Abstract: A tri-state neural network circuit includes, in an intermediate layer: an input value Xi to which convolution is applied; a nonzero convolution operation circuit configured to receive a weight Wi and to perform a convolution operation thereof; a sum circuit configured to take a sum of operation values each subjected to the convolution operation and a bias W0; and an activating function circuit configured to convert a signal Y generated by taking the sum, using an activating function f(u). The nonzero convolution operation circuit is configured to skip a weight Wi having a zero weight and to perform a convolution operation based on a nonzero weight and an input value Xi corresponding thereto.

Abstract: A system, apparatuses, and methods for device and network security are discussed herein. In an example, a security device for providing security to user-entered inputs includes a universal serial bus (“USB”) port configured to receive a connector of an input device and a USB connector configured to connect to a port of a user device. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to receive a string of characters from the input device that correspond to inputs made by a user into a web browser or application on the user device. The processor adds at least one security character to the string of characters to generate a watermark string, and transmits the watermark string to the user device. The processor is configured to format the at least one security character such that only the string of characters are displayed in the web browser or the application at the user device.

Abstract: Provided are a map generation system and a mobile object configured so that the map accuracy of an occupancy grid map can be ensured while a memory capacity and an arithmetic processing load can be reduced. The map generation system includes a storage (27) configured to store, as detection information, a detection value obtained for each detection unit by a detection device (4) in chronological order, a map producer (23) configured to produce the occupancy grid map based on the detection information stored in the storage (27) and cause the storage (27) to store the occupancy grid map, and an influence ratio calculator (24) configured to calculate an influence ratio for the occupancy grid map for each piece of detection information stored in the storage (27). The map producer (23) sorts the detection information based on the influence ratio calculated by the influence ratio calculator (24) to produce the occupancy grid map.

Abstract: The accuracy of photovoltaic simulation modeling is predicated upon the selection of a type of solar resource data appropriate to the form of simulation desired. Photovoltaic power simulation requires irradiance data. Photovoltaic energy simulation requires normalized irradiation data. Normalized irradiation is not always available, such as in photovoltaic plant installations where only point measurements of irradiance are sporadically collected or even entirely absent. Normalized irradiation can be estimated through several methodologies, including assuming that normalized irradiation simply equals irradiance, directly estimating normalized irradiation, applying linear interpolation to irradiance, applying linear interpolation to clearness index values, and empirically deriving irradiance weights. The normalized irradiation can then be used to forecast photovoltaic fleet energy production.

Abstract: The description below relates to a method for a radar system that can be used to detect perturbations in the received radar signal. According to an example implementation, the method comprises providing a digital radar signal using a radar receiver, wherein the digital radar signal comprises a multiplicity of segments; calculating an envelope signal that represents the envelope of a segment of the digital radar signal; and ascertaining a time of the onset of an interference signal contained in the considered segment of the digital radar signal by using at least one statistical parameter of the envelope signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to techniques for deformulating the spectra of arbitrary compound formulations such as polymer formulations into their chemical components. Particularly, aspects of the present disclosure are directed to obtaining an initial set of spectra for a plurality of samples comprising pure samples and composite samples, constructing a basis set of spectra for a plurality of pure samples based on the initial set of spectra, and providing or outputting the basis set of spectrum. The basis set of spectra is constructed in an iterative process that attempts to decompose, using a decomposition algorithm or model, the spectrum from the initial set of spectra in order to differentiate the pure samples from the composite samples. The basis set of spectra may then be used to deduce the composition of a material from a spectrogram.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for beamspace processing in a radio access node are proposed. A channel estimate, which characterizes a radio channel between the antenna elements of an antenna array and a user equipment for a given time and a given frequency, is transformed using multiple distinct sets of spatial orthonormal basis functions to obtain transformed channel estimates. Each one of the distinct sets of spatial orthonormal basis functions defines a respective one of beamspace transformations. Based on measures of quality of beamspace transformation, a set of spatial orthonormal basis functions is selected from the sets of the spatial orthonormal basis functions to satisfy a beamspace reduction criteria for the radio channel. Data streams are encoded, based on a selected transformed channel estimate, into encoded data streams. The encoded data streams are then transmitted through the antenna elements of the antenna array.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic balance that enables a user to recognize the magnitude of disturbances in real time. An electronic balance (1) whose natural frequency is known, includes a load measurement mechanism (4) configured to detect weighing data (Zn), and an arithmetic processing unit (8) configured to perform arithmetic processing by using the weighing data (Zn), wherein the arithmetic processing unit (8) extracts a vibration component (Fr) of the natural frequency from the weighing data (Zn) detected by the load measurement mechanism (4) and displays the vibration component (Fr) of the natural frequency. By using the vibration component (Fr) of the natural frequency as an index of disturbances, it becomes possible to recognize in real time the magnitude of the disturbances during weighing.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include an Ethernet PHY device comprising a serial communication interface adapted to be coupled to a microcontroller, a register set having registers, and a checksum generator circuit coupled to the register set and configured to calculate a current checksum. The embodiment also includes a checksum register that is coupled to the checksum generator and is configured to store the current checksum. It further includes a checksum checker that is coupled to the checksum generator, the checksum register and the microcontroller, and is configured to compare a previous value of the checksum to the current checksum and, responsive to the previous value being different than the current checksum, send an error report to the microcontroller. The embodiment also includes a trigger circuit coupled to the checksum generator configured to send a checksum start signal to the checksum generator.

