Abstract: Reducing casing wave effects on sonic logging data by positioning two or more receivers in a borehole in a subsurface formation; receiving, at two or more receivers in a borehole in a subsurface formation, a first signal associated with a first acoustic signal originating from a first transmitter position; receiving, at the two or more receivers, a second signal associated with a second acoustic signal originating from a second transmitter position; creating a dataset based on the first signal and the second signal; identifying casing wave signals in the dataset based at least in part on the second signal; calculating inverse-phase casing wave signals based at least in part on the casing wave signals and the second signal; and reducing effects of the casing wave signals on the dataset using the inverse-phase casing wave signals.

Abstract: In a first step, a defined scope value is selected for each of a plurality of hydrodynamic input parameters. A simulated topographical result is generated using the selected scope values and a forward model. A detailed seismic interpretation is generated to represent specific seismic features or observed topography. A calculated a misfit value representing a distance between the simulated topographical result and a detailed seismic interpretation is minimized. An estimated optimized sand ratio and optimized hydrodynamic input parameters are generated. In a second step, a genetic algorithm is used to determine a proportion of each grain size in the estimated optimized sand ratio. A misfit value is used that is calculated from thickness and porosity data extracted from well data and a simulation result generated by the forward model to generate optimized components of different grain sizes. Optimized hydrodynamic input parameters and optimized components of different grain sizes are generated.

Abstract: Methods and related systems for charging a refrigerant into a climate control system. In an embodiment, the method includes (a) coupling a storage tank to a refrigerant loop of the climate control system through a charging valve; (b) opening and closing the charging valve in a plurality of cycles; and (c) flowing refrigerant from the storage tank to the refrigerant loop through the charging valve when the charging valve is open, during (b). In addition, the method includes (d) determining a detected saturated temperature of the refrigerant within the refrigerant loop after each cycle of the plurality of cycles; and (e) adjusting an amount of time that the charging valve is open during each cycle of the plurality of cycles during (b) as a function of the detected saturated temperature from a previous cycle of the plurality of cycles.

Abstract: A method for evaluating accuracy in positioning a receiver point, which is associated with at least one shot point, and for which a derived position data is obtained, wherein a pair of the receiver point and a respective shot point is associated with a characteristic parameter which includes an offset, a velocity of first arrival wave and a first arrival time, the method comprising: step S10, constructing a residual vector associated with the receiver point and the respective shot point based on the characteristic parameter; step S12, determining a characterization parameter of the derived position data based on the residual vector; and step S14, evaluating accuracy of the derived position data based on the characterization parameter. An apparatus for evaluating accuracy in positioning a receiver point is also provided.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method of processing petroleum extraction data includes receiving petroleum extraction data from one or more data sources, wherein the petroleum extraction data includes structured data and unstructured data, filtering the petroleum extraction data by applying one or more statistical methods to generate filtered petroleum extraction data including transactional data and non-transactional data, and verifying the filtered petroleum extraction data according to one or more attributes. The method further includes calculating one or more parameters from the transactional data at a first frequency and one or more parameters from the non-transactional data at a second frequency, and correlating the one or more parameters from the transactional data and the non-transactional data based on one or more attributes to generate correlated data. The method also includes aggregating and storing the correlated data in a data structure, and performing one or more analytic processes on the aggregated data.

Abstract: Various aspects described herein relate to a machine learning based signal recovery. In one example, a computer-implemented method of noise contaminated signal recovery includes receiving, at a server, a first signal including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion indicative of data collected by a plurality of sensors, the second portion representing noise; performing a first denoising process on the first signal to filter out the noise to yield a first denoised signal; applying a machine learning model to determine a residual signal indicative of a difference between the first signal and the first denoised signal; and determining a second signal by adding the residual signal to the first denoised signal, the second signal comprising (i) signals of the first portion with higher magnitudes than the noise in the second portion, and (ii) signals of the first portion having lower magnitudes than the noise in the second portion.

Abstract: A method for accurately measuring one or more network performance statistics during one or more sampling periods comprises processing a received data packet to identify flow information and time of arrival; transmitting the data packet, along with metadata comprising the flow information and the time of arrival, to a sample processing module; replaying the reception of the data packet based on the relative speed of the transmission link and the databus and the time of arrival; incrementing a number of bytes received for the data packet for a first sampling period; starting a second sampling period at a predetermined time and incrementing a number of bytes received for the data packet for the second sampling period, if the replaying is not completed. The number of bytes received for the data packet for the first and second sampling periods are processed into first and second sampling period statistics, respectively.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a fluid saturation model for a subsurface region. One example method generally includes obtaining a model of the subsurface region; for each of a plurality of fluid types: flooding the subsurface region model with the fluid type to generate a flood model; and running a trial petrophysical inversion with the flood model to generate a trial petrophysical model; identifying potential fluid contact regions in the trial petrophysical models; partitioning the subsurface region model at the identified potential fluid contact regions; and constructing the fluid saturation model from the partitioned subsurface region model.

