Abstract: The embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method for controlling crystal growth. The method includes: obtaining an actual crystal parameter in a target time slice; obtaining a reference crystal parameter in the target time slice; determining a temperature control parameter based on the actual crystal parameter and the reference crystal parameter; determining a pulling control parameter based on the actual crystal parameter and the reference crystal parameter; and adjusting a temperature and a pulling speed in a next time slice after the target time slice respectively based on the temperature control parameter and the pulling control parameter.

Abstract: In a method for accurately estimating gait characteristics of a user, first parameters indicative of user movement, including a GNSS-derived speed and step count, are monitored. Values of the first parameters are processed to determine values of second parameters indicative of movement of the user. The processing includes using values of at least one monitored parameter to generate one or more inputs to an estimator (e.g., Kalman filter) having the second parameters as estimator states. At least two of the second parameters are collectively indicative of a mapping between step frequency and step length of the user. A graphical user interface may display values of at least one of the second parameters, and/or at least one parameter derived from one or more of the second parameters.

Abstract: Systems and methods for vehicle controllers for agricultural and industrial applications are described. For example, a method includes accessing a map data structure storing a map representing locations of physical objects in a geographic area; accessing current point cloud data captured using a distance sensor connected to a vehicle; detecting a crop row based on the current point cloud data; matching the detected crop row with a crop row represented in the map; determining an estimate of a current location of the vehicle based on a current position in relation to the detected crop row; and controlling one or more actuators to cause the vehicle to move from the current location of the vehicle to a target location.

Abstract: A method for the operation of a self-propelled agricultural working machine has at least one working element and a driver assistance system for generating control actions within the working machine. A sensor arrangement for generating surroundings information is provided, and the driver assistance system generates the control actions based on the surroundings information. The sensor arrangement comprises a camera-based sensor system and a laser-based sensor system, each of which generates sensor information regarding a predetermined, relevant surroundings area of the working machine. The sensor information of the camera-based sensor system is present as starting camera images. The starting camera images are segmented into image segments by an image processing system according to a segmentation rule, and the segmented camera images are combined by a sensor fusion module with the sensor information from the laser-based sensor system.

Abstract: An agricultural vehicle monitoring system includes one or more noncontact sensors configured to sense multiple objects along a scanline. A comparative vehicle monitor is in communication with the one or more noncontact sensors. The comparative vehicle monitor is configured to provide a specified row width and to identify one or more crop rows from the scan line and determine one or more lengths of scan line segments between identified crop rows. The comparative vehicle monitor is further configured to determine a vehicle position including one or more of a vehicle angle or a vehicle location according to the specified row width and the one or more determined lengths of scan line segments between the identified crop rows.

Abstract: An agricultural harvesting machine, particularly a combine harvester or a forage harvester, has a supporting frame, a cutting mechanism, an inclined conveyor and a driver's cab. The cutting mechanism is arranged at the supporting frame by the inclined conveyor. The driver's cab is arranged at the supporting frame with the intermediary of at least one damper unit. At least one camera is arranged in an interior of the driver's cab. The camera is oriented to the cutting mechanism and/or to the inclined conveyor through a front windshield of the driver's cab. The camera is arranged in an operative area of a cleaning device of the front windshield so that a detection area of the camera can be optically acquired at least through a portion of the operative area of the cleaning device.

Abstract: A robotic sled-enhanced food preparation system includes a robotic kitchen assistant operable to determine and to perform food preparation steps, and an autonomous mobile sled operable to supply the robotic kitchen assistant with ingredients and supplies. The robotic kitchen assistant includes a scheduling engine to evaluate food inventory levels and automatically determine when to replenish the food inventories using the sled if the food inventory levels are insufficient to complete the food preparation steps. Related methods are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the concentration of oxygen in a heating furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention may comprise: a first oxygen concentration bias setting unit for receiving a set first oxygen concentration bias; a second oxygen concentration bias calculation unit for, when a measured value of carbon monoxide in exhaust gas is out of an allowable carbon monoxide range, calculating a second oxygen concentration bias by using the measured value of carbon monoxide and the concentration of oxygen measured in the exhaust gas; an oxygen concentration bias providing unit for providing an oxygen concentration bias by using the first oxygen concentration bias and the second oxygen concentration bias; and an oxygen concentration set value correction unit for correcting a set value of the concentration of oxygen by using the oxygen concentration bias.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method, including: receiving, at an information handling device, an indication to provide output; identifying that the output comprises confidential information; determining, using a processor, that the output may be heard by at least one other user; and altering, responsive to the determining, the output to conceal the confidential information. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: This document relates to an agricultural implement with hydraulic functions and a method of controlling an agricultural implement comprising receiving a speed signal which represents the advancing speed of the agricultural implement, receiving a control signal from a first user interface, allowing, if the speed fulfils a predetermined criterion, the activation of a first actuator function and of a second actuator function based on a control signal, and, if the speed does not fulfil the criterion, restricting the possibility of activating the first actuator function based on a control signal.

