Abstract: A method for picking first breaks on a synthetic seismic dataset for a full wavefield travel-time inversion is provided. This method includes obtaining a synthetic seismic dataset and for each synthetic trace, determining a plurality of synthetic trace amplitude maxima and minima, determining a modified energy ratio trace, and forming a trace mask based at least in part, on an amplitude of the synthetic trace and on an amplitude of the modified energy ratio trace. The method further includes determining for each synthetic trace, a positive estimated first break based on the plurality of synthetic trace amplitude maxima and the trace mask and a negative estimated first bread based on the plurality of synthetic trace amplitude minima and the trace mask. The method concludes with determining a predicted first break for each synthetic trace from the positive estimate first break and the negative estimate first break.

Abstract: To obtain a global optimal navigation track, a contour line matching method based on sliding window data backtracking includes the steps of determining sliding window parameters according to the calculation performance of a real-time multi-task operating system and aided navigation precision requirements, constructing a sliding window data backtracking framework by using historical physical field value matching data, obtaining a rotation transformation matrix from an indication track point set to a closest reference point set by adopting a matrix eigenvalue and eigenvector decomposition method, and moving a sliding window and performing forward and reverse cyclic matching to achieve a global track constraint, thereby improving the matching precision and robustness.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a three-dimensional in-situ characterization method for heterogeneity in generating and reserving performances of shale. The method includes the following steps: establishing a logging in-situ interpretation model of generating and reserving parameters based on lithofacies-lithofacies-well coupling, and completing single-well interpretation; establishing a 3D seismic in-situ interpretation model of generating and reserving parameters by using well-seismic coupling; establishing a spatial in-situ framework of a layer group based on lithofacies-well-seismic coupling, and establishing a spatial distribution trend framework of small layers of a shale formation by using 3D visualized comparison of a vertical well; and implementing 3D in-situ accurate characterization of shale generating and reserving performance parameters by using lithofacies-well-seismic coupling based on the establishment of the seismic-lithofacies dual-control parameter field.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining a spectral ratio log using a time domain seismic image and a seismic velocity model are disclosed. The method includes determining a first mono-spectral seismic image and a second mono-spectral seismic image from the time domain seismic image. The method further includes determining a time domain spectral ratio image from the first mono-spectral seismic image and the second mono-spectral seismic image and transforming the time domain spectral ratio image into a depth domain spectral ratio image using the seismic velocity model. The method still further includes defining a wellbore path through the depth domain spectral ratio image and determining a spectral ratio log along the wellbore path from the depth domain spectral ratio.

Abstract: Using machine learning for sedimentary facies prediction by using one or more logs acquired in a borehole. This includes performing a petrophysical clustering of borehole depths wherein the depths of the borehole are gathered into clusters based on similarities in the one or more logs. Also performed is a log inclusion optimization, including a selection of one or more parameters of the petrophysical clustering, wherein the one or more parameters include a number and/or type of considered logs among the one or more logs and/or a clustering method. Also performed is a classification of the clusters into core depositional facies using one or more predetermined rules.

Abstract: A method of analysing seismic data to detect possible hydrocarbons includes determining a set of data tiles from a seismic data cube of seismic data and testing each data tile in the set of data tiles to determine whether it corresponds to a possible fluid contact.

Abstract: A gravity inversion method and system based on a meshfree method.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for estimating S-wave velocities by learning well logs, whereby the method includes a model formation step of forming an S-wave estimation model to output S-wave velocities corresponding to measured depth when the well logs are input based on train data sets including train data having values of multiple factors included in the well logs, the values being arranged corresponding to measured depth, and label data having S-wave velocities corresponding to measured depth as answers, and an S-wave velocity estimation step of inputting unseen data having values of multiple factors included in well logs acquired from a well at which S-wave velocities are to be estimated, the values being arranged corresponding to measured depth, to the S-wave estimation model to estimate S-wave velocities corresponding to measured depth.

Abstract: A method is described for inverting seismic data including obtaining well logs representative of subsurface volumes of interest; generating an amplitude variation with angle (AVA) database from the well logs by seismic modeling, wherein the seismic modeling is performed a plurality of times for all combinations of fluid substitutions of brine, oil, and gas and low porosity, mid-porosity, and high porosity; generating a trained AVA model using the AVA database; obtaining a seismic dataset; calibrating the seismic dataset; computing seismic attributes for the calibrated seismic dataset using statistics for AVA classification; and generating direct hydrocarbon indicators as a function of position in the subsurface volume of interest by applying the trained AVA model to the seismic attributes. The method is executed by a computer system.

