Abstract: A method of estimating lateral positioning uncertainties of a seismic image is performed at a computer system. The computer system receives a velocity model, the velocity model including a plurality of base velocity values used for generating the seismic image, each base velocity value having a low limit and a high limit. The computer system derives a plurality of lateral velocity gradient uncertainties from the velocity model and generates multiple lateral velocity gradient profiles, each lateral velocity gradient profile including a random realization of the plurality of lateral velocity gradient uncertainties. The computer system calculates perturbation raypaths originating from a surface point of the seismic image based on the velocity model and the multiple lateral velocity gradient profiles and estimates a lateral positioning uncertainty for a target location at a predefined depth of the seismic image based on lateral distributions of the perturbation raypaths at the predefined depth.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments of methods and systems for optimizing the analysis of the source locations of microseismic sources, comprising recording microseismic data using patches of sensors. Each patch contains multiple sensors, arranged as a grid or a line segment. This approach uses fewer sensors and can cover a larger area than previous techniques for acquiring microseismic data. The data recorded in this way can be filtered using directional filters, such that each patch may be targeted at a specific point in the subsurface. The microseismic source-scanning algorithm benefits from having data filtered to include directional signals only from pairs of patch locations and subsurface locations. This produces an improved estimate of the locations of microseismic events. The patches may be disposed about a horizontal well bore, and aligned such that directional filtering enhances data from hydraulic fracturing operations in the wellbore.

Abstract: A method for estimating uncertainties in determining hypocenters of seismic events occurring in subsurface formations according to one aspect includes determining estimates of event locations by choosing local peaks in summed amplitude of seismic energy detected by an array of sensors disposed above an area of the subsurface to be evaluated. For each peak, the following is performed: recomputing the summed amplitude response for a selected set of points of comprising small perturbations in time and space from the estimated event locations; computing second derivatives of log likelihood function from the stacked responses at the estimated location and the perturbed locations; assembling the second derivatives into a Fisher information matrix; computing an inverse of the Fisher information matrix; determining variances of estimated parameters from the elements from the diagonal of the inverted matrix; and computing standard deviations of the estimated parameters by calculating a square root of the variances.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for compression, decompression and progressive transmission of spatial data and a device thereof. A compression method for spatial data comprises: according to a preset view control parameter, acquiring a compression parameter Z; according to the view control parameter, determining a reference point P; according to the compression parameter Z, converting the coordinate values of the coordinate points of the spatial data and the coordinate value of the reference point P into integers; and using the differences of the values resulting from conversion of the coordinate values of the coordinate points of the spatial data into the integers and the values resulting from conversion of the coordinate values of the reference point P into integers as compressed data. Also disclosed are a method for determining the maximum data bit for storing spatial data, a method for inserting incremental data, a method for compressing and decompressing incremental data and a device thereof.

Abstract: A device, system and method for performing a 3D interpolation in a 2D interpolation stage and a 1D interpolation stage to generate a refined geological-time. A 3D model may be obtained of a subsurface region defined by an initial geological-time in the past when particles in the subsurface region are determined to have been originally deposited. The stages of the 3D interpolation may include a 2D interpolation along one or more initial 2D reference horizon surfaces to generate one or more reshaped 2D reference horizon surfaces, and a 1D interpolation based on the initial geological-time along one or more 1D interpolation lines to generate a refined geological-time, wherein each 1D interpolation line is approximately orthogonal to the initial 2D reference horizon surfaces. The 3D model may be displayed according to the refined geological-time.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a technological process for identifying a potential subsurface structure below a body of water. Three-dimensional seismic sensor data that includes at least two measured components is obtained. Up-going and down-going wavefields comprising multiples wavefields are constructed from the three-dimensional seismic sensor data by applying wavefield separation. The up-going and down-going wavefields are extrapolated to a reflector surface below a water bottom. An imaging condition is applied at the reflector surface to generate images that include information from the multiples wavefields. Angle gathers are constructed, where each angle gather is constructed by gathering the images generated using the multiples wavefields for a range of illumination angles. Other embodiments, aspects and features are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods for optimizing a lithographic projection apparatus including optimizing projection optics therein, and preferably including optimizing a source, a mask, and the projection optics. The projection optics is sometimes broadly referred to as “lens”, and therefore the joint optimization process may be termed source mask lens optimization (SMLO). SMLO is desirable over existing source mask optimization process (SMO), partially because including the projection optics in the optimization can lead to a larger process window by introducing a plurality of adjustable characteristics of the projection optics. The projection optics can be used to shape wavefront in the lithographic projection apparatus, enabling aberration control of the overall imaging process.