Abstract: An agricultural work machine configured to avoid anomalies is disclosed. Agricultural work machines may encounter anomalies, such as obstacles (e.g., tires) or irregularities in the crop (e.g., weeds), which can reduce the quality of the harvested crop. Manually steering the agricultural work machine requires the constant attention of the vehicle operator. Thus, the agricultural work machine is configured to include sensors to generate one or more images (such as images of various regions of the agricultural work machine), an image processing system to process the images and a control unit to avoid the anomalies (e.g., avoid the identified anomalies, to drive in tracks, and/or to stop the agricultural work machine).

Abstract: A heater control device for an exhaust gas sensor disposed in an exhaust gas passage of an internal combustion engine and including a sensor element having a plurality of cells, and a heater heating the sensor element includes: a heater power control unit configured to execute a temp rising control, in which an impedance of one cell to be measured, of the plurality of cells, is detected and a temperature of the sensor element is raised until the impedance of the one cell reaches a target impedance by setting a power control value of the heater as a heating power control value. The heater power control unit continues the temp rising control until an extension period elapses that is needed for the other cell other than the one cell to reach an activation temperature after the impedance of the one cell reaches the target impedance.

Abstract: In the prior art, detection sensitivity was fixed for an obstacle detection means provided to an autonomous travelling service vehicle; therefore, in the present invention an autonomous travelling service vehicle is provided with a position calculation means that determines the position of the chassis using a satellite positioning system, and with a control device that automatically drives the vehicle along a set travel route and causes the vehicle to execute the service, wherein an obstacle sensor that acts as an obstacle detection means for detecting whether or not an obstacle is present around the autonomous travelling service vehicle and a sensitivity adjustment means for adjusting the sensitivity of the obstacle sensor are provided, and the sensitivity of the obstacle sensor is adjusted by the sensitivity adjustment means so as to be high within a set work area and low outside the set work area.

Abstract: A method for controlling an agricultural vehicle includes receiving, via a processor, a first signal from a user interface indicative of a value of at least one parameter. The method also includes determining, via the processor, a path of the agricultural vehicle toward a guidance swath based at least in part on the at least one parameter. In addition, the method includes outputting, via the processor, a second signal to a display of the user interface indicative of instructions to present a graphical representation of the path of the agricultural vehicle. Furthermore, the method includes controlling the agricultural vehicle, via the processor, based at least in part on the at least one parameter upon receiving at least a third signal from the user interface indicative of acceptance of the value of the at least one parameter.

Abstract: A rework system for a vehicle having an inconsistency on a component of the vehicle. A rework assessor is configured to examine a rework parameter array to ascertain whether a rework procedure is to be performed. The rework parameter array defines at least volumetric dimensions of the component, a type of the inconsistency, and location coordinates of the inconsistency with respect to the component or the vehicle. A rework interrogator is in communication with the rework assessor. The rework interrogator is configured to, when a rework is to be performed, identify a candidate for addressing the inconsistency. The candidate selected from the group that includes: a candidate part, a candidate rework procedure, and both the candidate part and the candidate rework procedure.

Abstract: A calibration method is disclosed. The method includes locating a focal point of a laser relative to at least one reference datum of a workspace, the focal point being where the laser produces machining. The method also includes machining at least one reference mark onto a work piece via the laser machining at the focal point and measuring an offset between a reference point on the work piece and the at least one reference mark.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating a temperature distribution history in the case of line-heating flat-plate steel by high frequency induction.