Abstract: A stimulation includes an injection of a volume of fluid into a formation. A method includes obtaining a mechanical earth model of the formation, modeling a hydraulic fracture growth pattern in the formation from a stimulation of the formation, determining an increase in pressure in the formation resulting from the stimulation, and predicting whether a seismic event will occur in the formation based on the increase in pressure.

Abstract: Provided is an autonomous ship navigation apparatus including an acquisition unit configured to acquire a surrounding environment image, marine information, and navigation information, a map generation unit configured to generate a grid map by displaying topography, a host ship, and an obstacle corresponding to the marine information and the navigation information in the surrounding environment image, and a sailing method determination unit configured to determine a sailing method of a ship through deep reinforcement learning based on the grid map, the marine information, and the navigation information.

Abstract: Methods and systems for forming a three-dimensional (“3D”) seismic image of a subterranean region of interest is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a seismic dataset a seismic trace for each of a plurality of pairs of one source and one receiver location and obtaining a 3D travel-time cube for each source location and each receiver location. The method further includes dividing the seismic dataset into a plurality of seismic subsets composed of set of source locations, set of receiver locations a seismic trace for each pair of source and receiver location and the 3D travel-time cube for each source for each receiver location. The method still further includes transmitting, to a random-access memory block of a computer processing unit the seismic subset, and forming a seismic partial image based on the seismic subset, and determining the 3D seismic image based on a combination of the seismic partial images.

Abstract: Systems, computer readable, and methods concern receiving seismic data representing a subsurface volume. The method also includes determining, for the seismic data, analysis coordinates as a function of time. One or more of the analysis coordinates may vary in position over time. The method includes performing at least one of an interpolation or regularization process on the seismic data based at least partially on the analysis coordinates. The method also includes outputting a result of the at least one of the interpolation or regularization process.

Abstract: A method of using a fractalization protocol to control the operation or travel path of a vehicle during travel or flight, includes a plurality of sensors that detect the occurrence of an event or travel path deviation. A master fractal controller initiates a space-variant fractalization protocol in order to collect the input data related to the detected event. In response to the input data, if the master space-variant fractalization protocol detects a deficiency in data resolution of the collected input data it identifies the slave controllers that are relevant to compensate for such deficiency. The master space-variant fractalization protocol then initiates slave fractals that correspond to the identified slave controllers for collecting additional input data and that define adjustable slave fractalization protocols. The space-variant fractalization protocol then causes the slave fractalization protocols to collect the additional input data.

Abstract: Systems and methods of placing wells in a hydrocarbon field based on seismic attributes and quality indicators associated with a subterranean formation of the hydrocarbon field can include receiving seismic attributes representing the subterranean formation and seismic data quality indicators. A cutoff is generated for each seismic attribute and seismic data quality indicator. A weight is assigned to each seismic attribute and seismic data quality indicator. The weighted seismic attributes and data quality indicators are aggregated for each location in the hydrocarbon field. A risk ranking is assigned based on the weighted seismic attributes and data quality indicators associated with each location in the hydrocarbon field based on the cutoffs. A map is generated with each location on the surface of the subterranean formation color-coded based on its assigned risk ranking.

Abstract: Some implementations of the present disclosure provide a method that include: accessing a set of seismic traces from a grid of locations inside an geo-exploration area, each seismic trace records seismic reflections from underneath the geo-exploration area at a location of the grid; accessing an input indicating a surface in the set of seismic traces; extracting a plurality of wavelets from the set of seismic traces, each wavelet covering an adjustable length around the surface; determining a reference wavelet for each wavelet of a corresponding adjustable length; and quantifying a quality of the surface based on correlating the plurality of wavelets with each reference wavelet of the corresponding adjustable length.

Abstract: A surface wave prospecting method for jointly extracting Rayleigh wave frequency dispersion characteristics in a seismoelectric field. A surface wave prospecting method includes following steps of: acquiring jointly acquired data, where the jointly acquired data includes seismic wave data and electric field data; carrying out jointly imaging processing on jointly acquired data to obtain a superposed frequency dispersion spectrum; carrying out extraction processing on superposed frequency dispersion spectrum to obtain a frequency dispersion curve, outperforming inversion processing on frequency dispersion curve to obtain a stratum structure profile. As seismic wave data and electric field data are adopted to carry out combined imaging processing to obtain superposed frequency dispersion spectrum, multi-mode frequency dispersion curve is extracted, multiplicity of solutions of inversion is greatly reduced during inversion, precision and stability of surface wave prospecting are greatly improved.