Abstract: A cloud based service architecture is used in providing Master Data Management (MDM) services to clients. The MDM cloud based architecture comprises a client architecture and a server architecture. The client architecture includes synchronization services that are used to interact with the MDM cloud based service. The server architecture comprises a public Application Programming Interface (API) and a portal for accessing different MDM functionality. For example, a client may access the server architecture to create/modify MDM workflows that are hosted by the cloud based service. The cloud based service architecture also provides access to different MDM services including MDM workflows, validation, transformation, and storage relating to master data. The cloud based architecture may be used to publish master data and/or subscribe to master data.

Abstract: A method for imaging the Earth's subsurface includes taking summed recordings of signals acquired by a plurality of seismic sensors disposed above the volume in response to repeated actuations of a seismic energy source. A travel time of seismic energy is determined from a position of the source to a selected image point in the volume and from the image point to each seismic sensor. A time-delayed scanline gather is generated from the travel times using a model of spatial distribution of acoustic properties of formations in the volume. A template image of backscattered energy from the image point is generated based on the model. The flattened scanline gather is singular value decomposed. The template image is projected onto the decomposed time-delayed scanline gather. Components from the projection are used to determine signal and interference. Weights are calculated for beamforming of the determined signal component.

Abstract: A system and method for performing stimulation operations at a wellsite having a subterranean formation with of a reservoir therein is provided. The method involves generating a plurality of quality indicators from a plurality of logs, and combining the plurality of quality indicators to form a composite quality indicator. The composite quality indicator may be combined with a stress log to form a combined stress and composite quality indicator, the combined stress and composite quality indicator comprising a plurality of blocks with boundaries therebetween. The method may further comprise identifying classifications for the plurality of blocks; defining stages along the combined stress and composite quality indicator based on the classifications; and selectively positioning perforations in select stages based on the classifications thereon.

Abstract: A device for decomposing images into at least three levels by wavelet transform comprises a first unit executing a first level of decomposition and a second unit executing the higher levels of decomposition by performing a sequence of processing tasks. The tasks are ordered in time by using a sequence of rows, a routing unit serving to configure the second unit when the level of decomposition associated with the processing task currently being executed changes relative to the level of decomposition associated with the processing task executed previously. The processing tasks are ordered so that any given row is associated with only one level of decomposition.

Abstract: Volume imaging of geological structures and/or man-made objects having physical property using geophysical field sources and/or sensors mounted from at least one data acquisition system. The sources may include natural field sources and/or man-made sources. The sensors may measure at least one component of the geophysical field. The subsets of the geophysical survey formed by the at least one source of geophysical data are selected, and the integrated sensitivity subdomains for selected subsets of the survey are determined by determining the volumes where the integrated sensitivity of the subset is greater than a predetermined threshold. The total sensitivity is determined as the superposition of the sensitivities from all of the integrated sensitivity subdomains.

Abstract: Computing device, computer instructions and method for processing input seismic data d. The method includes a step of receiving the input seismic data d recorded in a first domain by seismic receivers that travel in water, the input seismic data d including up-going and down-going wave-fields; a step of generating a model p in a second domain to describe the input seismic data d; and a step of processing with a processor the model p to obtain an output seismic dataset indicative of the down-going wave-field and substantially free of the up-going wave-field.

Abstract: Computing device, computer instructions and method for denoising marine seismic data recorded with first and second seismic sensors. The method includes receiving first seismic data recorded with the first sensor in a time-space domain; receiving second seismic data recorded with the second sensor in the time-space domain, wherein the first and second seismic data are recorded at the same locations underwater; calculating with a processor models of the first and second seismic data in a transform domain that is different from the time-space domain; performing a wavefield separation using the first and second datasets in the transform domain; determining a noise in the transform domain corresponding to the second seismic data based on the wavefield separation; reverse transforming the noise from the transform domain into the time-space domain; and denoising the second seismic data by subtracting the noise in the time-space domain from the second seismic data.

