Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems to dynamically schedule a workload to among compute blocks based on temperature are disclosed. An apparatus to schedule a workload to at least one of a plurality of compute blocks based on temperature includes a prediction engine to determine (i) a first predicted temperature of a first compute block of the plurality of compute blocks and (ii) a second predicted temperature of a second compute block of the plurality of compute blocks. The apparatus also includes a selector to select between the first compute block and the second compute block for assignment of the workload. The selection is based on which of the first and second predicted temperatures is lower. The apparatus further includes a workload scheduler to assign the workload to the selected one of the first or second compute blocks.

Abstract: A system for monitoring sound comprising a primary circuit portion and a secondary circuit portion. The primary circuit portion is adapted to alternate between a first state of operation and a second state of operation. In the first state, the primary circuit portion is adapted to monitor sound. The primary circuit portion is adapted to periodically enter the first state with a predetermined frequency. The secondary circuit portion is adapted to monitor sound while the primary circuit portion is in the second state and provide an indication of the sound monitored to the primary circuit portion. The system is adapted to dynamically adjust the frequency with which the primary circuit portion enters the first state based on the indication.

Abstract: A wafer is prepared, and a thickness shape of the prepared wafer at each position in a radial direction is measured for each of a predetermined number of angles into which 360 degrees of a circumference around the center of the wafer are divided. The thickness shape obtained by a measuring machine for each angle is approximated with a sixth or higher order polynomial, and a function of the wafer thickness at the position in the radial direction is created. The thickness shape outputted by the measuring machine and a thickness shape outputted by the function are compared with each other, and an error on the entire surface of the wafer is confirmed to be not greater than a predetermined error. After the confirmation, information of the function for each angle is attached to the wafer as data representing the wafer shape and supplied to a user.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a DAC method having signal calibration mechanism is provided. Operation states of current sources are controlled to generate an output analog signal by a DAC circuit according to a codeword of an input digital signal. An echo signal is generated by an echo transmission circuit according to the output analog signal. The codeword is mapped to generate an offset signal by a calibration circuit according to a codeword offset mapping table. The offset signal is processed to generate an echo-canceling signal by an echo-canceling circuit. By a calibration parameter calculation circuit, offset amounts are generated according to a difference between the echo signal and the echo-canceling signal, the offset amounts are grouped to perform statistic operation according to the operation states and current offset values are calculated according to calculation among groups and converted to codeword offset values to update the codeword offset mapping table.

Abstract: A phase noise measurement method of measuring phase noise of a device under test is described. The phase noise measurement method includes the steps of: determining, by a measurement circuit, measurement IQ data based on an output signal of a device under test; setting, by a control circuit, a magnitude threshold; determining, by an analysis circuit, critical samples of reference IQ data for which a magnitude of a reference signal is smaller than the magnitude threshold; discarding the critical samples of the reference IQ data and corresponding critical samples of the measurement IQ data, thereby obtaining modified reference IQ data and modified measurement IQ data; and determining, by the analysis circuit, a phase noise spectrum of the output signal of the device under test based on the modified reference IQ data and based on the modified measurement IQ data. Further, a measurement system is described.

Abstract: In-ear sound pressure level, SPL, is determined that is caused by output audio being converted into sound by a headset worn by a user. The in-ear SPL is converted into a sound sample having units that are suitable for evaluating sound noise exposure. These operations are repeated to produce a sequence of sound samples during playback. This sequence of sound samples is then written to a secure database. Access to the database is authorized by the user. Other aspects are also described and claimed.

Abstract: There is provided a computer system including a mouse device and a host. The mouse device receives a command script from the host to determine output data to be transmitted to the host. The output data includes, for example, at least one pressed key signal and/or a movement signal. The command script is previously recorded in the host or is determined according to raw data detected by the mouse device. The present disclosure further provides a gaming mouse.

Abstract: A resistor mesh with distributed sensing points is provided in a security chip as an anti-tamper shield. An analog multiplexing circuit is configured to receive a pair of digital selection values created by an algorithm processing circuit, and produce a respective differential voltage formed by a pair of voltages obtained at a pair of selected sensing points within the resistor mesh corresponding to the pair of digital selection values. Each differential voltage is converted into a corresponding digital output value. An algorithm processing circuit is configured to receive a respective digital output value associated with each pair of digital selection values and derive a binary value based on a subset of the digital output values, wherein the binary value is unique to the security chip.