Abstract: According to one aspect, anomalous event detection based on deep learning may include a system for anomalous event detection for a device. The system includes a computing device having a processor, an encoding module, and a decoding module. The processor is configured to receive sensor data. The encoding module generates reconstruction data based on the sensor data, identifies at least one reconstruction error in the reconstruction data, and determines an anomaly score based on the at least one reconstruction error. The decoding module generates an action prediction based on the sensor data and determines a likelihood value based on the action prediction. The processor can then calculate a scaled anomaly score based on the anomaly score and the likelihood value and causes the processor to execute an action based on the scaled anomaly score.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to techniques for deformulating the spectra of arbitrary compound formulations such as polymer formulations into their chemical components. Particularly, aspects of the present disclosure are directed to obtaining an initial set of spectra for a plurality of samples comprising pure samples and composite samples, constructing a basis set of spectra for a plurality of pure samples based on the initial set of spectra, and providing or outputting the basis set of spectrum. The basis set of spectra is constructed in an iterative process that attempts to decompose, using a decomposition algorithm or model, the spectrum from the initial set of spectra in order to differentiate the pure samples from the composite samples. The basis set of spectra may then be used to deduce the composition of a material from a spectrogram.

Abstract: Automotive radar systems may employ a reconfigurable connection of antennas to radar transmitters and/or receivers. An illustrative embodiment of an automotive radar system includes: a radar transmitter; a radar receiver; and a digital signal processor coupled to the radar receiver to detect reflections of a signal transmitted by the radar transmitter and to derive signal measurements therefrom. At least one of the radar transmitter and the radar receiver are switchable to provide the digital signal processor with signals from each of multiple combinations of transmit antenna and receive antenna.

Abstract: A control method and a control system, by which a motor can be controlled. The control system includes a central processing module and a drive control module. In a period in which a voltage is not applied to any phase coil of the motor, the drive control module collects voltages of the coil to which the voltage is not applied, and converts the voltages of the coil into digital signals. The central processing module reads the digital signals and determines whether the running speed of the motor is consistent with a preset speed depending on whether an average value of the digital signals falls within a preset threshold range, which helps to improve the control precision.

Abstract: Sensors provide sensor data continuously from a device. The sensor data is continuously processed as factors to generate a confidence value for authentication. The confidence value is compared to a predetermined threshold value or predetermined range of values to determine whether a user is to be authenticated for access to one or more of: a device, a resource, and a transaction operation for a transaction.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes: obtaining, by a computing device, attendee origin indicators for an upcoming event by accessing a database or social media network; obtaining, by the computing device, attendee origin impact indicators; determining, by the computing device, a predicted number of attendees for the upcoming event by origin based on the attendee origin indicators; determining, by the computing device, an impact of hosting the attendees for the upcoming event based on the predicted number of attendees by origin and the attendee origin impact indicators; and outputting, by the computing device, information identifying the impact.

Abstract: Described are techniques for obtaining spectroscopic information from sub-micron regions of a sample using a probe microscope. The current invention uses the response of an AFM cantilever at a plurality of frequencies to substantially reduce the impact of background absorption away from the sub-micron region of interest. This innovation substantially improves the quality of spectra for top down illumination of samples that are not suitable for bottoms up illumination of the prior art.