Abstract: A method includes receiving seismic data for a geologic region of the Earth; building a velocity model of the geologic region of the Earth; selecting at least one mode of multiple and corresponding travel time data from a data storage where the travel time data correspond to at least one complex ray signature in the geologic region of the Earth and are based at least in part on the velocity model; performing migration on the seismic data using at least the selected travel time data to generate processed seismic data; and rendering an image of the geologic region of the Earth to a display where the image includes at least a multiple image.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a seismic data volume comprising seismic information of subterranean formations and receiving a set of seismic traces of the seismic data volume. The method also includes, determining, along each seismic trace of the set of seismic traces, a set of seed points comprising minimum or maximum onsets. Further, the method includes sorting the set of seed points into a sorted set of seed points by absolute amplitude values of the set of seed points. Furthermore, the method includes generating a horizon representation of every seismic event in the seismic data volume by automatically tracking horizons throughout an entirety of the seismic data volume from the sorted set of seed points in an order of the absolute amplitude values of the sorted set of seed points. Additionally, the method includes generating a graphical user interface that includes the horizon representation for display on a display device.

Abstract: Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method includes concurrently outputting, by a computing device to a display of the computing device, a graphical time-domain interpretation of seismic data, a graphical velocity model related to the seismic data, and a graphical depth-domain interpretation of the seismic data. The method may further include identifying, by the computing device, a first alteration to one of the time-domain interpretation, the velocity model, and the depth-domain interpretation. The method may further include identifying, by the computing device based on the first alteration, a second alteration to another of the time-domain interpretation, the velocity model, and the depth-domain interpretation. The method may further include updating, by the computing device based on the first alteration and the second alteration, at least two of the graphical time-domain interpretation, the graphical velocity model, and the graphical depth-domain interpretation.

Abstract: In examples, threads of a schedulable unit (e.g., a warp or wavefront) of a parallel processor may be used to sample visibility of pixels with respect to one or more light sources. The threads may receive the results of the sampling performed by other threads in the schedulable unit to compute a value that indicates whether a region corresponds to a penumbra (e.g., using a wave intrinsic function). Each thread may correspond to a respective pixel and the region may correspond to the pixels of the schedulable unit. A frame may be divided into the regions with each region corresponding to a respective schedulable unit. In denoising ray-traced shadow information, the values for the regions may be used to avoid applying a denoising filter to pixels of regions that are outside of a penumbra while applying the denoising filter to pixels of regions that are within a penumbra.

Abstract: Methods of oil and gas exploration that may include: obtaining wavefield data representing recordings from a propagating wavefield through a geophysical volume; obtaining at least one reference digital image of a portion or all of the geophysical volume generated from the recorded wavefield data, wherein the reference image may have a reference sampling ratio and a reference image quality value; selecting a holographic computational method of imaging the wavefield data; selecting a data subset from the wavefield data based on one or more parameters selected from the group consisting of field sampling, imaging sampling, and image quality; decimating the data subset, wherein the decimated data subset may represent a sampling ratio less than the reference sampling ratio; and generating a new digital image based on the selected holographic computational method of imaging, the data subset, and parameters corresponding to the data sub set.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for automatically correlating geologic tops. The system receives well logs from different well bores and each of the picks is added to a priority queue ordered by each pick's quality measure. User selected picks are assigned the highest level of quality measure. The system performs correlation by selecting a window of well log data about a pick selected from the top of the priority queue and then finding the best optimal match with a corresponding window in a neighboring wellbore.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and system for monitoring a wellbore object using a reflected pressure signal. The method discloses providing at least one pump for performing hydraulic fracturing or a source of hydraulic pulse so that pressure signal propagates along the wellbore and reflects from the borehole objects; providing pressure sensor at wellhead; preprocessing of registered reflected pressure signal and pump noise; transforming the registered reflected pressure signal and pump noise from the frequency domain into time-frequency representation with Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), computing a pump noise mask; applying the pump noise mask to the STFT representation to obtain a filtered reflected pressure signal; processing of the filtered reflected pressure signal for determining the reflection time from the downhole object, calculating the depth of the downhole object from reflected pressure signal by multiplying of the reflection time by the pressure signal propagation velocity.