Abstract: A shielding arrangement for a magnetoencephalography (MEG) system includes a passively shielded enclosure having a plurality of walls defining the passively shielded enclosure, each of the plurality of walls including passive magnetic shielding material to reduce an ambient background magnetic field within the passively shielded enclosure; a vestibular wall extending from a first vertical wall to define, and at least partially separate, a vestibular area of the passively shielded enclosure adjacent the doorway and a user area of the passively shielded enclosure; and active shield coils distributed within the passively shielded enclosure and configured to further reduce the ambient background magnetic field within the user area of the passively shielded enclosure.

Abstract: A piece of electronic equipment, such as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) or server, has a case adapted for mounting in a rack or cabinet. The equipment includes a presence sensor installed within the case such that it has an external field of view. A controller connected to the presence sensor. In response to a presence detection by the presence sensor, the piece of electronic equipment may take any of a number of different actions, at least some of which are geared toward making the area around the equipment more comfortable for workers and providing workers with helpful information. These actions may include, but are not limited to, changing the speeds of internal fans, powering up a display to provide status and maintenance information, and other such actions. The presence sensor may also be used to detect emergency conditions, such as fire.

Abstract: A method and a system for determining at least one contribution of at least one device under test (DUT) are described. The DUT may be part of a radio frequency (RF) device chain. The method includes capturing a first signal portion at a first node associated with an input of the DUT and capturing a second signal portion at a second node associated with an output of the DUT. The first signal portion and the second signal portion are captured quasi-simultaneously. The method may also include aligning the captured first signal portion and the captured second signal portion with each other temporally, and determining the contribution of the DUT by comparing the first signal portion and the second signal portion.

Abstract: The technology disclosed relates to equalizer-based intensity correction for base calling. In particular, the technology disclosed relates to accessing an image whose pixels depict intensity emissions from a target cluster and intensity emissions from additional adjacent clusters, selecting a lookup table that contains pixel coefficients that are configured to increase a signal-to-noise ratio, applying the pixel coefficients to intensity values of the pixels in the image to produce an output, and base calling the target cluster based on the output.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve a system comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing a program and a method for performing operations comprising: receiving a video that includes a depiction of a body of a user; detecting a plurality of skeletal joints of the body depicted in the video; tracking movement of the plurality of skeletal joints across a set of frames of the video; and smoothing the movement of a first set of the plurality of skeletal joints between frames in the first set of frames independently of smoothing movement of a second set of the plurality of skeletal joints in the first set of frames.

Abstract: A system for early detection of onset of oscillatory instabilities in practical devices is described. The system consists of a measuring device (102), an instability detection unit (104) and a control unit (106). The measuring device (102) is configured to generate signals corresponding to the dynamics happening inside the practical device. The instability detection unit (104) along with an amplitude estimation unit (130) is configured to diagnose the stability of the practical device from the signals that are generated by the measuring device (102). Further, the control unit (106) is configured to control various operating parameters in the practical device based on the information obtained from the instability detection unit (104).

Abstract: A noise removing circuit may include: a reference voltage control circuit configured to perform a noise detection sequence operation based on noise detection sequence information, and control a reference voltage based on a counting value; a noise detection circuit configured to compare a supply voltage and the reference voltage, and generate a counting value corresponding to noise which has occurred in the supply voltage; a noise calculation circuit configured to generate a loading control signal corresponding to the noise by performing an operation on the counting value and the reference voltage; and a loading control circuit configured to control a loading value for the supply voltage based on the loading control signal.