Abstract: Method for inverting seismic data to obtain reflection properties by estimating or measuring (301) the source signature for the seismic data, then inverting (302) simultaneously for subsurface formation properties or reflection properties and for the amplitude attenuation and velocity dispersion effects integrated over the raypath from the source to the reflectors and to the receiver.

Abstract: A system and method for regularizing irregularly sampled 5D seismic data by assigning each trace to a common midpoint bin and mapping each trace to an offset vector tile (OVT) with a calculated center azimuth; assembling an azimuth sector with all offsets of interest and a narrow range of the center azimuths from the OVTs; rotating the azimuth sector to align with an inline direction and a crossline dimension; selecting a subset of traces with a single crossline value to create an irregular 3D volume; regularizing the irregular 3D volume; and repeating as necessary to generate a regularly sampled seismic dataset. The regularization may include interpolation by an algorithm such as an anti-leakage Fourier interpolator. The regularly sampled seismic dataset may be used to characterize the subsurface by further processing such as tomography.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating a surface in a faulted space, which includes using interpolation techniques.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments of methods and systems for optimizing signals generated by microseismic sources, comprising recording microseismic data using patches of geophones, filtering the data to impart a directionality to the data, and performing a source scan to determine the times and locations of microseismic events. The subsurface is divided into a voxel grid that is further subdivided into subgrids. Using a filter designed for each patch-subgrid pair, only data arriving within a predetermined angle of incidence are input to the source scan, thus reducing noise, and enhancing the quality and accuracy of the identified microseismic events. The method is also applicable to data previously recorded with sensor grids or other arrays such as star arrays.

Abstract: A method of analyzing controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) survey data to determine probability density functions (PDFs) for values of an electromagnetic parameter at locations in a subterranean region of interest is provided. Structural features in the subterranean strata are identified, e.g. from seismic survey data. An initial PDF for values of the electromagnetic parameter is then assigned to each feature. Models specifying values for the parameter in each structural feature are generated by sampling the PDFs. A subset of the models are deemed acceptable based on an acceptance criterion. The PDF for each feature is modified based on values for the parameter in the subset of accepted models to generate replacement PDFs for each feature. The process may be iterated a number of times to generate final PDFs for values of the electromagnetic parameter in the structural features identified in the subterranean region of interest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of processing seismic image of the subsurface. The method comprises determining two surfaces in the seismic image, the two surfaces being extracted from well data from at least on well in the subsurface; determining the dip components the first surface and the second surface; determining interpolated dip components based on dip components of the two surfaces; determining an interpolated surface based on at least the interpolated dip components; determining a density value based on a number of intersections of the determined surfaces with a column comprising said current pixel; determining a geological-time image, columns of said geological-time image are computed based on the density values of pixels of a corresponding column of the seismic image; and on the color value of pixels of the corresponding column of the seismic image.

Abstract: Position, navigation and/or timing (PNT) solutions may be provided with levels of precision that have previously and conventionally been associated with carrier phase differential GPS (CDGPS) techniques that employ a fixed terrestrial reference station or with GPS PPP techniques that employ fixed terrestrial stations and corrections distribution networks of generally limited terrestrial coverage. Using techniques described herein, high-precision PNT solutions may be provided without resort to a generally proximate, terrestrial ground station having a fixed and precisely known position. Instead, techniques described herein utilize a carrier phase model and measurements from plural satellites (typically 4 or more) wherein at least one is a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite. For an Iridium LEO solution, particular techniques are described that allow extraction of an Iridium carrier phase observables, notwithstanding TDMA gaps and random phase rotations and biases inherent in the transmitted signals.

Abstract: Assisted-GPS for a portable biometric monitoring device is provided. The portable biometric monitoring device may obtain updated ephemeris data from an associated secondary device via a short-range, low-power communication protocol. The secondary device may be a computing device such as a smartphone, tablet, or laptop. Various rules may control when the ephemeris data is updated. The ephemeris data may be used in the calculation of the global position of the portable biometric monitoring device. Additionally, the portable biometric monitoring device may communicate downloaded position fixing data to the associated secondary device. The associated secondary device may then calculate the global position from the position fixing data.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for seismic imaging implements a seismic modeling algorithm utilizing Forward Wave Inversion technique for revising Reverse Time Migration models used for sub-surface modeling. The technique requires large communication bandwidth and low latency to convert a parallel problem into one solved using massive domain partitioning. The partitioning of a velocity model into processing blocks allows each sub-problem to fit in a local cache, increasing locality and bandwidth and reducing latency. The RTM seismic data processing utilizes data that includes combined shot data, i.e., shot data selected from amongst a plurality of shots that are combined at like spatial points of the volume. An iterative approach is applied such that the correction term RTM generates at each iteration in the iterative approach is used for refining the model, and the updated model is used for generating a further refined RTM model.