Abstract: A measuring device in which a non-electrical variable is converted into an electrical measurement signal via an electrical alternating current having a frequency, wherein the measurement signal contains a signal portion dependent on the non-electrical variable and is double the frequency, and a fault signal portion dependent on the alternating current and is at the frequency, where the measurement signal is pre-processed and digitized to generate a digital signal that is detected and processed to generate a measured value proportional to the non-electrical variable and to generate a fault signal value, wherein the fault signal value is utilized to normalize the measured value that is normalized in a normalizing stage, by forming the quotient using the square of the fault signal value, and is output as a normalized measured value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for reducing data size of raw data. The system may process the raw data for calculating Renyi entropies, Wigner Ville Distributions (WVD's), Wigner Ville Spectrum (WVS) and Renyi divergence. The system may identify a first set of windows followed by a second set of windows while processing the raw data. Further, the system may calculate Eigen values for a Time-Frequency matrix of WVS of the second set of windows. The system may filter the second set of windows based on the Eigen values for preparing a third set of windows. The system prepares clusters of the Eigen values. The system may compute centroids of the clusters of the Eigen values. The system classifies each window of the third set of windows into one of the clusters indicating a relevant category of event identified from the raw data.

Abstract: Improved techniques of performing authentication involve extracting metadata from posts made by legitimate users on a social networking website and generating authentication results based in part on the extracted metadata. For example, in response to an authentication request being made from a device of a legitimate user, an authentication server obtains metadata describing one or more posts made by the legitimate user on the social networking website. The authentication server may then input the metadata to a risk engine, along with information gathered from the user's device. The risk engine then generates a risk score that indicates a likelihood that the request is fraudulent, based at least in part of whether the metadata obtained from the social networking website is consistent with the information obtained from the user's device.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for generating a visualization of differences between objects in a plurality of objects and a reference object. For each object in the plurality of objects, a widget performs the following steps. The widget retrieves a plurality of parameter values associated with the object. For each parameter value in the plurality of parameter values, the widget retrieves a reference value of the reference object corresponding to the parameter value, computes a difference between the parameter value and the reference value, and updates a difference indicator based on the computed difference. The widget selects an angle related to the difference indicator. The widget computes a location in a display screen region associated with the object based on the difference indicator and the selected angle.

Abstract: A spectral data processing apparatus includes an analyzer configured to perform principal component analysis of spectral data acquired for each of a plurality of regions of a sample, wherein the analyzer obtains an eigenvector by performing the principal component analysis of first spectral data of a first region out of the plurality of regions, and performs the principal component analysis of second spectral data of a second region different from the first region out of the plurality of regions using the obtained eigenvector.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes receiving one or more log files. Each of the one or more log files includes one or more logs. The computer-implemented method further includes extracting one or more event records from said one or more logs. The computer-implemented method further includes, for each event record of the one or more event records, determining one or more attributes and one or more dimensions based on the event record, respectively. The computer-implemented method further includes grouping the one or more event records into one or more attribute groups. The computer-implemented method further includes ordering the one or more event records of each of the one or more attribute groups by the one or more dimensions. The computer-implemented method further includes generating one or more graphical representations of the one or more attribute groups. A corresponding computer system and computer program product are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ultrasonic device optimized with both averaging and dithery pulsing techniques. The averaging technique significantly removes white noise; on the other hand, the dithery pulsing significantly removes acoustic noise, which is otherwise accumulated during conventional averaging processes.

Abstract: A method for determining regions of influence of a plurality of fluid moving devices in an infrastructure is provided. In the method, a plurality of clusters are generated, with each of the plurality of clusters containing a representation of fluid supply data pertaining to a fluid moving device and one or more of the plurality of sensors based upon collected sensor and fluid supply data. In addition, regions of influence of each of the plurality of fluid moving devices are identified from an analysis of the generated clusters.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes receiving one or more log files. Each of the one or more log files includes one or more logs. The computer-implemented method further includes extracting one or more event records from said one or more logs. The computer-implemented method further includes, for each event record of the one or more event records, determining one or more attributes and one or more dimensions based on the event record, respectively. The computer-implemented method further includes grouping the one or more event records into one or more attribute groups. The computer-implemented method further includes ordering the one or more event records of each of the one or more attribute groups by the one or more dimensions. The computer-implemented method further includes generating one or more graphical representations of the one or more attribute groups. A corresponding computer system and computer program product are also disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with the teachings described herein, systems and methods are provided for estimating quantiles for data stored in a distributed system. In one embodiment, an instruction is received to estimate a specified quantile for a variate in a set of data stored at a plurality of nodes in the distributed system. A plurality of data bins for the variate are defined that are each associated with a different range of data values in the set of data. Lower and upper quantile bounds for each of the plurality of data bins are determined based on the total number of data values that fall within each of the plurality of data bins. The specified quantile is estimated based on an identified one of the plurality of data bins that includes the specified quantile based on the lower and upper quantile bounds.