Abstract: A method for detecting at least one glitch in an electrical signal. This method comprises: generating, from said electrical signal, at least one digital oscillating signal which is sensitive to glitches; and—performing the following steps as a repeatable round: (a) assigning a time window to at least one digital oscillating signal; said time window being implemented on the basis of a clock signal substantially insensitive to said at least one glitch to be detected; (b) determining from said time window a sampling value of the digital oscillating signal, said sampling value being characteristic of said digital oscillating signal throughout its time window; (c) detecting any potential glitch in said electrical signal by comparing said sampling value with an expected reference value; and (d) outputting a response typifying a result of the comparison step. Also, a device for implementing said method is described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor device and method for obtaining physiological information of a subject. The sensor device comprises a PPG sensor (20), a motion sensor (30) and a device (10) for obtaining physiological information of the subject. The device comprises a processing unit (13) for generating an output signal carrying physiological information by (i) modulating the motion reference signal on a carrier signal of the first set of carrier signals or on a second carrier signal orthogonal to the first set of carrier signals to obtain a modulated signal and combining the modulated signal with the modulated PPG signals to obtain the output signal or (ii) demodulating the modulated PPG signals, performing artifact-reduction on the demodulated PPG signals using the motion reference signal to obtain artifact-reduced PPG signals and modulating the artifact-reduced PPG signals on the first set of carrier signals to obtain the output signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting and locating hydrocarbon deposits under a body of water in several steps. First, images of a surface of the body of water taken at different times are acquired. Next, for each image, traces of hydrocarbon leaks are identified. Next, a detection map is generated. This map indicates probabilities of the presence of a hydrocarbon leak around the identified traces. The map is obtained by processing the image at least based on a criterion of distance to the identified traces. Finally, the detection maps are combined to produce a hydrocarbon leak location map.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces and techniques for monitoring noise exposure levels using an electronic device. In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device displays a graphical indication of a noise exposure level over a first period of time with an area of the graphical indication that is colored to represent the noise exposure level, the color of the area transitioning from a first color to a second color when the noise exposure level exceeds a first threshold. In accordance with some embodiments, the electronic device displays noise exposure levels attributable to a first output device type and a second output device type and, in response to selecting a filtering affordance, visually distinguishes a set of noise exposure levels attributable to the second output device type.

Abstract: A sensor may include a housing configured to couple to a machine; at least one processor within the housing; a battery within the housing; a communication adapter within the housing and coupled to the at least one processor; and a measurement device within the housing and coupled to the at least one processor and the battery. The communication adapter may be configured to wirelessly connect to a communication network. The measurement device may be configured to: obtain measurements of a physical characteristic of the machine to which the housing is coupled and transmit the measurements via the communication adapter, and automatically switch between a first measurement mode comprising a first sampling rate and a second measurement mode comprising a second sampling rate, different from the first sampling rate, without human intervention.

Abstract: A voice data transmission method performed by at least one processor, includes placing multiple voice data frames in a target sending queue, sequentially sending the multiple voice data frames to a data receiving party, and identifying one or more important voice frames among the multiple voice data frames placed in the target sending queue. The method further includes placing the one or more important voice frames that are identified, in a retransmission processing queue, and for the multiple voice data frames that are sent, performing retransmission processing on only the one or more important voice frames placed in the retransmission processing queue.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for attributing web traffic to an advertising spot. The method may include receiving traffic data for a web page from a server associated with an advertiser and receiving, from a log provider, a log of a plurality of advertising spots related to the advertiser. A duration of time as a peak may be designated to identify the amount of traffic that is attributable to the one of the plurality of advertising spots.

Abstract: A method and analyzer for identifying or verifying or otherwise characterizing a sample comprising: using or having an electromagnetic radiation source for emitting electromagnetic radiation in at least one beam at a sample, the electromagnetic radiation comprising at least two different wavelengths, using or having a sample detector that detects affected electromagnetic radiation resulting from the emitted electromagnetic radiation affected by the sample and provides output representing the detected affected radiation, and using or having a processor for determining sample coefficients from the output, and identifying or verifying or otherwise characterizing the sample using the sample coefficients and training coefficients determined from training samples, wherein the coefficients reduce sensitivity to a sample retainer variation and/or are independent of concentration.

Abstract: An audio processing device is described comprising an energy distribution determiner configured to determine an energy distribution of a sound and an acoustical environment determiner configured to determine based on the energy distribution whether the sound includes a sound caused by the acoustical environment.

Abstract: A vehicle includes one or more integrated biosensors, such as finger sensors or other user touchpoints. The integrated biosensors are configured to obtain biosensor data, such as a patient's vitals or concentrations of substances in the blood flow of a user. A control module of a vehicle receives the biosensor data and controls operation of one or more systems of the vehicle in response to the biosensor data. The control module may also present the biosensor data on a display of the vehicle and receive user commands to control the biosensors. The control module may also generate warnings for display in response to the biosensor data exceeding one or more predetermined thresholds.