Abstract: Seismic data are obtained by recording simultaneously in seismic streamer, acquired by activating approximately simultaneously two or more seismic sources towed at two positions in the vicinity of seismic streamers. A residual is updated iteratively for an inversion solution for the activations of the two or more seismic sources. The iterative updating of the residuals utilizes a sequence of overlapping temporal windows containing reflection events and utilizes normal moveout corrections based on largest reflection events in each temporal window. A final updated residual is added to a final updated model result.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for seismic analysis include obtaining an initial geophysical model and seismic data for a subsurface region; producing a subsurface image of the subsurface region with the seismic data and the geophysical model; generating a map of one or more geologic features of the subsurface region by automatically interpreting the subsurface image; and iteratively updating the geophysical model, subsurface image, and map of geologic features by: building an updated geophysical model based on the geophysical model of a prior iteration constrained by one or more geologic features from the prior iteration; imaging the seismic data with the updated geophysical model to produce an updated subsurface image; and automatically interpreting the updated subsurface image to generate an updated map of geologic features.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating a full elastic tensor. The method may comprise taking a measurement for compressional wave sonic data and cross-dipole shear data with a sonic logging tool at a first location as cross-dipole data, processing the compressional wave sonic data to produce a compressional wave slowness (P), and processing the cross-dipole shear data to produce a fast horizontal polarized shear wave slowness (SH) and a slow quazi-vertical shear wave slowness (qSV) as a function of depth. The method may further comprise setting an initial guess for at least five constants of the full elastic tensor for Vertical Transversely Isotropy (VTI) symmetry, determining a modeled slowness surfaces from the full elastic tensor, and comparing the modeled slowness surfaces with measured values of the P, the SH, and the qSV. The method may be performed by a system comprising a sonic logging tool and an information handling system.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for generating a subsurface image using diffraction energy information are disclosed. The systems, methods, and apparatuses may include converting a shot gather into one or more plane-wave gather using a Radon transform. The plane-wave gathers may be extrapolated into source-side wavefields and receiver-side wavefields and further generate a pseudo dip-angle gather. The diffraction energy information may be extracted from the pseudo dip-angle gather, and an image containing subsurface features may be generated from the extracted diffraction energy information. The receiver-side wavefields may be decomposed using a recursive Radon transform.

Abstract: A hydrophone array tool as described herein is configured to locate leakages throughout a borehole with improved accuracy using acoustic beamforming techniques with acoustic velocity estimation. An acoustic beamforming processor generates an initial beamforming map and corresponding initial estimated leakage location using acoustic measurements throughout the borehole. The acoustic beamforming processor generates additional beamforming maps at the initial estimated leakage location, each additional beamforming map corresponding to an acoustic velocity within a range of anticipated acoustic velocities. An acoustic velocity estimator determines an acoustic velocity corresponding to a beamforming map with spatial statistics that indicate a most prominent leakage location. The acoustic beamforming processor updates the leakage location according to this beamforming map for improved accuracy.

Abstract: A system and method can be used for to calibrating time-lapse seismic volumes by cross-migration rescaling and reorientation for use in determining optimal wellbore placement or production in a subsurface environment. Certain aspects include methods for cross-migration of data sets processed using different migration techniques. Pre-processing of the data sets, optimization of rescaling and reorientation, and identification of adjustment parameters associated with minimum global error can be used to achieve a time-dependent formation data set that addresses error in all input data sets.

Abstract: A method can include acquiring imagery of an exposed surface of the Earth; generating a multi-dimensional model based at least in part on the imagery; generating synthetic seismic data utilizing the multi-dimensional model; acquiring seismic data of a subsurface region of the Earth; performing a search that matches a portion of the acquired seismic data and a portion of the synthetic seismic data; and characterizing the subsurface region of the Earth based at least in part on the portion of the synthetic seismic data.

Abstract: A seismic time-frequency analysis method based on generalized Chirplet transform with time-synchronized extraction, which has higher level of energy aggregation in the time direction and can better describe and characterize the local characteristics of seismic signals, and is applicable to the time-frequency characteristic representation of both harmonic signals and pulse signals, comprising the steps of processing generalized Chirplet transform with time-synchronized extraction for each seismic signal to obtain a time spectrum by: carrying out generalized Chirplet transform, calculating group delay operator and carrying out time-synchronized extraction on seismic signals, thereby the boundary and heterogeneity structure of the rock slice are more accurately and clearly shown and subsequence seismic analysis and interpretation are facilitated.

Abstract: Methods and devices for seismic exploration of an underground structure apply W2-based full-wave inversion to transformed synthetic and seismic data. Data transformation ensures that the synthetic and seismic data are positive definite and have the same mass using an adaptive normalization. This approach yields superior results particularly when the underground structure includes salt bodies.