Abstract: An operation circuit and an operation method thereof are revealed. The operation circuit includes an extreme value processing unit, a curve processing module, and a component unit. The extreme value processing unit receives and processes a plurality of input data to get maximum values and minimum values. The curve processing module constructs a first matrix and a second matrix according to the maximum and minimum values and then decomposes the first matrix and the second matrix into first submatrices and second submatrices respectively. According to these submatrices, the curve processing module gets at least one mean value function corresponding to the maximum and the minimum values. The computation of a single matrix is reduced by matrix decomposition and operations of the operation circuit. Compared with conventional Gauss matrix manipulations that run by computer systems, the present invention can be applied to simpler circuits by simplifying matrix operation processes.

Abstract: A method of processing data from a distributed fibre-optic interferometric sensor system for measuring a measurand, the system comprising multiple interferometric sensors. The method comprises interrogating two or more of the multiple interferometric sensors to record a raw measurement time series for each of the sensors. The method further comprises calculating a common reference time series as a measure of central tendency of the raw measurement time series from two or more reference sensors, the reference sensors being selected from the multiple interferometric sensors. Finally, the method comprises compensating at least one raw measurement time series from a measurement sensor selected from the multiple interferometric sensors with the common reference time series to produce a compensated measurement time series, the measurement sensor being configured to be sensitive to the measurand. The invention further relates to a distributed fibre-optic interferometric sensor system.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance (MR) tomography aparatus has an array composed of a number n of single coils Ei to acquire reception signals Ii. The tomography apparatus is operated by a method that includes the following steps. For each single coil Ei, a processor determines, or is provided with, an individual reception sensitivity profile in positional space r B1i?(r). An examination subject introduced into the MR tomography apparatus is scanned to acquire reception signals Ii(k) in the frequency domain with the n reception coils Ei. Fourier-transformed signals IFi(r) are determined from the reception signals Ii(k). Complexly corrected signals ?Fi(r) are determined on the basis of the signals IFi(r) and the individual reception sensitivity profiles B1i?(r). A sum signal MR(r) is determined by complex addition of the corrected signals ?Fi(r). Image data of the examination subject are reconstructed on the basis of the sum signal MR(r).

Abstract: A distributed reflectometry device for diagnosing a network is disclosed. According to one aspect, the device includes at least one transmission line and several reflectometers connected to the network. A transmission portion of the device includes a first memory configured to store at least one test signal and a second memory configured to store weighting coefficients. The transmission portion may also include a first multiplier of a test signal (s) with a coefficient ?m, for producing a measurement m and a digital-to-analog converter connected to the line. A reception portion of the device includes an analog-to-digital converter configured to receive a signal from the line and provide a vector for the measurement m, a second multiplier of configured to multiply the vector with the coefficient ?m, an averaging module, and a post-processing and analysis module.

Abstract: A method and system for cancelling body movement effect for non-contact vital sign detection is described. The method begins with sending on a first electromagnetic wave transceiver a first electromagnetic signal with a first frequency to a first side of a body, such as a person or animal. Simultaneously using a second electromagnetic wave transceiver a second electromagnetic signal is sent with a second frequency to a second side of a body, wherein the first frequency and the second frequency are different frequencies. A first reflected electromagnetic signal reflected back in response to the first electromagnetic wave on the first transceiver is received and a first baseband complex signal is extracted. Likewise a second reflected electromagnetic signal reflected back in response to the second electromagnetic wave on the second transceiver is received and a second baseband complex signal is extracted.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the function of a sensor module including sensor which generates a measurement signal for a physical quantity to be determined and applies the measurement signal to an output terminal in an unchanged form or in processed form. In addition, a test signal is generated whose spectrum lies outside the spectrum of the measurement signal. The test signal is supplied at a place in the sensor from which it reaches the output terminal in unchanged form or in processed form only in the case of a functional sensor. An output signal present at the output terminal is compared with the test signal and a diagnosis signal is generated, which indicates whether the test signal is present at the output terminal. The test signal is filtered out of the output signal and the remaining signal is applied as the measurement signal at an output of the sensor module.