Abstract: A method of determining an arrival-time of a first seismic event in a seismic data set including, obtaining the seismic data set and an initial seismic velocity model, and determining an updated seismic velocity model based on the seismic data set. Furthermore, the method includes determining a simulated arrival-time of the first seismic event based on the updated seismic velocity model and defining a predicted time-window based on the simulated arrival-time of the first seismic event, and picking the arrival-time of the first seismic event in the seismic data set based on the predicted time-window.

Abstract: Processes and systems for generating images of a subterranean formation from recorded seismic data obtained in a marine survey are described. Processes and systems compute reverse-time receiver-motion-corrected upgoing and downgoing pressure wavefields at different locations of corresponding upgoing and downgoing observation levels based on the recorded seismic data. The reverse-time receiver-motion-corrected upgoing and downgoing pressure wavefields are time forwarded and extrapolated to obtain a corresponding receiver-motion-corrected upgoing and downgoing pressure wavefields at locations of a static observation level. An image of the subterranean formation is generated based at least in part on the receiver-motion-corrected upgoing pressure wavefield and the receiver-motion-corrected downgoing pressure wavefield.

Abstract: Systems and methods for interpreting and visualizing multi-Z horizons from seismic data are disclosed. A two-dimensional (2D) representation of seismic data is displayed via a graphical user interface (GUI). User input is received via the GUI for interpreting a multi-Z horizon within a portion of the displayed 2D representation. The user's input is tracked relative to displayed 2D representation within the GUI. Based on the tracking, each of a plurality of surfaces for the multi-Z horizon is determined. At least one intersection point between the multi-Z horizon surfaces is identified. A depth position for each surface relative to other surfaces is determined. The 2D representation of the seismic data is dynamically updated to include visual indications for the plurality of surfaces and the intersection point(s), based on the depth position of each surface, where the visual indications use different visualization styles to represent the surfaces and intersection point(s).

Abstract: Methods and systems for optimizing drilling operations in a wellbore using a drill string are provided. The methods and systems include measuring a first formation characteristic with at least one sensor, measuring a second formation characteristic by means of a hydraulic test, the at least one second formation characteristic being different from the at least one first formation characteristic, generating a model to represent a formation around the wellbore, the model incorporating the first formation characteristic and the second formation characteristic, and performing a drilling operation based on the generated model.

Abstract: A method for partial differential equation inversion, the method including receiving measured data do; selecting an objective function having first and second measures N1 and N2, wherein the objective function depends on three independent variables V, u, and f, V being a perturbation of a wave equation operator L from a background operator L0, u being a wavefield that satisfies the wave equation operator L, and f being a source function that describes the source of the waves; optimizing with a processor the objective function by finding a minimum or a maximum using the inversion; calculating with the processor solutions V*, u*, and f* of the three independent variables V, u, and f; and generating with the processor an image of an object based on the solutions V*, u*, and f*.

Abstract: In an example implementation, first seismic energy is generated using first seismic sources positioned on an earth's surface. First data including measurements of the first seismic energy is obtained from first geophones positioned at a first depth below the earth's surface. Second data including measurements of the first seismic energy is obtained from second geophones positioned on the earth's surface. Second seismic energy is generated using second seismic sources positioned on an earth's surface and proximal to the second geophones. Third data including measurements of the second seismic energy is obtained from third geophones positioned at the first depth below the earth's surface. A propagation of the first seismic energy along a first path is estimated based on the first, second and third data. One or more characteristics of the target are determined based on the estimate.