Abstract: A method of automatically interpreting well log data indicative of physical attributes of a portion of a subterranean formation which include some portion of samples with known facies classification to be used as training data, dividing the training data into two subsets, a calibration set and a cross-validation set, using an automated supervised learning facies identification method to determine a preliminary identification of facies in the subterranean formation based on the calibration set, calculating a confusion matrix for the supervised learning facies identification method by comparing predicted and observed facies for the cross-validation set, calculating a facies transition matrix characterizing changes between contiguous facies, and using the preliminary identification, the facies transition matrix, and the confusion matrix, iteratively calculating updated facies identifications.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a method for building geologic/stratigraphic models of the earth for the purposes of numerical simulations of phenomena of interest, such as seismic wave propagation, or fluid flow, reservoir simulation, etc. An embodiment of the invention uses stochastic methods to create material property models that have desired statistical properties by numerically simulating deposition of geological layers. The method can create multiple material parameter models from numerical implementations of a variety of geological processes.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improving azimuth distribution in a seismic acquisition system are described. A survey acquisition system includes a plurality of streamers towed by a plurality of streamer vessels, including a first streamer vessel and a second streamer vessel and a plurality of sources towed by a plurality of source vessels. The plurality of streamer vessels and plurality of source vessels are configured relative to one another such that the plurality of source vessels are positioned at one or more predetermined inline distances behind a portion of the first streamer vessel and are also positioned at one or more predetermined inline distances in front of a portion of the second streamer vessel. The plurality of streamer vessels and plurality of source vessels are also spaced apart from one another in a cross-line direction.

Abstract: The description relates to a seismic imaging technology technique for modeling a subsurface structure through waveform inversion in the Laplace domain. The seismic imaging system comprises a scaled gradient calculating unit calculating a scaled gradient, a modeling parameter updating unit updating the model parameters using the scaled gradient direction, and an iteration control unit controlling the scaled gradient calculating unit and the modeling parameter updating unit to repeat processing iteratively until a stopping criteria is met.

Abstract: A system and method for performing stimulation operations at a wellsite having a subterranean formation with of a reservoir therein is provided. The method involves performing reservoir characterization to generate a mechanical earth model based on integrated petrophysical, geomechanical and geophysical data. The method also involves generating a stimulation plan by performing well planning, a staging design, a stimulation design and a production prediction based on the mechanical earth model. The stimulation design is optimized by repeating the well planning, staging design, stimulation design, and production prediction in a feedback loop until an optimized stimulation plan is generated.

Abstract: A method of controlling seismic data acquisition includes synchronizing a sampling rate of at least one node configured to acquire seismic data with a GPS timing signal from a first GPS seismic device; and delaying sending a start signal to one or more seismic sources, the delay being with reference to a GPS timing signal from a second GPS device.

Abstract: Described herein are implementations of various technologies for a method for in-field configuration of land survey sensors. One or more planned positions of the sensors may be received. One or more actual positions of the sensors may be determined. The actual positions may be sent to the sensors while the sensors are powered off.

Abstract: A cloud based storage system and methods for uploading and accessing 3-D data partitioned across distributed storage nodes of the system. The data cube is processed to identify discrete partitions thereof, which partitions may be organized according to the x (e.g., inline), y (e.g., crossline) and/ or z (e.g., time) aspects of the cube. The partitions are stored in unique storage nodes associated with unique keys. Sub-keys may also be used as indexes to specific data values or collections of values (e.g., traces) within a partition. Upon receiving a request, the proper partitions and values within the partitions are accessed, and the response may be passed to a renderer that converts the values into an image displayable at a client device. The request may also facilitate data or image access at a local cache, a remote cache, or the storage partitions using location, data, retrieval, and/or rendering parameters.

Abstract: Method for quantitatively assessing connectivity for well pairs at varying frequencies. A time series of measurements (12) is chosen for each of the two wells such that the particular measurements will be sensitive to subsurface connectivity if it exists (11). The two time series may then be pre-processed by resampling to time intervals commensurate with response time between the two wells (13), detrending the measurements (14), and detecting and eliminating spiking noises (15). Then the time series are transformed to the frequency domain where coherence and phase between the two series are compared for varying frequencies (16). This comparison is used to make a determination of connectivity.