Abstract: Optimizing seismic to depth conversion to enhance subsurface operations including measuring seismic data in a subsurface formation, dividing the subsurface formation into a training area and a study area, dividing the seismic data into training seismic data and study seismic data, wherein the training seismic data corresponds to the training area, and wherein the study seismic data corresponds to the study area, calculating target depth data corresponding to the training area, training a machine learning model using training inputs and training targets, wherein the training inputs comprise the training seismic data, and wherein the training targets comprise the target depth data, computing, by the machine learning model, output depth data corresponding to the study area based at least in part on the study seismic data; and modifying one or more subsurface operations corresponding to the study area based at least in part on the output depth data.

Abstract: A method for subsurface fault extraction using undirected graphs is provided. Extracting faults in the subsurface may assist in various stages of geophysical prospecting. To that end, an undirected graph may be used in order to identify distinctive fault branches in the subsurface. Fault probability data, from seismic data, may be used to establish connections in the undirected graph. Thereafter, some of the connections in the undirected graph may be removed based on analyzing one or more attributes, such as dip, azimuth, or context, associated with the connections or nodes associated with the connections. After which, the undirected graph may be analyzed in order to extract the faults in the subsurface.

Abstract: Systems and computer readable media are described that actuate at least one marine seismic source according to a constrained sequence. The sequence exhibits an actuation time or distance interval between each actuation. The actuation time or distance interval corresponds to the sum of a nominal time or distance and a respective dither time or dither distance for each actuation. The sequence is constrained such that differences between consecutive dither times or dither distances remain within a threshold dither difference. Constraining the sequence according to the threshold dither difference enables increased bottom speeds for the source (i.e., increased speeds of the source relative to the seafloor), while still maintaining at least a minimum actuation time or distance interval for the source, taking into account both the nominal time or distance and the respective dither times or dither differences.

Abstract: System and methods for predicting time-dependent rock properties are provided. Seismic data for a subsurface formation is acquired over a plurality of time intervals. A value of at least one rock property of the subsurface formation is calculated for each of the plurality of time intervals, based on the corresponding seismic data acquired for that time interval. At least one of a trend or a spatio-temporal relationship in the seismic data is determined based on the value of the at least one rock property calculated for each time interval. A value of the at least one rock property is estimated for a future time interval, based on the determination. The estimated value of the at least one rock property is used to select a location for a wellbore to be drilled within the subsurface formation. The wellbore is then drilled at the selected location.

Abstract: A method for predicting a pressure window for drilling a borehole in a formation includes: obtaining a pore pressure related data value of the formation using a data acquisition tool; predicting pore pressure uncertainty from the pore pressure related data value of the formation using a processor; estimating uncertainty of a pressure window for drilling fluid using the predicted pore pressure uncertainty using a processor; and applying the estimated uncertainty to the pressure window to provide a modified pressure window using a processor.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media utilize data stacking to facilitate identification and/or correction of data interpretation conducted for a subsurface formation. Related data sets, such as well logs, may be displayed along with markers representing a common entity in the related data sets, such as formation features in a surface formation, and a visualization of stacked data may be generated and centered on the markers to highlight mis-alignment of any of the markers.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for reducing error in data compression and decompression when data is transmitted over low bandwidth communication links, such as satellite links. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for variable block size compression for gridded data, efficiently storing null values in gridded data, and eliminating growth of error in compressed time series data.

Abstract: An inspection tool and associated methods for testing physical and electrical properties of a perforating gun and sending the perforating gun to a wellbore site with at least one of an electrical property and a dimension that has been previously verified. The perforating gun may be received in a perforating gun holder positioned between a first connecting portion and second connecting portion. The first connecting portion may be moved from a first position to a second position at which the at least one of the electrical property and the dimension is measured. Upon verification that the at least one of the electrical property and the dimension is within a predetermined specification, the perforating gun may be sent to the wellbore site.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for processing broadband acoustic signals acquired by a plurality of acoustic sensors, using an array-signal-processing technique to compute fused-signal maps in the frequency domain for a plurality of frequency bins. In accordance with various embodiments, the fused-signal maps are combined across the frequency bins, with respective weightings that are based on eigenvalues of covariance matrices computed for the plurality of frequency bins. The combined maps can be used to locate an acoustic source in a wellbore.