Abstract: An interface autonomously collects input data to control the operation or travel path of an object, includes a plurality of independently operating sensors that detect the occurrence of an event. A master fractal controller initiates a space-variant fractalization protocol in order to collect the input data related to the detected event. In response to the input, the master fractal controller sends control signals to a servient controller to control the operation or travel path of the object. The master fractal controller initiates the space-variant fractalization protocol by identifying or defining a fractal space, and by further initiating sub-servient fractals in sub-servient spaces, within which an intersection of a graphical function layer that includes an executable grid with a graphical data layer causes a command or function be executed within the sub-servient fractal space.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for reducing error in data compression and decompression when data is transmitted over low bandwidth communication links, such as satellite links. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for variable block size compression for gridded data, efficiently storing null values in gridded data, and eliminating growth of error in compressed time series data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forecasting output power of wind turbine in a wind farm. The present invention provides a method for forecasting output power of a wind turbine in a wind farm, including: generating a corrected data set based on environmental data collected from at least one sensor in the wind farm; correcting a weather forecasting model by using the corrected data set; obtaining a forecast value of wind information at the wind turbine based on the corrected weather forecasting model; and forecasting the output power of the wind turbine based on the forecast value and a power forecasting model.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and apparatus for obtaining residual gravity anomaly. The method comprises obtaining Bouguer gravity anomaly of a target region, determining a first pre-set range corresponding to each sampling point in the target region, obtaining a first regional field value of each sampling point in the first pre-set range through a surface fitting method based on the coordinate and field value of the sampling point, traversing the target region to obtain first regional gravity anomaly of the target region according to the first regional field values of the sampling points in the target region, and obtaining first residual gravity anomaly of the target region according to the Bouguer gravity anomaly and the first regional gravity anomaly. The residual gravity anomaly thus obtained is more accurate, thus enabling an accurate prediction of an underground geological body.

Abstract: Strata surfaces can be identified in well logs and correlated across the well logs taking into account manual corrections. For example, a computing device can receive well logs. The computing device can determine multiple stratum-surface correlations based on the well logs. Then, the computing device can receive user input indicating a correction to a particular stratum-surface correlation. Based on the correction to the particular stratum-surface correlation, the computing device can update some or all of the other stratum-surface correlations.

Abstract: Methods for full waveform inversion (FWI) in the midpoint-offset domain include using a computer system to sort seismic traces into common midpoint-offset bins (XYO bins). For each XYO bin, a linear moveout correction is applied to a collection of seismic traces within the XYO bin. The collection of seismic traces is stacked to form a pilot trace. The computer system determines a surface-consistent residual static correction for each seismic trace. The computer system determines that the surface-consistent residual static correction for each seismic trace is less than a threshold. Responsive to the determining that the surface-consistent residual static correction is less than the threshold, the computer system stacks the collection of seismic traces to provide the pilot trace. The computer system groups the pilot traces for the XYO bins into a set of virtual shot gathers. The computer system performs one-dimensional FWI based on each virtual shot gather.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to correct seismic data for the undesired effects caused by near surface velocity variations. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving travel time data for a near surface region and estimating an initial velocity model for the near surface region using the travel time data. The method can include updating the velocity model by performing an inversion iteration of including inversion of travel times to estimate slowness. The process can also include calculating at least one long-wavelength static for the near surface region. The long-wavelength statics may be used to correct for undesired effects caused by near surface velocity variations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for machine learning for use with automated seismic interpretation include: obtaining input data; extracting patches from a pre-extraction dataset based on the input data; transforming data of a pre-transformation dataset based on the input data and geologic domain knowledge and/or geophysical domain knowledge; and generating augmented data from the extracted patches and the transformed data. A method and apparatus for machine learning for use with automated seismic interpretation include: a data input module configured to obtain input data; a patch extraction module configured to extract patches from a pre-extraction dataset that is based on the input data; a data transformation module configured to transform data from a pre-transformation dataset that is based on the input data and geologic domain knowledge and/or geophysical domain knowledge; and a data augmentation module configured to augment data from the extracted patches and the transformed data.

Abstract: Systems and methods develop a three-dimensional model of a subterranean formation based on vertical seismic profiles at a plurality of well locations.

Abstract: A new method for iteratively picking the seismic first breaks and conducting imaging of the near-surface velocity structures in an iterative fashion is provided that the first-break picks of the input seismic data are applied to image the near-surface velocity structures and the calculated travel times associated with the updated velocity structures are applied to help refine the first-break picks in the first break picking process until first-break picks satisfy a number of quality control criteria, statics solutions are optimized, and the near surface imaging reaches an acceptable data misfit. This invention produces a velocity model that can be used for near surface statics corrections or for the prestack depth migration.

Abstract: Provided in this disclosure are systems and methods for selection of petrophysical techniques to model reservoirs. Reservoir properties were calculated using two techniques—a deterministic technique and an optimizing petrophysics technique, and simulation models were developed. The technique that yielded a simulation model that aligned more accurately and consistently with the reservoir data was selected to further develop the reservoir model.