Abstract: A signal processing method and a signal processing system are provided. The signal processing method comprises the following steps. An original signal is provided. The original signal is gradually divided to be corresponding a plurality of stages. One high frequency signal and one low frequency signal whose frequency is lower than that of the high frequency signal are corresponding one of the stages. One of the low frequency signals corresponding to one of the stages is divided into another one of the high frequency signals and another one of the low frequency signals corresponding to the next one of the stages. An adjusting signal is obtained by filtering one of the low frequency signals out of another one of the low frequency signals.

Abstract: A microphonics noise cancellation system and method for improving the energy resolution for mechanically cooled high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector systems. A classical adaptive noise canceling digital processing system using an adaptive predictor is used in an MCA to attenuate the microphonics noise source making the system more deployable.

Abstract: Embodiments of adaptively performing clutter filtering are disclosed. In one embodiment, by way of non-limiting example, an ultrasound system comprises: an ultrasound data acquisition unit configured to transmit and receive ultrasound signals to and from a target object to output a plurality of ultrasound data corresponding to each pixel of a color Doppler mode image; and a processing unit in communication with the ultrasound data acquisition unit and being configured to calculate a power difference value corresponding to each of the pixels based on the plurality of ultrasound data, determine whether the power difference value is equal to or larger than a first threshold value, and if the power difference value is equal to or larger than the first threshold value, then perform first clutter filtering upon the plurality of ultrasound data, or if the power difference value is less than the first threshold value, then perform second clutter filtering upon the plurality of ultrasound data.

Abstract: Mechanical oscillators employ the use of resonance parameters, frequency and the quality factor Q, for the measurement of corrosion or deposition. The ability of a mechanical oscillator to measure small amounts of metal loss or deposition is not only dependent upon the mechanical design but is limited by the precision in determining the resonance frequency and Q. Methods for measuring these resonance parameters with a high precision in the presence of noise are provided. The increased degree of precision improves the utility of these devices as sensitive probes for corrosion and deposition (fouling) measurement. The increased degree of precision is enabled in part by employing curve fitting consistent with modeling the mechanical oscillator as a simple harmonic oscillator. This curve fitting procedure, combined with averaging and utilizing signal processing parameters to mitigate noise effects, adds precision in measuring resonance parameters.

Abstract: A system for reducing noise in a sensor measurement system includes a noise detector for detecting noise in capacitive to digital conversion measurements; a noise correction module operably coupled to the noise detector and configured to dynamically modify one or more delays associated with a sampling waveform; and a noise filter for filtering the sampling waveform.

Abstract: An adaptive distortion reduction system comprising: an input interface to receive a distorted signal comprising a distorted component and an undistorted component, the distorted component being at least in part attributed to an exogenous signal; and an adaptive distortion reduction module coupled to the input interface, to perform linearization based at least in part on the distorted signal and information associated with the exogenous signal, to obtain a corrected signal that is substantially similar to the undistorted component; wherein the adaptive self-linearization module includes: a first digital signal processor (DSP) that is adapted to obtain a filter transfer function that approximates a transfer function to be corrected; and a second DSP that is configured using configuration parameters of the first DSP.

Abstract: In the method of these teachings for detection of physical phenomena from or analysis of physical signals, an improved Empirical Mode Decomposition method decomposes physical signals representative of a physical phenomenon into components.

Abstract: A method for analyzing the output of a rotary sensor, such as that coupled to a vehicle wheel assembly. In one embodiment, the method detects periodic irregularities in the output of an incremental rotary sensor and uses those irregularities with a reference signal and a pattern comparison technique to determine the absolute angular position of the sensor.

Abstract: A system for estimating a baseline of a signal exhibits a signal generator and a processor. The signal generator is configured to generate a signal exhibiting a plurality of peaks and a baseline. The processor is configured to perform operations including determining an estimator indicating at least one region of the signal that exhibits a peak, determining a weight indicating at least one region of the signal that does not exhibit a peak based on the estimator, and estimating the baseline of the signal based on at least the determined weight.

