquid inlets.

Abstract: A cryosurgical instrument comprises a cooling tip operable to be cooled by a flow of a cryogenic fluid within the tip; and a fluid transfer chamber having a fluid inlet for receiving cryogenic fluid, a first fluid outlet communicating with the cooling tip for supplying cryogenic fluid to the cooling tip, and a second fluid outlet communicating with an atmospheric air vent.

Abstract: An sensor for sensing buoyancy force within a liquid mixture stored within a storage tank and an interlock employing the sensor to prevent a respirable cryogenic mixture from being dispensed from the storage tank with an unsafe oxygen content. The sensor has a float adapted to be submerged in the liquid mixture, thereby to exert a buoyancy force referable to the density. The buoyancy force is sensed by a load cell connected to an elongated base element cantilevered from the outlet by a bracket. The mounting of such sensor ensures that the buoyancy force and therefore, the density of the liquid as dispensed will be measured as opposed to liquid density at some other location of the tank. Such sensor can serve in an interlock in which a controller responsive to the load cell and a temperature sensor, also located within the outlet, controls a valve to close the outlet when the mixture has an unsafe oxygen level.

Abstract: The invention concerns a condenser for a refrigeration circuit able to have passing through it a refrigeration fluid and comprising a removable reservoir connected to a header of the condenser and able to have the refrigeration fluid passing through it.The reservoir is produced in the form of a replaceable cartridge provided with a connection able to cooperate with a base of conjugate shape which is fixed to the header and connected to the latter by an inlet manifold and an outlet manifold for the refrigeration fluid.Application notably to air conditioning installations for motor vehicles.

Abstract: An auxiliary condenser includes a plurality of heat conductive tubes connected in series between a compressor and a main condenser of an air conditioning system to absorb heat energy of compressed, hot, gas state coolant outputted from the compressor, absorptive covering means covered on the heat conductive tube to absorb condensed water from evaporator means of the air conditioning system for carrying heat away from the heat conductive tubes by means of evaporation.

Abstract: A compound condensing device to be used in an air conditioner having at least two condensing stages, one behind another, along the blowing direction of a common air blower to reduce the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant in the coiled pipe extending from the exiting end of the compressor and input end of the expanding device. In both condensing stages, coiled pipe sections are arranged in an up-and-down array, and evaporative cooling liquid droplets are distributed over the coiled pipe to extract heat from the refrigerant in the coiled pipe. Furthermore, fins and water-retaining material wrapping around the coiled pipe are used to increase the efficiency of evaporation. With the arrangement of two or more condensing stages, the exiting air from the compound condensing device has a temperature of about 28.5.degree. C.

Abstract: In a refrigerator, an intermediate heat exchanger as an evaporator in the refrigeration cycle 11 in which a flammable refrigerant is sealed is provided inside of a heat insulating material. A heat transferring device is provided between the intermediate heat exchanger and a heat exchanger for cooling. At the time of stop and occurrence of the refrigerant leakage, the refrigerant inside of the intermediate heat exchanger is recovered into the condenser or into the refrigerant recovery cylinder so that even if the refrigerant leaks out, a leaked amount of the refrigerant into the refrigerator is reduced.

Abstract: A condenser for a motor vehicle air conditioning system, through which a refrigerant fluid flows, comprises a bundle of tubes fitted between two vertical headers, together with a separate reservoir which is installed vertically close to one of the headers. The walls which define the reservoir and associated header have respective vertical passages in the form of slots, each extending over the whole height of the condenser or header. A metal connecting plate has a first longitudinal edge portion and a second longitudinal edge portion, which are received in the respective slots in such a way that the two walls are immobilized against each other in the region of these passages. The connecting plate has at least one cut-out portion or bight through which the refrigerant fluid can flow between the header and the reservoir at a selected location.

Abstract: A sensor for sensing buoyancy force within a liquid mixture stored within a storage tank and an interlock employing the sensor to prevent a respirable cryogenic mixture from being dispensed from the storage tank with an unsafe oxygen content. The sensor has a float adapted to be submerged in the liquid mixture, thereby to exert a buoyancy force referable to the density. The buoyancy force is sensed by a load cell connected to an elongated base element cantilevered from the outlet by a bracket. The mounting of such sensor ensures that the buoyancy force and therefore, the density of the liquid as dispensed will be measured as opposed to liquid density at some other location of the tank. Such sensor can serve in an interlock in which a controller responsive to the load cell and a temperature sensor, also located within the outlet, controls a valve to close the outlet when the mixture has an unsafe oxygen level.

Abstract: A connection block fixed to a condenser is firmly coupled with a mounting block fixed to a liquid tank by means of a bolt. In a state that those are firmly coupled, a supported part of the mounting block is put on a flat supporting face of the connection block. In this state, the refrigerant outlet port of the condenser is communicatively coupled with the refrigerant inlet port of the liquid tank.