Abstract: Systems and methods for editing multi-Z horizons interpreted from seismic data are provided. A multi-Z horizon having a plurality of surfaces is visualized within a two-dimensional (2D) representation of seismic data displayed via a graphical user interface (GUI) of an application executable at a computing device of a user. Input is received via the GUI from the user for editing one or more of the plurality of surfaces of the multi-Z horizon within a current view of the displayed 2D representation of the seismic data. A location of the received input relative to each of the plurality of surfaces within the current view is determined. The one or more surfaces of the multi-Z horizon are modified based on the location of the received input within the current view. The visualization of the multi-Z horizon within the GUI is updated, based on the modified one or more surfaces.

Abstract: A method can include receiving data acquired via survey equipment disposed in an environment; analyzing at least a portion of the data via an iterative adaptive approach that implements matching pursuit to generate analysis results; and identifying at least one feature in the environment based at least in part on a portion of the analysis results.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of detecting a seismic event, which comprises acquiring (110) a digital signal x characteristic of a signal measured by at least one seismic sensor, and calculating (130) a time-frequency distribution for at least one section of a given duration of said signal, in a given frequency band. For each frequency of said frequency band, the calculated time-frequency distribution is normalized. The method also comprises calculating (150) the moving average of the normalized time-frequency distribution ZD, in said frequency band and in a time window, given reference L, centered on the time n; and detecting (160) a seismic event when the average exceeds a predefined threshold value. The invention also provides a corresponding detection system.

Abstract: A method is described for assessing subsurface structure uncertainty based on at least one subsurface horizon. The method calculates seismic continuity attributes to determine a mappability of the subsurface horizon(s); determines horizontal uncertainty for each fault in vertical uncertainty for each horizon; generates probabilistic scenarios for a subsurface geometry for at least one conceptual model; and generates a map of geological model uncertainty based on the probabilistic scenarios. In some embodiments, the probabilistic scenarios are stochastic simulations. In some embodiments, generating a map of geological model uncertainty is based on information entropy. The method may be executed by a computer system.

Abstract: The invention notably relates to a computer-implemented method for processing a 4D seismic signal relative to a subsoil, the subsoil including a zone subject to extraction and/or injection, the method comprising: providing the 4D seismic signal; identifying a part of the 4D seismic signal corresponding to a zone of the subsoil distinct from the zone subject to extraction and/or injection; determining a noise model of the 4D seismic signal based on the identified part of the 4D seismic signal; and processing the 4D seismic signal based on the noise model. This improves the field of 4D seismic data processing.

Abstract: A method for directional Q compensation of seismic data may comprise calculating angle-dependent subsurface travel times; applying directional Q compensation to the prestack seismic data to obtain Q-compensated data in time-space domain, wherein the directional Q compensation is based on the angle-dependent subsurface travel times; and using the Q-compensated data to generate an image of the subsurface. Directional Q compensation may comprise determining an angle-dependent forward E operator and an angle-dependent adjoint E* operator using the angle-dependent subsurface travel times; and applying a sparse inversion algorithm using the angle-dependent operators to obtain a model of Q-compensated data.

Abstract: A system and method of scanning an environment and acquiring an image is provided. The system includes a mobile device having a camera and a first position indicator. A scanner having a light emitter and a light receiver is provided. The scanner determining coordinates of surfaces in an environment in response to emitting light with the light emitter and receiving light with the light receiver, the scanner having a second position indicator. One or more processors are provided that determine the position of the mobile computing device and transmits the data between the scanner in response to the first position indicator engaging the second position indicator.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus that is communicable with an in-vehicle device includes a detection section to detect a change of a specific feature at every predetermined timing based on probe information, the specific feature being a feature on a road and used in control of automated driving. The detection section includes a first calculation section to calculate a first index based on the probe information; a second calculation section to calculate a second index based on the probe information; and a comparison section to detect a change of the specific feature by comparing the first index and the second index.

Abstract: Systems and methods for training a model that refines estimated parameter values include computer processors and non-transitory electronic storage that stores subsurface map data sets that correspond to different subsurface volumes of interest, the system configured to obtain training data including unrefined subsurface map data sets specifying estimated parameter values of a first parameter as a function of position within corresponding subsurface volumes of interest, obtain an initial seismic mapping model, generate a conditioned seismic mapping model, and store the conditioned seismic mapping model in the electronic storage.