Abstract: A system and method of signal detection from a given point, in which a radiative aperture, such as a sonar sensor, radar antenna, acoustic sensor, or the like, receives radiation from the point at more than one range. At each range, the signal incident on each point within the aperture is weighted by the cosine of the angle between a surface normal at the point on the aperture, and a vector from the point on the aperture to the given point. The physical size and shape of the aperture may also be changed to cause the aperture to subtend the same solid angle having the given point as the vertex, at each range. In this manner, the signal from the given point becomes aperture shape independent, facilitating object recognition and imaging.

Abstract: A color value for an optical fiber of a fiberscope can be generated on the basis of the intensity values of a plurality of sensor elements of a sensor element arrangement that are sensitive to one spectral region each from a set of sensor spectral regions, if calibration values are provided for each of the spectral regions associated with the optical fiber. The intensity values of all sensor elements of the respective spectral region that are illuminated by the light guide can be combined with the provided calibration values, in order to obtain the color value associated with the optical fiber, which reproduces the color of the light transported by the optical fiber.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for bounding accuracy on a forecast of photovoltaic fleet power generation is provided. Measured irradiance observations for a plurality of locations are retrieved. The measured observations include a time series recorded at successive time periods. Forecast irradiance observations are retrieved. Error between the forecast and the measured observations is identified. A mean and standard deviation of the error is determined and combined into a fleet mean and fleet standard deviation. Sky clearness indexes are generated as a ratio of each measured observation and clear sky irradiance. A time series of the sky clearness indexes is formed. Fleet irradiance statistics are determined through statistical evaluation of the sky clearness indexes time series. A time series of power statistics is generated as a function of the fleet irradiance statistics and photovoltaic fleet power rating. A statistical confidence is associated with each power statistic in the time series.

Abstract: The computer implemented method, system or computer program product comprises collecting magnetometer data from the device; and calculating a center of a shape of the magnetometer data as a result of minimization. The minimization of calculating the center of the shape further comprises calculating a plurality of running sums of the magnetometer data; storing the plurality of running sums; storing a count of the number of terms in each of the running sums; and calculating the center of the shape and setting the estimated magnetometer bias to the center of the shape. The radius of the sphere is calculated to ensure accuracy in the estimator of the magnetometer bias.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for reducing signal noise and generating features includes the steps of receiving a discrete signal, transforming the discrete signal, using a processor, into a non-linear feature space, classifying the non-linear feature space, using the processor, into a set of non-linear feature sub-spaces, and performing a mathematical operation, using the processor, on the non-linear feature space and the set of non-linear feature sub-spaces, to produce an output feature set.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of chemical analysis entail acquiring a chromatogram, median filtering the chromatogram to produce a model baseline, smoothing the model baseline to reduce noise, and subtracting the smoothed model baseline from the acquired chromatogram to produce a modified chromatogram having a substantially flat baseline.

Abstract: Singular spectrum analysis is used to detect a feature from mass spectrometry data. A plurality of scans of a sample is performed producing mass spectrometry data using a spectrometer. A singular spectrum analysis is performed on the mass spectrometry data using a fixed window width in which one or more components other than the highest ranked component are grouped in a set and the one or more components grouped in the set are summed producing reconstructed data using the processor. A feature of the mass spectrometry data is detected by analyzing an aspect of the reconstructed data using the processor. Analyzing an aspect of the reconstructed data includes using pairs of zero crossings in the reconstructed data to detect bounds on a location of the feature in the mass spectrometry data.

Abstract: The invention is a detection system that provides for background removal from a field of view (FOV) of spectra. A panoramic field of regard may be partitioned into a large number of FOV's. An FOV may include spectra including that of a target substance. Such detection may require removing the spectra other than that of the target. This may amount to removal of the background with an estimated background developed from spectra of one or more FOV's which may be similar to the background of the FOV with the target. An estimation of the background may be a sum of a number of FOV spectra where each spectrum is assigned a weight, the total amount of the weights being one.

Abstract: A clock timing signal derived from a clock timing source is converted into samples obtained at a plurality of sample times, each sample representing an amplitude of a clock timing signal at a corresponding sample time. A time-domain histogram of deterministic jitter (DJ) is derived from a plurality of the samples. A set of measurement-based data that is not derived from the samples is also received, from which a time-domain histogram of random jitter (RJ) is derived. A jitter measurement is determined by convolving the time-domain histograms of DJ and RJ. Tangible non-transitory computer-readable storage devices can contain instructions that when carried out on processor(s) carry out the above process An apparatus has a clock sampling unit and a signal analyzer to derive the measure of jitter. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.