Abstract: A biosensor control module is integrated in a vehicle and includes a transceiver configured to communicate with a plurality of PPG circuits. The PPG circuits have different locations, including a control button of the vehicle, key fob or steering wheel. The biosensor control module receives first spectral data including PPG waveforms from a first PPG circuit at a first location. The biosensor control module also receives second spectral data including PPG waveforms from a second PPG circuit at a second location. The biosensor control module combines the PPG waveforms from the first spectral data and the second spectral data to obtain health information of a user.

Abstract: A pair of earphones have microphone arrays each providing a plurality of microphone signals. A processor receives the microphone signals and applies a first set of filters to a subset of the plurality of microphone signals from each of the arrays, the first set of filters inverting the signals below a cutoff frequency, and provides the first-filtered signals and the remainder of the microphone signals from each of the arrays to a second set of filters. The processor uses the second set of filters to combine the signals to generate a far-field signal that is more sensitive to sounds originating a short distance away from the earphones than to sounds close to the earphones above the cutoff frequency, and omnidirectional below the cutoff frequency, determines a level of wind noise present in the microphone signals, and adjusts the cutoff frequency as a function of the determined level of wind noise.

Abstract: A method includes receiving noise spectral information from a scale, analyzing the noise spectral information via circuitry to identify instances of noise with various magnitudes at multiple frequencies, ending a listening period, and providing the identified instances of noise to be displayed.

Abstract: A method and analyser for identifying or verifying or otherwise characterising a sample comprising: using or having an electromagnetic radiation source for emitting electromagnetic radiation in at least one beam at a sample, the electromagnetic radiation comprising at least two different wavelengths, using or having a sample detector that detects affected electromagnetic radiation resulting from the emitted electromagnetic radiation affected by the sample and provides output representing the detected affected radiation, and using or having a processor for determining sample coefficients from the output, and identifying or verifying or otherwise characterising the sample using the sample coefficients and training coefficients determined from training samples, wherein the coefficients reduce sensitivity to a sample retainer variation and/or are independent of concentration.

Abstract: A signal processing device for detecting a weak signal in an input signal. The device includes first and second pulse detectors and a determining circuit. The first pulse detector adds noise to the input signal, and processes the noise-added signal using a first threshold, to thereby output a first signal having a first pulse waveform component, which corresponds to an interval in which a level of the noise-added input signal exceeds the first threshold. The second pulse detector receives the input signal in parallel with the first pulse detector, and processes the input signal using a second threshold, to thereby output a second signal having a second pulse waveform component, which corresponds to an interval in which a level of the input signal exceeds the second threshold. The determining circuit determines whether each of the first and second pulse waveform components conforms to the weak signal.

Abstract: A Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) device including at least one CMUT element with at least one CMUT cell is formed. A patterned dielectric layer thereon including a thick and a thin dielectric region is formed on a top side of a single crystal material substrate. A second substrate is bonded to the thick dielectric region to provide at least one sealed micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) cavity. The second substrate is thinned to reduce a thickness of said second substrate to provide a membrane layer. The membrane layer is etched to form a movable membrane over said MEMS cavity and to remove said membrane layer over said top side substrate contact area. The thin dielectric region is removed from over said top side substrate contact area. A top side metal layer is formed including a trace portion coupling said top side substrate contact area to said movable membrane.

Abstract: A DLNA device for sharing multiple home media content comprises a display unit, an input unit, a communicator, a controller and a data storage unit. The display unit is configured to display a user interface for implementing at least one individual DLNA service scenario. The input unit is configured to receive a DLNA service scenario selection information including server selection information, content selection information and player selection information through the user interface. The communicator configured to communicate with a DLNA network. The controller is configured to perform the at least one individual DLNA service scenario based on the DLNA service scenario selection information received through the input unit. The data storage unit configured to store scenario selection information, uniform resource identifier (URI) information of a content and playback state information corresponding to each individual DLNA service scenario.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a method for adjusting interference signal estimates provided by multichannel biomagnetic field measurements. A so-called Signal Space Separation method (SSS) is applied in the calculatory analysis of the measurement signals, providing for the division of the sources causing the fields in objects of interest and external interferences. When the signal basis representing the interferences has been estimated, this interference signal estimate is adjusted by measuring the fields without the object to be measured and without changing the sensor assembly. Interference components obtained in this manner are analyzed in such a way as to include only the most significant interference components. An adjusted interference subspace is formed, by means of which signal processing and the analysis of the useful signals can be continued.