Abstract: There is provided a vessel storing cryogenic fluid having a passive thermodynamic venting system for effectively and reliably transferring heat in a reduced-gravity environment. The storage vessel has a storage tank for holding the cryogenic fluid under pressure. The storage vessel is compartmentalized using a screen trap so that the heat exchanger of the venting system extends through a compartment which includes only the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid. A screen gallery, screen trap and vane assembly cooperate to separate the gas and the liquid phases of the cryogenic fluid. The thermodynamic venting system includes a throttle device for reducing the temperature of cryogenic fluid. A conduit in contact with heat exchange elements transfers heat from the liquid phase of the cryogenic fluid to a relief valve for venting the heat external of the storage tank.

Abstract: A condenser for a cooling circuit conveying a refrigerant, including a bundle of tubes mounted between a first collecting box and a second collecting box, an inlet for the gaseous refrigerant, an outlet for the condensed refrigerant, and a reservoir through which the refrigerant may flow. The reservoir is housed in the collecting box and communicates via at least one aperture with a downstream portion of the bundle on the outlet side of the condenser. The condenser is useful for motor vehicle air conditioning.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for an ice-making machine is provided with an inlet filter system having a replaceable filter element to trap dirt, dust and other airborne contaminants which would otherwise accumulate on heat transfer surfaces. The system is further provided with a device to indicate that the filter element should be changed.

Abstract: A casing forming a liquid tank is welded through coupling brackets to a first header pipe forming a condenser by brazing. This coupling brackets are smaller in thermal capacity than the casing and the first header pipe.

Abstract: The present invention provides a condenser with a liquid-receiver that enables the omission of piping for connecting a liquid-receiver and a condenser. The liquid-receiver is connected to the condenser by a liquid-receiver holder. The liquid-receiver holder also is connected to the header of the condenser body. The liquid-receiver is flange connected to the liquid-receiver holder, whereby the liquid-receiver is held to the condenser body and both of them are internally communicated with one another through a passage formed in the liquid-receiver holder.

Abstract: In a motorcar having a compressed fuel cylinder charged with a compressed fuel disposed in a compartment, pipes connected to the fuel cylinder within the compartment are connected to a joint unit penetrating a partition wall partitioning the compartment from an outside and the joint unit is connected to pipes connected to an internal combustion engine and the like out of the compartment. A fuel charge passage, a fuel supply passage and a relief passage in a cylinder cap of the fuel cylinder and a fuel charge passage, a fuel supply passage and a relief passage in an interior side of the joint unit are connected with each other through an interior charge pipe, and interior supply pipe and an interior fuel relief pipe, respectively. A fuel charge pipe, a fuel supply pipe and a relief pipe out of the compartment are connected to a fuel charge passage, a fuel supply passage and a relief passage in an exterior side of the joint unit.

Abstract: Dilution refrigerator equipment, which includes a vacuum vessel with its connections, a dilution refrigerator, made essentially completely of plastic set inside it and supported from a metallic pumping tube, includes an upper still and a lower mixing chamber and a heat exchanger connecting them. The pumping tube is connected to the still of the dilution refrigerator. The tube connection of the still includes an intermediate piece, separating the metallic pumping tube from the plastic structure of the still, which is made from a mixture of plastic and metal powder, to accommodate the greatly deviating thermal expansions of the connection components to one another.

Abstract: A removable debris filter for an air conditioning condensing unit. The filter preferably comprises a quantity of fiberglass screen material having a drawstring seam attached onto opposite ends thereof. The screen material is wrapped around all four vertical sides of the air conditioning condensing unit and is held in place thereon by pulling each drawstring tight and tying a knot. The fineness of the screen mesh is adequate to prevent most airborne debris from entering the condensing unit, and the drawstrings allow the filter to be easily removed from the condensing unit for cleaning.

Abstract: A multipass evaporator for an air conditioner includes a pair of spaced-apart and parallel headers, a plurality of microchannels extending between and connected to the headers, at least one throttling microchannel extending between and connected to the headers, and at least two baffles provided within the headers. The baffles are located in the headers to divide the plurality of microchannels and the throttling microchannel into at least three passes. The three passes include a first pass, a last pass, and at least one intermediate pass between the first pass and the last pass. The first pass includes the throttling microchannel which provides a desired restriction to obtain constant enthalpy expansion so that no restriction device is required between a condenser and the evaporator.