Abstract: A method of operating a heating plate for a substrate support assembly used to support a semiconductor substrate in a semiconductor processing apparatus, wherein the heating plate comprises power supply lines and power return lines and respective heater zone connected between every pair of power supply line and power return line. The method reduces maximum currents carried by the power supply lines and power return lines by temporally spreading current pulses for powering the heater zones.

Abstract: A system and method for making adjustments to output effort from a spindle driver using a multi-stage nested control loop of an active controller to provide constant power to a friction stir zone during a friction stir operation. Providing constant power facilitates temperature control within the friction stir zone and thereby improves the result of the operation such as a weld.

Abstract: A method for achieving an etch rate is described. The method includes receiving a calculated variable associated with processing a work piece in a plasma chamber. The method further includes propagating the calculated variable through a model to generate a value of the calculated variable at an output of the model, identifying a calculated processing rate associated with the value, and identifying based on the calculated processing rate a pre-determined processing rate. The method also includes identifying a pre-determined variable to be achieved at the output based on the pre-determined processing rate and identifying a characteristics associated with a real and imaginary portions of the pre-determined variable. The method includes controlling variable circuit components to achieve the characteristics to further achieve the pre-determined variable.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field tuning and detection apparatus generates in to a material space and in at least two different directions radio frequency electromagnetic fields adapted to resonate in different directions at a different frequency on the basis of a material insertable into the material space; and a signal processing unit configured to determine a moisture content of the material on the basis of a resonance frequency of each electromagnetic field and quality of each resonance in different directions. While controlling a process, a control system comprises a measurement chamber and an electromagnetic field tuning and detection apparatus placed on each material feed line of the process. A controller may control the process on the basis of each determined moisture content on each feed line.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of forming a concrete structure or object. The method comprises detecting the temperature of a quantity of curing concrete and selectively adding heat to the curing concrete, so that the temperature of the curing concrete follows a predetermined temperature profile during at least a portion of the concrete curing process. Apparatus for performing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: When a temperature of a semiconductor wafer is controlled to be a target temperature by raising the temperature of the semiconductor wafer, switching is performed so that a high-temperature circulating liquid at a temperature higher than the target temperature in a high-temperature tank is supplied into an inside-stage flow channel, and respective thermoelectric elements in a plurality of zones in a stage are controlled; and then, the temperature of the semiconductor wafer matches the target temperature and a desired in-plane temperature distribution of the semiconductor wafer is provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining the location of a mobile robot within a data storage library and to a library including such systems and utilizing such methods.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring various process parameters, primarily in connection with processes for the sterilization of particulate foods in a continuous thermal process, make use of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) that provide process-related data for batch or continuous thermal treatment when the circuit is embedded in a particle subjected to such treatment. The preferred methods are described in connection with process design, and with at least near real-time process control using process data provided by such circuits.

Abstract: The invention discloses adaptive method for manufacturing of parts of the similar complex shape by using hot isostatic pressing of powder materials and irreversibly deformable capsules and inserts utilized as adaptation tools. The method is based on creation of a virtual part by mathematical computer modeling of densification and shrinkage; manufacturing of a test part; determination of discrepancies between manufactured test part and virtual test part; adaptation of mathematical model by virtual iterations so that discrepancies between manufactured and virtual and parts are minimized; manufacturing of every complex shape part of the given group by using adoptive method skipping the step of manufacturing a test part.

Abstract: A low visibility landing system is provided for guiding aircraft on landing approaches. The low visibility landing system may aid a pilot during landing in low visibility conditions such that an aircraft may descend to lower altitudes without visual contact with the runway than is possible with other landing systems. The system may use various navigational systems to produce a hybrid signal that may be more stable than individual signals of those navigational systems. The hybrid signal is compared to a predetermined landing approach plan to determine the deviation of the aircraft from the landing approach plan and to provide guidance to the pilot to get the aircraft back onto the landing approach plan. The system may also use multiple navigational systems to perform checks on an operation of a primary navigational system to ensure that the primary navigational system is operating accurately.