Abstract: The invention is a method for extrapolating missing near-offset seismic data (101) so that the data may be used, for example, in SRME or another multiple-reflection elimination method. The invention uses the reciprocity principle (102) to relate two seismic states (acoustic or elastic) that can occur in a time-invariant, bounded domain in space. One of these states represents the physical experiment for the acquisition of the actual seismic data where near-offset traces are missing, and the other state represents a synthetic experiment with no missing near offset traces, computer-generated on a much simpler earth model. The reciprocity relationship used to relate these two states is iteratively inverted for the missing near-offset traces (103), preferably using only part of the synthetic data (102) so as to reduce inversion artifacts. The reference model acts as a constraint on the near-offset extrapolation.

Abstract: A model for predicting fracturing in shale can minimize surface disruption, protect groundwater, maximize efficiency of hydraulic fracturing, and manage fluids used in unconventional gas development. The model provides a more comprehensive understanding of the geological, geophysical, and geomechanical properties of shales and imbeds these properties in geomechanical computer simulations to predict both the reservoir performance from the fracturing, and the associated microseismic events generated by fracturing. Since the geological and geophysical properties can be estimated from surface seismic, well logs, and geologic concepts with regional context; the performance of the fracturing can be predicted and optimized. Since the microseismic events can be predicted with the model, the simulations can be verified and the model can be updated to be consistent with the observed microseismic.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for performing time-lapse monitor surveys with sparsely sampled monitor data sets (11). An accurate 3D representation (e.g., image) of a target area (e.g., a hydrocarbon bearing subsurface reservoir) is constructed using the sparsely sampled monitor data set (e.g., seismic data set). The sparsely sampled monitor data set may be so limited that it alone is insufficient to generate an accurate 3D representation of the target area, but accuracy is achieved through use of certain external information (14). The external information may include predetermined base survey data from a first time that is used (12) to interpolate data that is not recorded in the sparsely sampled monitor data set to derive a fully sampled monitor data set that can be processed (e.g., using conventional processing techniques) for determining an accurate representation of the target area at a second time.

Abstract: A method for reconstituting a signal due to a flow distortion in a mud-pulse telemetry system, having steps of obtaining at least one parameter to be transmitted by a transmitter to a receiver through the mud-pulse telemetry system, estimating a change in a flow rate in a borehole fluid along a trajectory of the mud-pulse telemetry system undergoing a fluid distortion, estimating a Doppler rate of the signal traveling through the borehole fluid along the trajectory of the mud-pulse telemetry system, calculating a Doppler compensation value for the signal sent along the trajectory in the borehole fluid, transmitting the signal of the at least one parameter through the mud-pulse telemetry system, receiving a portion of the signal of the at least one parameter and reconstituting at least a portion of the signal using the Doppler compensation value.

Abstract: A system and method for performing stimulation operations at a wellsite having a subterranean formation with of a reservoir therein is provided. The method involves generating a plurality of quality indicators from a plurality of logs, and combining the plurality of quality indicators to form a composite quality indicator. The plurality of stress blocks may then be merged using diversion criterion. The composite quality indicator may be combined with the merged stress blocks to form a combined stress and composite quality indicator, the combined stress and composite quality indicator comprising a plurality of blocks with boundaries therebetween. The method may further comprise defining stages along the combined stress and composite quality indicator based on the diverter-assisted stage classifications; and selectively positioning perforations in select stages based on the diverter-assisted stage classifications thereon.

Abstract: A seismic survey design generation method is disclosed for generating seismic survey design data for performing a seismic survey. The survey design data purposefully violates Freznel zone constraints related to source and/or receiver bin sizes by providing exceptionally small bin sizes. In particular, the seismic survey design generation method and apparatus therefor generates seismic survey design data where the Freznel zone constraints are violated in order to obtain enhanced resolution seismic images not possible in the prior art.

Abstract: An event data processing apparatus calculates a meeting person number difference which is a difference in the number of meeting persons between a first number of meeting persons at a first time and a second number of meeting persons at a second time, determines that a continuous communication is conducted between the first time and the second time if the meeting person number difference is equal to or smaller than a meeting person number threshold value which is a predetermined threshold value, and records persons included in the first number of meeting persons and the second number of meeting persons, the first time, and the second time in association with event identifiers for identifying events in a recording module.