Abstract: Changes to interpreted horizons in a subsurface representation are propagated to synthetic horizons in the subsurface representation by maintaining relative distances between the synthetic horizons and interpreted horizons. Distance ratios of synthetic horizons between interpreted horizons are applied to changed interpreted horizons to derive new locations of synthetic horizons.

Abstract: A method is disclosed and includes receiving a seismic cube. The seismic cube includes a three-dimensional image of a portion of a subsurface area. The method further includes providing the seismic cube to a machine learning process. The machine learning process includes one or more neural networks used for predicting a location of a subsurface seismic layer in the received seismic cube. The method also includes receiving, from the machine learning process, the prediction of the location of the subsurface seismic layer in the seismic cube.

Abstract: Various embodiments described herein provide methods of hydrocarbon management and associated systems and/or computer readable media including executable instructions. Such methods (and by extension their associated systems and/or computer readable media for implementing such methods) may include obtaining geophysical data (e.g., seismic or other geophysical data) from a prospective subsurface formation (that is, a potential formation or other subsurface region of interest for any of various reasons, but in particular due to potential for production of hydrocarbons) and using a trained machine learning (ML) system for direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI) analysis of the obtained geophysical data. Hydrocarbon management decisions may be guided by the DHI analysis.

Abstract: A pile head analysis system captures a plurality of images of a construction site including a pile using a camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), acquires the images, generates a three-dimensional model of the construction site, detects a pile head from the three-dimensional model, and determines consistency between the detected pile head and preliminarily acquired design information.

Abstract: A method of at least partially deghosting recorded seismic s-waves, wherein recorded seismic data is provided, wherein the recorded seismic data has been recorded at a receiver located beneath the Earth's surface, and wherein the recorded seismic data includes s-wave data. The method may include the steps of finding a model of the Earth's crust for use in deghosting the recorded seismic data using the s-wave data, wherein the model includes at least one region and wherein the model includes the Earth's surface and the location of the receiver, using the model to find a deghosting operator that, when applied to the s-wave data, at least partially deghosts the s-wave data, and applying the deghosting operator to the s-wave data to at least partially deghost the s-wave data.

Abstract: Identifying a low permeable conglomerate diagenetic trap can be implemented according to a method that comprises: determining a first relation curve between a depth and a critical physical property of a known diagenetic trap in a target work area, and a second relation curve between a reservoir physical property of the known diagenetic trap and a designated seismic attribute; determining a third relation curve between the depth and the critical physical property in the target work area and the designated seismic attribute according to the first relation curve and the second relation curve; and performing a diagenetic trap identification of the target work area according to the third relation curve. Identification accuracy of a low permeable conglomerate diagenetic trap can thereby be improved.

Abstract: System and method for scalable and reliable scheduling of iterative seismic full wavefield inversion algorithms with alternating parallel and serial stages of computation on massively parallel computing systems. The workers are independent, initiating actions and unaware of each other, and given limited information. This enables application of optimal scheduling, load-balancing, and reliability techniques specific to seismic inversion problems. The central dispatcher specifies the structure of the inversion, including task dependency, and keeps track of progress of work. Management tools enable the user to make performance and reliability improvements during the execution of the seismic inversion.

Abstract: The method for producing a geological vector model (GVM) based on seismic data includes the step of forming a Model-Grid, which includes creating a network of small units, called patches, to which a relative geological age is assigned, a set of patches with the same relative geological age corresponding to a geological layer, called the geological horizon. The method includes the step of sampling the Model-Grid in two directions perpendicular to each other, enabling the Model-Grid to be sampled in a plurality of vertical planes and the step of forming two-dimensional geological vector models (2DGVM). The step of forming includes forming two-dimensional horizons (Hb) with distinct relative geological ages using the patches belonging to each sampled plane, each two-dimensional geological vector model (2DGVM) corresponding to a vertical plane originating from the sampling of the Model-Grid.