Abstract: An electronic device includes (i) an input-volume measuring section (23) for measuring input volume, which is volume of a sound inputted into the sound input section (17) while the sound output section (16) is performing sound output, (ii) a feedback-volume estimating section (24) for estimating estimated volume, estimated volume is volume of a sound which is to be inputted into the sound input section (17) in a state in which there is no object which blocks the sound in a predetermined range, (iii) volume determination section (26) for determining whether or not the input volume is lower than the estimated volume, and (iv) a function control section (21) for carrying out a predetermined process if the input volume is lower than the estimated volume.

Abstract: A sensor panel device that can generate and use a stimulus signal having multiple different waveforms for detecting events on or near the sensor panel is disclosed. Among other things, such a stimulus signal can be used to reject environmental noise present in the device. In some embodiments, the stimulus signal has multiple waveforms having different frequencies. Logic circuitry can generate representative values from output of the different waveforms applied to one or more sensing nodes in the sensor panel device. From the representative values, a final value can be generated that represents whether an event occurred at or near the one or more sensing nodes.

Abstract: A system is configured so that signals passed through an all-pass filter using warp parameter ? are whitening-filtered, and so that the frequency axis is restored by an all-pass filter using warp parameter ?. This optimizes the whitening filter by determining the optimum ?. First, the AR order p is automatically estimated using ?=0. A spectral distance d? is computed using a discrete Fourier transform spectrum value passed through an all-pass filter using warp parameter ? and a discrete AR spectrum value passed through an all-pass filter using warp parameter ?. The ? which minimizes the spectral distance d? is set as the warp parameter, and a whitening filter is configured in which the warp parameter has been optimized.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods of frequency selection algorithms and frequency set selection are described. One method monitors a signal on the electrodes of a sense network, determine a first group of noise metrics of noise in the signal, determine a second group of noise metrics. The method switches from a first operating frequency in a first set to a second operating frequency in the first frequency set based on the first group of noise metrics and switches from the first operating frequency in the first set to a third operating frequency in a second frequency set based on the second group of noise metrics.

Abstract: A touch screen apparatus and a processing method thereof. In the touch screen apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention, a frequency spectrum analyzing unit determines that a frequency domain signal of a signal received by a receiving unit in the touch screen apparatus or of a signal obtained by processing the signal received by the receiving unit for at least once includes a predetermined noise signal feature, and then a frequency control unit controls the frequency of the signal sent by a sending unit, so that there is as little interference of the noise as possible when the sending unit performs transmission.

Abstract: A method and system for tracking and updating bias in an inertial sensor by determining a maximum bias drift and a noise band for a sensor, determining a prior bias value of the sensor, and measuring a current bias value of the sensor. The method and system can further include calculating a bias difference between the prior bias value and the current bias value, and updating the prior bias value with the current bias value if the current bias value is within the noise band and the bias difference is less than or equal to the maximum bias drift.

Abstract: Signal filtering removes effects of a periodic, low-frequency noise signal from a signal of interest. A signal waveform is sampled at different points of a number of consecutive periodic noise signal cycles and the collected samples are averaged to produce a corrected signal. The number of consecutive cycles in which samples are taken and averaged is inversely related to the signal amplitude such that as the signal level decreases, the number of cycles examined increases. Improved RMS calculations are obtained for filtering low-frequency random noise from Hall sensors by averaging samples at different points of a signal cycle to create a composite desired signal cycle to facilitate other signal calculations.

Abstract: The present invention, herein is a method and apparatus that significantly limits the effect of high frequency (“HF”) interferences on acquired electro-physiological signals, such as the EEG and EMG. Preferably, this method comprises of two separate electronic circuitries and steps or electronics for processing the signals. One circuit is used to block the transmission of HF interferences to the instrumentation amplifiers. It is comprised of a front-end active filter, a low frequency electromagnetic interference (“EMI”) shield, and an isolation barrier interface which isolates the patient from earth ground. The second circuit is used to measure the difference in potential between the two isolated sides of the isolation barrier. This so-called “cross-barrier” voltage is directly representative of the interference level that the instrumentation amplifier is subjected to. This circuit is used to confirm that the acquired signals are not corrupted by the interference.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for improving the performance of a threshold-based detector or classifier, or a generic detector or classifier and increasing the probability of detecting at least one object in an image using novel algorithms and stochastic resonance noise is provided, where a suitable dose of noise is introduced to the image data such that the performance of the above-referenced detectors or classifiers is improved without altering the detector's or classifier's parameters. Several stochastic resonance (SR) noise-based detection and classification enhancement schemes are presented. The SR noise-enhanced detection and classification schemes can improve any algorithms and systems. To implement these schemes, the only knowledge that is needed is the original input data (no matter 1D, 2D, 3D or others) and the output (detection results) of the existing algorithms and systems.