Abstract: A cryogenic gas transportation and delivery system for transporting the gas in a liquefied state and delivering it to a storage vessel in a vaporized or gaseous state. The system includes a mobile chassis, a vacuum-jacketed delivery vessel for storing the gas in the liquefied state, a vaporizer for vaporizing the liquefied gas into a vaporized state, and a compressor or pump to transfer the gas through the system so that it is delivered to the storage vessel as a compressed gas. When a compressor is used, the compressor is disposed between the vaporizer and the storage vessel. When a liquid pump is used, the pump is installed between the delivery vessel and the vaporizer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a condenser for use in an air conditioning system. The condenser includes a receiver dryer fluidly communicating with it. The receiver dryer includes a fluid inlet for receiving a two-phase refrigerant mixture from the condenser and two outlets, both of which direct refrigerant back to the condenser after phase separation.

Abstract: A device for increasing heat transfer and reducing suspended vapor within a fluid. The inventive device includes a main body having at least one pair of conduits positionable into communication with a fluid or refrigerant line. A radial diffuser effects plating or coating of fluid entering the main body onto the interior walls thereof to increase heat transfer. A radial infuser receives collected fluid and directs the fluid into a containment chamber within the main body. A rotational turbulence inducer agitates the fluid as it exits the main body for increasing heat transfer between the fluid and the conduit. Alternative forms of the invention include a turbine mounted within the containment chamber for extracting rotational torque from movement of fluid through the device, and a lower main body having a pair of selectively valved radial infusers permitting reverse flow through the device.

Abstract: A condenser and a subcondenser are provided between a couple of header pipes, and a liquid tank is provided by the side of the header pipe. Liquid refrigerant that is discharged from the condenser enters the subcondenser after passing through the liquid tank. The liquid tank is detachably mounted on the header pipe.

Abstract: A self-contained liquefied gas supply system has a tank for storing a liquefied gas, a primary pump for delivering the liquefied gas from the tank, a secondary pump for pressurizing the liquefied gas delivered from the primary pump, a vaporizer for vaporizing the liquefied gas discharged from the secondary pump into a vaporized gas, an expander for actuating the secondary pump with the vaporized gas produced by the vaporizer, and a back-pressure line connected to an outlet of the expander. A bypass pipe is connected between the primary pump and the vaporizer in bypassing relation to the secondary pump for supplying the liquefied gas from the primary pump to the vaporizer. A joint line is connected between the back-pressure line and a substantially atmospheric pressure line, the joint line having a first flow regulating valve for regulating a rate of flow of a gas from the back-pressure line to the substantially atmospheric pressure line.

Abstract: The refrigeration system is provided with a bundle of refrigeration tubes extending through heat exchange fins, with the bundle forming a condenser section, a receiver section and a subcooler section. A sight glass is positioned in the line between the receiver and the subcooler to facilitate the refrigerant charging process. The system also includes a floating head arrangement which allows the condenser pressure to fluctuate with the ambient temperature. A solenoid valve leading to an expansion valve cycles on/off in response to compressor suction pressure. A check valve insures that a column of liquid is always immediately upstream from the expansion valve.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cooling method and a system therefor. The cooling system is provided with a refrigerant circuit, comprising a small-capacity primary air-cooled condenser to which a vaporized refrigerant compressed in a compressor is supplied; a water-cooled condenser to which the refrigerant fed from said primary air-cooled condenser is supplied; a small-capacity secondary air-cooled condenser to which the refrigerant fed from said water-cooled condenser is supplied; an expansion means to which the liquefied refrigerant fed from said secondary air-cooled condenser is supplied; and an evaporator to which the refrigerant after an abrupt pressure reduction by said expansion means is supplied. According to the cooling system of the invention, consumption of the cooling water in the water-cooled condenser can greatly be reduced, and the running cost of the system can also easily be reduced.

Abstract: A square shaped upper side level difference and a squarely annular lower side level difference part are provided on a reverse arc shaped recess part formed in the modulator, and a second through hole is provided so as to bore through the lower side level difference part. By this arrangement, in brazing the modulator to an arc shaped projection part formed on the right side header, heated and melted brazing material can intensively flow into the surface contacting part between the surface of the upper side level difference part and the surface of the projection part and between the surface of the lower side level difference part and the surface of the projection part. As a result, the right side header and the modulator can exactly be brazed and therefore there is no possibility of the occurrence of defective brazing around the second through hole.

Abstract: In an air conditioner having at least an indoor unit 9 and an outdoor unit 11 through which a coolant flows, a saturation temperature of the coolant at 50.degree. C. is not less than 2500 kPa, and the indoor heat exchanger in the indoor unit satisfies a relationship of Hi.times.Li/(Di.sup.3 .times.Ni.sup.2).gtoreq.150 and the outdoor heat exchanger in the outdoor unit satisfies a relationship of Ho.times.Lo/(Do.sup.3 .times.No.sup.2).gtoreq. 60.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for storing and delivering a liquid cryogen. The apparatus is a dewar having a rotating liquid cryogen intake, a rotating gas supply/vent, and a rotating capacitance gauge. The rotating capacitance gauge comprises two elongated plates having outer edges shaped concentrically with the inner profile of the dewar on both ends that are electrically isolated from but fastened to one another with a small gap therebetween and electrical leads to the exterior of the dewar.