Abstract: A processing temperature of thermal processing is corrected based on measurement of a first dimension of a resist pattern on a substrate from a previously obtained relation between a dimension of a resist pattern and a temperature of thermal processing, a second dimension of the resist pattern after thermal processing is performed at the corrected processing temperature is measured, a distribution within the substrate of the second dimension is classified into a linear component expressed by an approximated curved surface and a nonlinear component, a processing condition of exposure processing is corrected based on the linear component from a previously obtained relation between a dimension of a resist pattern and a processing condition of exposure processing, and thermal processing at the processing temperature corrected in a temperature correcting step and exposure processing under the processing condition corrected in an exposure condition correcting step are performed to form a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: In a method of controlling a heating cooking apparatus, when a generated steam volume at a forced finish time Tn?1 determined based on a minimum volume-minimum steam curve does not reach a minimum steam volume B1 determined based on a slowly rising maximum volume-maximum steam curve, the generated steam volume is smaller than in the case of a food having a maximum weight. Therefore, it can be judged that heating is performed in a no-load condition with an exceedingly small generated steam volume, and the operation of the heating cooking apparatus is forcedly stopped. When a generated steam volume at a maximum detection time Tm+1 does not reach a standard steam volume A determined based on the maximum volume-maximum steam curve, it is judged that a large amount of food exceeding a maximum amount is being heated and the operation of the heating cooking apparatus is forcedly stopped.

Abstract: Hot embossing may be more advantageous than other polymer microfabrication processes. An example embodiment of the present invention relates to a method and corresponding apparatus for developing a computationally inexpensive viscoelastic model for the hot embossing of complex patterns. These developed models may help engineers refine their selection of processing parameters based upon successive simulations of the embossing process. The example embodiment models deformation of a deformable body embossed with a stamp as a function of convolving a point-load-time response and a contact pressure distribution. In order to generate the point-load-time response, a time-dependent response of a surface of the thermoplastic to system inputs applied to an elemental region of the surface of the thermoplastic may be employed. The example embodiment generates an estimate of the contact pressure distribution as a function of the point-load-time response and an average pressure applied to the stamp.

Abstract: A processor including a microarchitecture adapted for invalidating mapping of at least one logical address to at least one absolute address, includes: at least one translation lookaside buffer (TLB) and a plurality of copies thereof; logic for independent indexing of each copy of the TLB; a plurality of comparators, each comparator associated with a respective output of each TLB set output for each TLB port, wherein each of the comparators is adapted for identifying mappings for invalidation; and logic for invalidating each identified mapping. A method and a computer program product are provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to perform temperature setting of a heating plate so that a wafer is uniformly heated in an actual heat processing time. The temperature of a wafer is measured during a heat processing period from immediately after a temperature measuring wafer is mounted on the heating plate to the time when the actual heat processing time elapses. Whether the uniformity in temperature within the wafer is allowable or not is determined from the temperature of the wafer in the heat processing period, and if the determination result is negative, a correction value for a temperature setting parameter of the heating plate is calculated using a correction value calculation model from the measurement result, and the temperature setting parameter is changed.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for providing geographic data to end users' mobile units from a remotely located navigation services provider so that navigation functions can be provided locally on the mobile units. The navigation services provider determines one or more map tile exit points along the route and sends the tile exit points and a set of map tiles to the mobile unit. The mobile unit calculates a route from its current position to the farthest map tile exit point for which map tile data has been received from the navigations services provider.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing welding-type power is disclosed and includes a database, preferably with a DBMS, and preferably embedded. The welding-type system includes a source of power, and a controller connected to the source of power. The DBMS may be part of the welding controller. A method of monitoring a welding-type system is also disclosed, and includes monitoring data and storing the data in an embedded database. The database may include data organized in a plurality of columns and rows, and the date may relate to one or more welding processes, data relating to welding parameters, including one or more of commanded welding voltages, welding current, wire feed speed, data relating to one or more welding sequences, and/or one or more fedback welding parameters such as current, voltage, welding time, ramp rates and wire feed speed. The data may be located in a file in an operating system, in a file on a personal computer, and/or in a file networked to the welding-type system.