Abstract: A method of processing data from a distributed fibre-optic interferometric sensor system for measuring a measurand, the system comprising multiple interferometric sensors. The method comprises interrogating two or more of the multiple interferometric sensors to record a raw measurement time series for each of the sensors. The method further comprises calculating a common reference time series as a measure of central tendency of the raw measurement time series from two or more reference sensors, the reference sensors being selected from the multiple interferometric sensors. Finally, the method comprises compensating at least one raw measurement time series from a measurement sensor selected from the multiple interferometric sensors with the common reference time series to produce a compensated measurement time series, the measurement sensor being configured to be sensitive to the measurand. The invention further relates to a distributed fibre-optic interferometric sensor system.

Abstract: Methods and devices for reducing noise effects in a system for measuring a physiological parameter, including receiving an input signal, obtaining an assessment of the signal quality of the input signal, selecting coefficients for a digital filter using the assessment of signal quality; and filtering the input signal using the digital filter, without comparing the filter's output signal with the input signal.

Abstract: A sensor interface includes on-chip relaxation oscillator circuit and a PLL that operate cooperatively to generate a highly accurate clock signal on-chip using low-power components. A photodiode generates a current signal based on an optical signal that is representative of a sensor signal. An ADC that operates based on the highly accurate clock signal generates a digital signal based on the current signal generated by the photodiode, and a processor processed the digital signal to estimate sensor data within the sensor signal. Examples of characteristics that may be sensed can include environmental characteristics (e.g., temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, etc.) and/or biomedical characteristics (e.g., body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, etc.). In desired, an amplifier processes the photodiode-provided current signal before it is provided to the ADC. Also, one or more CDACs that generate feedback currents may be used to reduce noise sensitivity of the sensor interface.

Abstract: A method and system for displaying data is disclosed herein. A plurality of epochs are stitched together with an overlapping section in order to present a continuous EEG recording. Artifact reduction is performed on the epochs and then the epochs are combined together with overlapping sections of preferably two to four seconds.

Abstract: Electrical structures, methods, and computer program products for radio frequency (RF) de-embedding are provided. A structure includes a first test device, a first through structure corresponding to the first test device, and a first open structure corresponding to the first test device. The structure also includes a second test device having at least one different physical dimension than the first test device but otherwise identical to the first test device, a second through structure corresponding to the second test device, and a second open structure corresponding to the second test device. A method includes determining a first electrical parameter of the first test device in a first DUT structure and a second electrical parameter of the second test device in a second DUT structure based on measured electrical parameters of the first and the second DUT structures, through structures, and open structures.

Abstract: A device, including sample and reference channels through which first and second solutions flow, respectively, the first solution including an analyte, the channels having a metal film in contact with the first and second solutions, the metal film configured with a linker to selectively bind the analyte; a light source whose output is modulated by an optical system, so that light is directed from the optical system alternately towards the sample and reference channels, surface plasmons within the metal film being created; a first photodetector that monitors the strength of the output from the light source; a second photodetector that collects optical signals reflected from the metal film; electronics that monitors output from the first and the second photodetectors, thereby detecting a noise-compensated difference in signals from the two channels; and a computer processor that determines, from analysis of the noise-compensated difference, presence of the analyte in the first solution.

Abstract: In an environment in which signal-to-noise is poor, a method and a system configuration for power-saving, low-cost, and general minute signal detection are provided.

Abstract: A method for detecting a human's steps and estimating the horizontal translation direction and scaling of the resulting motion relative to an inertial sensor is described. When a pedestrian takes a sequence of steps the displacement can be decomposed into a sequence of rotations and translations over each step. A translation is the change in the location of pedestrian's center of mass and a rotation is the change along z-axis of the pedestrian's orientation. A translation can be described by a vector and a rotation by an angle.