Abstract: Prior information describing a distribution of values of a parameter relating to physical characteristic of a target structure is received. Acquired survey data of the target structure is received. Using a probabilistic technique, the prior information and the survey data is assimilated to produce an estimated property of the target structure.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for seismic imaging implements a seismic imaging algorithm utilizing Reverse Time Migration technique requiring large communication bandwidth and low latency to convert a parallel problem into one solved using massive domain partitioning. Several aspects of the imaging problem are addressed, including very regular and local communication patterns, balanced compute and communication requirements, scratch data handling and multiple-pass approaches. The partitioning of the velocity model into processing blocks allows each sub-problem to fit in a local cache, increasing locality and bandwidth and reducing latency. The RTM seismic data processing utilizes data that includes combined shot data, i.e., shot data selected from amongst a plurality of shots that are combined at like spatial points of the volume.

Abstract: A group of techniques can be used to determine if components of a seismic spread have deviated from a planned path during a coil or other curved and substantially circular acquisition pattern. In one aspect, and in general, the presently disclosed techniques include a computer-readable program storage medium for determining the deviation of spread array element from a planned curved path during a towed-array marine seismic survey. The method comprises: determining a nominal position of the spread array element at a given point in the planned curved path; determining the actual position of the spread array element; and performing an error analysis predicated on the nominal and actual positions.

Abstract: The current document is directed to computational systems and methods carried out by the computational systems for propagating a combined source-and-receiver wavefield from a first level to a next, second level with respect to depth, time, or another dimension. The methods and systems, to which the current document is directed, apply an efficient complex, combined-source-and-receiver-wavefield propagation operator to a complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield in order to propagate the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield to the next level. Real source and receiver wavefields at the next, second level can then be extracted from the complex combined-source-and-receiver wavefield at the next level.

Abstract: A technique includes processing seismic data indicative of samples of at least one measured seismic signal in a processor-based machine to, in an iterative process, determine basis functions, which represent a constructed seismic signal. The technique includes in each iteration of the iterative process, selecting another basis function of the plurality of basis functions. The selecting includes based at least in part on the samples and a current version of the constructed seismic signal, determining a cost function; and interpreting the cost function based at least in part on a predicted energy distribution of the constructed seismic signal to select the basis function.

Abstract: A technique includes processing seismic data indicative of samples of at least one measured seismic signal in a processor-based machine to determine basis functions that represent a constructed seismic signal based at least in part on a matching pursuit-based technique. The technique further includes basing the determination of the basis functions at least in part on a predicted energy distribution of the constructed seismic signal.

Abstract: Methods of generating structural models of highly deviated or horizontal wells may be generated from the measurement of true stratigraphic thickness in three dimensions (TST3D). In one aspect, methods may include generating a structural model from one or more deviation surveys of a horizontal well, one or more single channel log measurements, and a three-dimensional reference surface.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide systems and methods for using ballast sensors to detect rock fall events in a vicinity of railway tracks or similar roadways or tracks. The ballast sensors are spaced apart from the tracks. Particular embodiments permit the use of signals from the ballast sensors to discriminate rock fall events from other types of events and to detect the hypocenter of a rock fall event.

Abstract: A method and system are described for identifying a geologic object through cross sections of a geologic data volume. The method includes obtaining a geologic data volume having a set of cross sections. Then, two or more cross sections are selected and a transformation vector is estimated between the cross sections. Based on the transformation vector, a geologic object is identified within the geologic data volume.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method for analyzing microseismic events associated with hydraulic fracturing detects a new microseismic event and assigns it to a cluster of other events having similar characteristics. Cluster characteristic(s), e.g., average event(s), average source mechanisms, and/or average locations, are updated and used to characterize a future microseismic events.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for transforming petrophysical properties into seismic attributes are disclosed herein. Embodiments of the method utilize an AVO expression which maps lithology to P-wave reflectivity at a particular angle through their ?/? values (or equivalent elastic properties K/? and ?). Rocks with different ?/? will be projected to the different angle and reflectivity. The equation which transforms ?/? to reflection angle may be referred to as a Generalized Angle Transform Equation (GATE). Further details and advantages of various embodiments of the method are described in more herein.