Abstract: A method of underwater tsunami detection includes detecting a trigger event using disruption of at least one of a plurality of hard disk drives (HDDs), each different one of the plurality of HDDs in a different one of a plurality of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). A time and location of each of the at least one HDD for the trigger event is logged. Based on at least one of the HDD disruptions, times, and locations of the at least one HDD of the plurality of HDDs, a size, strength, and direction of a tsunami caused by the trigger event is determined. Information regarding the tsunami is transmitted to a monitoring station.

Abstract: A method for providing a calibrated rock-physics model of a subsoil. First, a geological model of the subsoil comprising a grid made of cells, associated with a rock-physics parameter is obtained. A group of cells forming a calibration body is selected in the grid. The calibration body corresponds to a region of the subsoil having substantially homogenous rock-physics parameter values. Finally, an adjustable constant parameter in a physical equation expressing a relationship between the petro-physical parameter and a petro-elastic parameter in the calibration body is calibrated so as to reduce a mismatch between the petro-elastic parameter estimated using the physical equation and a petro-elastic parameter value determined from inverted seismic data, the calibrated physical equation providing a calibrated rock-physics model of the subsoil in the calibration body.

Abstract: A direction-finding and positioning system of electromagnetic emission of coal or rock fracture includes a three-axis electromagnetic sensor array, a signal acquisition module and a direction-finding and positioning terminal; the three-axis electromagnetic sensor array is composed of at least four three-axis electromagnetic sensors configured to synchronously sense magnetic field strength in three-axis direction based on a tunnel magneto resistance technology, and obtain a real magnetic field vector in space by measuring; the signal acquisition module is configured to acquire magnetic field vector variable information of multiple measuring points in real-time, and after extracting magnetic field vector variable parameters, transmitting the magnetic field vector variable parameters to the direction-finding and positioning terminal; the direction-finding and positioning terminal is configured to perform direction-finding and positioning calculations according to the magnetic field vector variable parameters rec

Abstract: Delay calibration for digital signal chains of SFCW systems is disclosed. An example calibration method includes receiving a burst with a test pulse, the burst having a duration of L clock cycles; receiving a trigger indicative of a time when the burst was transmitted; generating a digital signal indicative of the received burst; for each of L clock cycles, computing a moving average of a subset of digital samples and an amplitude for each average; identifying one moving average for which the computed amplitude is closest to an expected amplitude; identifying the clock cycle of the identified moving average; and updating at least one delay to be applied in digital signal processing of received bursts based on a difference between the trigger and the identified clock cycle. The delay may be used for selecting digital samples of the received signal that contain valid data for performing further data processing.

Abstract: A seabed object detection system is provided. The system can include a receiver array including streamers. The system can include a plurality of receivers coupled with the streamers. The system can include a receiver array cross-cable to couple with the first streamer and to couple with the second streamer. The receiver array cross-cable can be disposed at a first depth of a body of water. The system can include a first diverter and a second diverter coupled with the receiver array cross-cable. The system can include a source array including a first source and a second source. The source array can be coplanar to the receiver array. The system can include a source array cross-cable to couple with the first source and to couple with the second source, the source array cross-cable disposed at a second depth of the body of water.

Abstract: Methods are taught for creating training data for a learning algorithm, training the learning algorithm with the training data and using the trained learning algorithm to suggest domain names to users. A domain name registrar may store activities of a user on a registrar website. Preferably, domain name searches, selected suggested domain names and domain names registered to the user are stored as the training data in a training database. The training data may be stored so that earlier activities act as inputs to the learning algorithm while later activities are the expected outputs of the learning algorithm. Once trained, the learning algorithm may receive activities of other users and suggest domain names to the other users based on their activities.

Abstract: Accordingly, there are disclosed herein geologic modeling methods and systems employing reference-based inversion of seismic image volumes. An illustrative method embodiment includes: (a) obtaining a measured seismic image volume; (b) determining a reference seismic image volume based on a reference model; (c) deriving a synthesized seismic image volume from a geologic model; (d) detecting at least one geologic model region where the synthesized seismic image volume and the measured seismic image volume are mismatched; (e) finding a reference model region where the reference seismic image volume best matches the measured seismic image volume; (f) replacing content of the at least one geologic model region with content of the reference model region to obtain an improved geologic model; and (g) outputting the improved geologic model.

Abstract: A computer-based method for real-time communication authorization includes receiving, from a first communication device, a communication request, verifying, with a verification engine, a pre-approval status of the communication request, storing the communication request in an approval queue if the communication authorization the pre-approval status is set to false, issuing an alert to the authorization device, and receiving one or more authorization parameters from an authorization device.