Abstract: Automatic calibration for modeling a field includes performing model calibration iterations based on measurements of the field. Each model iteration includes obtaining, during the field operation, a current measurement of the field, generating likelihood values corresponding to model realizations of the field, where each likelihood value is generated by at least comparing the current measurement of the field to a modeling result of a corresponding model realization, selecting, based on the likelihood values, at least one selected model realization from the model realizations, generating, by at least adjusting a first input value of the at least one selected model realization, an adjusted model realization of the field based on the at least one selected model realization, and adding the adjusted model realization to the model realizations. Automatic calibration for modeling a field further includes generating a calibrated modeling result of the field based on the adjusted model realization.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present application include acquiring a monitoring region and each observation point therein; partitioning the monitoring region into N layers of grids according to a seismic source positioning accuracy, wherein a side length of a grid cell of an i-th layer of grid is D/2i-1, i=1, . . . N, and D is an initial side length of the grid cell and not more than a double of a distance between the respective observation points; searching all nodes in a first layer of grid to acquire a node satisfying a preset condition therefrom; from i=2, determining and searching nodes satisfying a first preset requirement in the i-th layer of grid, to acquire a node satisfying the preset condition therefrom, until a search in an N-th layer of grid is completed, wherein a node satisfying the preset condition acquired in the N-th layer of grid is a seismic source point location.

Abstract: A subsoil region is represented using a grid having columns of cells arranged in an array of horizontal positions. The cells of a column are delineated by geological layering of the subsoil region. The method, used for estimating elastic parameters in the subsoil region, comprises obtaining seismic traces and performing seismic inversion for the columns of cells. The seismic inversion for a column comprises selecting a set of elastic parameter values that minimizes a cost function regardless of statistical distribution of the elastic parameter values. The set of elastic parameter values is selected among a plurality of candidate sets of elastic parameter values each having values of elastic parameters for the cells of the column.

Abstract: An inspection specifying unit specifies a member position that is a point and a type of damage that is a soundness determination target on the basis of building structure information. An inspection data analysis unit acquires the image data from an inspection data acquisition unit, analyzes the image data, and determines from the image data, whether or not there is damage of the type of damage specified as the inspection target, and the degree of damage in a case where there is the damage. A damage influence degree calculation unit calculates the degree of damage influence for each damage. A soundness determination unit determines the soundness of the entire building on the basis of the degree of damage influence for each damage. A soundness output unit outputs the soundness determined in to a display, a printer, or the like.

Abstract: A method for generating a plurality of structural models for a geological setting involves identifying a poorly imaged portion of an input seismic data set. A set of geologically valid kinematic base models are selected to define a kinematic evolution scenario. A correspond set of kinematic base model parameters is defined for the models. A structural model is generated for both a well-imaged portion of the seismic data and the poorly imaged portion. A misfit between the input horizons and the and the modeled horizons is calculated and steps are repeated for a predetermined number of iterations to produce a best-fit model. The steps are repeated then to produce a plurality of best-fit models of geologically plausible solutions for the geological setting. The method is particularly suitable for complex geological settings.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and system for processing gravity and magnetic data in geological resource exploration. The method includes: acquiring first (i) potential field data and (ii) gradient data of an observation surface, performing upward continuation of the acquired data using a wave-number domain conversion method to obtain second and third gradient data and second potential field data, and determining third potential field data using a fourth-order explicit scheme Milne method according to the first, second, and third gradient data, and the second potential field data; calculating fourth gradient data using an ISVD method according to the third potential field data; and correcting the third potential field data using a fourth-order implicit scheme Simpson method according to the fourth gradient data, the first potential field data, and the first and second gradient data to obtain corrected third potential field data.

Abstract: A system and method for attenuating surface waves in common shot gathers of seismic data recorded by a set of geophones by: iteratively executing a genetic algorithm over a plurality of generations to generate an optimal one-dimensional (1D) Earth model based on the common shot gather data by, successively refining a pool of candidate Earth models to better fit the common shot gather data, until optimal Earth models in sequential generations converge; generating synthetic surface wave data based on the optimal Earth model and canceling the synthetic surface wave data from the common shot gather data to generate new common shot gather data that reduces the noise due to surface waves; and iteratively executing the genetic algorithm over each new common shot gather data until optimal Earth models generated in sequential iterations of the genetic algorithm converge.

Abstract: This disclosure describes processes and systems for generating a seismic image of a subterranean formation from recorded seismic data gathers obtained in a marine seismic survey of the subterranean formation. The seismic data comprises recorded pressure and vertical velocity wavefields that are used to separate the recorded pressure wavefield into upgoing and downgoing pressure wavefields. A seismic image is computed from the subterranean formation based on a product of the downgoing pressure wavefield and a migration operator applied to the upgoing pressure wavefield. The downgoing pressure wavefield is a boundary source wavefield and the upgoing pressure wavefield is boundary receiver wavefield of the migration operator. The seismic image is iteratively updated by computing a residual seismic image based on the upgoing pressure wavefield and adding the residual seismic image to the seismic image.