Abstract: A coating film forming apparatus includes a process section including one or more coating units and one or more thermally processing units; a pre-coating cleaning unit configured to perform cleaning on a back surface and an edge portion of a substrate; and a pre-coating check unit configured to check a state of a back surface and an edge portion of the substrate. A control section is configured to realize a sequence of cleaning the substrate by the pre-coating cleaning unit, checking the substrate by the pre-coating check unit, making a judgment based on a check result thus obtained of whether or not a state of particles on a back surface and an edge portion of the substrate is within an acceptable range, and permitting transfer of the substrate into the process section where the state of particles is within the acceptable range.

Abstract: Systems and methods for limiting heating to prevent explosions in a gaseous environment containing an industrial control system are described. A method may include controlling heating in an electrical circuit component in response to a circuit failure so as to avoid reaching a temperature at or above a flash point of a gaseous component of the gaseous environment.

Abstract: A semiconductor manufacturing method includes a determination of, when the heater is controlled using a first output control pattern, an output amount by differential operation, and an output amount by a proportional operation such that a temperature detected by the first thermometer becomes a target temperature from a temperature at a ramp-up start time, patterning a part of an operation amount of the heater by using a first heat amount to determine a second output control pattern, the second heat amount being determined based on a temperature detected by the second thermometer and being defined at a period from the ramp-up start time to a time of maximum temperature, the operation amount of the heater being defined at the period, and a processing of the substrate while controlling the heater by using the second output control pattern.

Abstract: A method of building construction includes designing a building with software for execution on a computer such that an envelope of the building principally comprises expanded polystyrene foam panels, and the software is used to automatically generate a plan with reference numbers that identify substantially all the component pieces of the building. The software and computer are coupled to a computer aided design (CAD) program for generating computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling commands for expanded polystyrene foam panels, and a cut-list for steel reinforcing studs to fit into matching slots milled into the expanded polystyrene foam panels. At least the expanded polystyrene foam panels and matching steel reinforcing studs are marked with identifying numbers corresponding to the reference numbers. The expanded polystyrene foam panels are milled with a CNC machine and panel cutter according to CNC milling commands from the CAD program.

Abstract: A remotely programmable food product holding system includes a hand held computer and a food product holding apparatus. The computer includes a processor, touch screen display, and a first communication interface. Data is entered into the hand held computer and transmitted to the food product holding apparatus. The holding apparatus includes a second communication interface, a timer system, and a temperature control system. The timer and temperature control systems are programmed by data transmitted from the hand held computer. A method of remotely programming a food product holding apparatus includes the steps of coupling a hand held computer to a food product holding apparatus, downloading data from the food product holding apparatus, comparing the downloaded data with a file stored in the computer, displaying differences found in the comparison, updating the downloaded data in accordance with the stored file, and uploading the updated data to the food product holding apparatus.

Abstract: In a vertical-type heat processing apparatus, it is intended to stabilize the temperature of an inner wall of the reaction vessel upon loading as well as to reduce particle contamination, for example, by suppressing peeling of films attached to the inner wall. An inner wall temperature sensor is attached, in advance, to the inner wall of the reaction vessel, so as to obtain each time series data of detection values of the inner wall temperature sensor and a command value of power to be supplied to heating means. The inner wall temperature is predicted from the command value of the power obtained just before, based on the data, during an initial time of loading, so as to use the predicted value of the inner wall temperature as an object to be controlled.

Abstract: Soldering can be performed in a state where the temperature in an object zone is stable, regardless of the heat capacity of a soldering object. A soldering device includes: a position calculation unit which calculates the position of a heated object according to operational information of a conveyer which sequentially transfers the heated object into a plurality of zones for heat processing communicated with each other; a heat capacity calculation unit which calculates the heat capacity of the heated object; and a temperature management unit which controls the temperature in an object zone into which the heated object is carried, upon receiving positional information from the position calculation unit. The temperature management unit feedforward-controls the temperature in the object zone by adjusting the heat capacity of the object zone according to the heat capacity calculated by the heat capacity calculation unit.

Abstract: A system and method for producing locally austempered ductile iron includes a computer program for closely controlling the heating and cooling of an iron part or workpiece. The process allows for the austempering of a relatively low cost iron workpiece to produce significantly higher quality end products. The locally austempered regions may be formed to a substantial controlled depth.