Abstract: An automotive air conditioner which conditions air making use of radiation of heat of a condenser and absorption of heat of an evaporator effectively. The evaporator 207 and the condenser 203 are disposed in a duct 100. An condenser disposed in a duct has a heat exchanging section in which heat exchange is performed between refrigerant and draft air. The heat exchanging section is divided into an upper stream area portion, a middle stream area portion and a lower stream area portion, and a temperature sensitive tube of a subcooling control valve is held in contact with a refrigerant passageway which interconnects the middle and lower stream area portions. The subcooling control valve adjusts the opening of a throttle portion thereof so that the subcooling degree on the upstream of the lower stream area portion where the temperature sensitive tube contacts may be a predetermined value (2.degree. to 10.degree. C.).

Abstract: A system for delivering fluid, e.g. liquefied petroleum gas or "LPG", through a delivery path (10) under pressure. A delivery control valve (16) is selectably operable to close and open the delivery path (10) and monitors a parameter of the fluid, e.g. dielectric constant, and to sense the presence of vapor or gas phase in the fluid. A control means (30) responsive to the indicating signal from the sensing means (20) causes the delivery control valve (16) to close the delivery path upon sensing the presence of a significant proportion of vapor or gas phase in the fluid. A gas introduction point (35) upstream of the sensing means (20) enables gas to be introduced so as to knowingly expose the sensing means (20) to fluid containing gas phase and thereby enable controlled testing of the correct functioning of the sensing means (20).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrically-controlled vacuum-enclosed cryogenic valve including firstly a body receiving the seat for a valve member, and inlet and outlet channels for a cryogenic fluid, the body and the channels being disposed in an enclosure in which a vacuum is created, and secondly a moving valve member whose stem is actuated by moving core and a control electromagnetic winding, a return spring pressing the valve member against its seat in the absence of excitation. In accordance with the present invention, the moving core of such a valve is placed inside the vacuum enclosure which is secured to a a sleeve that separates the moving core from the control electromagnetic winding, which is placed outside the enclosure. Preferably, a bellows that is secured both to the valve body and to the stem implements sealing between the vacuum enclosure and the fluid flowing through the channels.

Abstract: An assembly and method for supporting a plurality of individually insulated pipes or conduits inside a vacuum jacket where the insulated pipes are positioned or fixed relative to one another and the inside surface of the vacuum jacket.

Abstract: Compressor lubricant in a screw compressor-based refrigeration system is cooled by directing the lubricant from the system oil separator to an oil-cooling heat exchanger disposed in the lower portion of the system condenser where it is bathed in condensed system refrigerant. Parasitic capacity losses with respect to the compressor lubricant cooling process are thereby avoided.

Abstract: A cryogenic liquid delivery system includes a storage tank holding a quantity of a cryogenic liquid such as liquid oxygen and a vapor space. A compound, two-part dip tube includes an inner liquid delivery tube and an outer tube which is sealed to allow liquid cryogen to be delivered to a vaporizer only via the liquid delivery tube. The vaporizer communicates with the vapor space in the tank via an aperture in the outer tube, above the level of the liquid cryogen and the seal.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a piping installation for supplying a low temperature fluid such as liquid nitrogen from a main pipe (17) of transporting the low temperature fluid to predetermined equipments (2, 4, 6), for example a cooling apparatus, by way of branch pipes (18, 19), is characterized in that a thermally insulated pipe having a small outer diameter is used for the branch pipes (18, 19). By reducing the diameter of the branch pipes (18, 19) of the piping installation, the occupation of them in a space can be reduced, whereby spaces (3, 5) where they are installed can be effectively utilized. By reducing the diameter of the branch pipes (18, 19), furthermore, the quantity of the low temperature fluid which has been hitherto discharged wastefully can be decreased.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for using a system for delivery of fluid from cylinders comprising a plurality of supply cylinders containing fluid at or near supercritical conditions, each cylinder comprising a fluid outlet; sensing means for sensing at least one fluid property for each of said plurality of supply cylinders; heating means adapted to each of said plurality of supply cylinders and coupled to said sensing means to adjust the pressure of said fluid in said supply cylinders in response to said at least one fluid property to maintain said fluid at or near supercritical conditions; pump means to deliver fluid from said cylinder outlet to an application.