Abstract: A method of precision surface re-profiling of a composite polymeric component comprising a region capable of being re-profiled, comprising the steps of locating the polymeric composite component with a formable surface relative to a supporting fixture, the thickness of component comprising the formable surface being greater than the desired final thickness in a region to be re-profiled, moving a forming head into position into contact with the formable surface of the composite component with the aid of precision location or measurement sensors, causing the formable surface of the component to flow under the tool and creating a precisely defined local thickness or profile of component under the forming tool, and moving the forming head along the region of the component to be re-profiled, while maintaining the forming tool at a predetermined height profile or while leaving the re-profiled component with a predetermined thickness profile.

Abstract: A temperature regulating method in a thermal processing system includes controlling a heating means by performing integral operation, differential operation and proportional operation by means of a heating control section in a manner a detection temperature by a temperature detecting means becomes a predetermined target temperature, determining a first output control pattern by patterning a first operation amount for the heating control section to control the heating means depending upon a detection temperature detected by a first temperature detecting means, in controlling the heating means controlling the heating means by means of the heating control section depending upon the first output control pattern determined, and determining a second output control pattern by patterning at least a part of a second operation amount for the heating control section to control the heating means depending upon a detection temperature detected by a second temperature detecting means, in controlling the heating means.

Abstract: The present invention generally comprises a method for dynamically controlling the temperature of a solar cell substrate during microcrystalline silicon deposition. In amorphous silicon/microcrystalline tandem solar cells, microcrystalline silicon may be deposited using a higher power density and to a greater thickness than amorphous silicon. The higher the power density applied, the faster the deposition may occur, but the temperature of the deposition may also increase. At high temperatures, the likelihood of dopant diffusing into the intrinsic layer of the solar cell and damaging the cell is greater. By dynamically controlling the temperature of the susceptor, the substrate and hence, the dopant can be maintained at a substantially constant temperature below the value at which the dopant may diffuse into the intrinsic layer. The dynamic temperature control permits the microcrystalline silicon to be deposited at a high power density without damaging the solar cell.

Abstract: A system for controlling the process of cooking a variety of food items at a single cooking apparatus which includes a cooking computer for controlling the operation of the apparatus. A database is operatively connected to the computer recipes for controlling the cooking of each food item are stored in the database. The apparatus has a plurality of product keys. Each key activates the cooking computer to perform a recipe. The association of a respective recipe to a designated product key is stored in the database. At least one time period is associated with each recipe corresponding to a time when the recipe is associated with a product key. The association is stored in the database and the cooking computer causes the recipe to be associated product key when the real time corresponds to the time period associated with the product key.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling and adjusting heat distribution over a part bed are disclosed. In one embodiment, a technique for providing a calibrated heat distribution over a part bed includes determining the temperature distribution within a part bed, generating a zone heat distribution for a plurality of heat zones from the temperature distribution, analyzing the zone heat distribution to create an adjustment command to calibrate a heater for providing a substantially consistent temperature distribution within the part bed, and adjusting the heater based on the adjustment command.

Abstract: Temperature setting of a thermal plate is performed so that the line width of a resist pattern is uniformly formed within a wafer. The thermal plate of a PEB unit is divided into a plurality of thermal plate regions so that the temperature can be set for each of the thermal plate regions. A temperature correction value for adjusting the temperature within the wafer mounted on the thermal plate is set for each of the thermal plate regions of the thermal plate. The temperature correction value for each of the thermal plate regions of the thermal plate is set after calculation by a calculation model created from a correlation between a line width of the resist pattern formed by thermal processing on the thermal plate and the temperature correction value. The calculation model M calculates the temperature correction value to make the line width uniform within the wafer, based on a line width measured value of the resist pattern.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and software program for validation of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes and quality assurance process are described and disclosed herein. Consequently, the methods provide a means to perform validation on an integrated level whereby the quality control unit can ensure data and product integrity and minimize cost.

Abstract: A raster-based system for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) guidance includes a vehicle-mounted GNSS antenna and receiver. A processor provides guidance and/or autosteering commands based on GNSS-defined pixels forming a grid representing an area to be treated, such as a field. Specific guidance and chemical application methods are provided based on the pixel-defined treatment areas and preprogrammed chemical application prescription maps, which can include variable chemical application rates and dynamic control of the individual nozzles of a sprayer.