Abstract: A method for analysing blade displacements detected by circumferentially-spaced stationary timing probes associated with a rotating blade assembly, the displacements corresponding to times at which the blades pass the probes.

Abstract: Implementations for estimating a resource usage of data-filtering program and dynamically installing the filtering programs in a sensor-based data filtering systems are generally disclosed.

Abstract: A system for compensating electromagnetic interfering fields is provided that includes two triaxial magnetic field sensors for outputting real sensor signals; six compensation coils, which are arranged as a cage around an object to be protected, and may individually be actuated; a control unit having six inputs, and six outputs, and a digital processor receiving the sensor signals on the input side, and processing the signals to control signals for the compensation coils. The real sensor signals are converted to virtual sensor signals by a first matrix multiplication for mapping the interfering fields at the location of the object. The virtual sensor signals are made to modified signals by an operator describing the controller structure. The modified signals are converted to real control signals by a second matrix multiplication, which control signals are individually fed to the six compensation coils.

Abstract: An electromagnetic localization signal may be sensed by an electromagnetic field sensor in an in-vivo device with an electromagnetic field interference that is superimposed on the electromagnetic localization signal. The electromagnetic field interference may be filtered by outputting, by the electromagnetic field sensor, an alternating signal that represents, or in response to, the electromagnetic localization signal; sampling a first (e.g., positive) portion of the alternating signal during a first sampling window or period to obtain a first set of samples, sampling a second (e.g., negative) portion of the alternating signal during a second sampling window or period to obtain a second set of samples; and calculating a number, NR, from the first and second sets of samples, that approximately represents a substantially interference free electromagnetic localization signal.

Abstract: A signal processing method includes inputting a digital signal, providing a plurality of coefficients; and determining an output. The output is approximately equal to an aggregate of a plurality of linear reference components, and each of the linear reference components is approximately equal to an aggregate of a corresponding set of digital signal samples that is scaled by the plurality of coefficients.

Abstract: A method for digital processing of vibration signals from rolling bearings in rotating machines is presented, allowing subsequent fault detection with high reliability. A linear, adaptive filter is applied to the acquired vibration signal and iteratively tuned to increase the statistical asymmetry of its output. In this process, the filter removes phase- and amplitude distortion from underlying fault impulses. Furthermore, suppression of sinusoidal disturbances is simultaneously achieved with high robustness to measurement noise. The result is a processed signal from which rolling bearing defects are more easily detected.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for estimating photovoltaic power generation for use in photovoltaic fleet operation is provided. A set of sky clearness indexes is generated as a ratio of each irradiance observation in a set of irradiance observations that has been regularly measured for a plurality of locations, which are each within a geographic region suitable for operation of a photovoltaic fleet, and clear sky irradiance. A time series of the set of the sky clearness indexes is formed for all of the locations within the geographic region. Fleet irradiance statistics for the photovoltaic fleet are generated through statistical evaluation of the time series of the set of the sky clearness indexes. Power statistics for the photovoltaic fleet are built as a function of the fleet irradiance statistics and an overall power rating of the photovoltaic fleet.

Abstract: An oscilloscope probe calibrating system for a single terminal probe and a differential probe includes an oscilloscope, a main branch module, a sub-branch module, and a resistor. The oscilloscope includes multiple inputs for receiving signals from the single terminal probe and the differential probe, an output for outputting an original calibration signal, and a display module displaying the waveforms of the original calibration signal and the signals from the single terminal probe and the differential probe. The main branch module converts the original calibration signals to a number of first calibration signals. The sub-branch module converts the first calibration signals to a number of second calibration signals. The sub-branch module includes a single terminal sub-branch module and a differential sub-branch module coupled to the main branch module. One end of the resistor is connected between the main branch module and the differential sub-branch module, and the other end is grounded.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for correlating satellite imagery for use in photovoltaic fleet output estimation is provided. Pixels in satellite imagery data of overhead sky clearness is correlated to a bounded area within a geographic region. Each pixel represents collective irradiance that is converted into point clearness indexes for the points within the bounded area relative to clear sky irradiance. The point clearness indexes in the point clearness indexes are averaged for the points within the bounded area into an area clearness index. A variance of the area clearness index is determined in proportion to a physical area covered by each pixel. For each point, a variance of the point clearness index is determined as a ratio of the area clearness index variance and the physical area relative to the point clearness index, regional cloud speed, and a time interval relating to a time resolution of collective irradiance observation.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for correlating overhead sky clearness for use in photovoltaic fleet output estimation is provided. A temporal distance that includes a physical distance between two locations, which are each within a geographic region suitable for operation of a photovoltaic fleet, is determined in proportion to cloud speed within the geographic region. A set of input sky clearness indexes is generated as a ratio of each irradiance observation in a set of irradiance observations that has been regularly measured for one of the locations within the geographic region, and clear sky irradiance. A clearness index correlation coefficient between the two locations is determined as an empirically-derived function of the temporal distance. The set of input sky clearness indexes is weighted by the clearness index correlation coefficient to form a set of output sky clearness indexes, which indicates the sky clearness for the other of the locations.

Abstract: A radiation measuring device includes a computing unit that receives an input of a count value of a count portion configured to receive an input of a digital pulse from a pulse height discriminator and count the digital pulse in a fixed cycle and an integrated value of an adder-subtractor accumulation portion configured to add the digital pulse and subtract a feedback pulse and finds a first current rate on the basis of the count value and the integrated value and a second count rate on the basis of the integrated value, so that soundness of the adder-subtractor accumulation portion is diagnosed and outputted by comparing the first count rate with the second count rate. A radiation measuring device of a simple configuration and a diagnosis method thereof enabling a high-accurate self-diagnosis online on the count rate measurement that is the keystone of the radiation measurement can be thus obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus and method relating to screening radioactive waste are disclosed for ensuring that at least one calculated parameter for the measurement data of a sample falls within a range between an upper limit and a lower limit prior to the sample being packaged for disposal. The apparatus includes a radiation detector configured for detecting radioactivity and radionuclide content of the of the sample of radioactive waste and generating measurement data in response thereto, and a collimator including at least one aperture to direct a field of view of the radiation detector. The method includes measuring a radioactive content of a sample, and calculating one or more parameters from the radioactive content of the sample.

Abstract: A method and a device are described for determining the rotational direction and/or rotational speed of a rotatable body on the basis of a sine signal and cosine signal, which is assignable to the rotational direction and/or rotational speed of the rotatable body and are output by a sensor, having at least one of the following steps: recording a sine signal and cosine signal, which is assignable to the rotational direction and/or rotational speed, at a point in time; determining a phase value from the sine signal and cosine signal; recording sine signals and cosine signals, which is assignable to the rotational direction and/or rotational speed, at points in time; determining phase values from the corresponding sine signals and cosine signals; calculating phase differences from the phase values and the phase value; and determining the rotational direction and/or rotational speed from the phase differences on the basis of a Vernier method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an iterative method and an apparatus for distribution-independent detection of intermediate outliers and outliers in the distribution tail of streamed data. A considerable sequence of streamed data is sequentially read and subsequently assigned to matching bins. The bins are adaptively allocated when, where and if they are needed. Each bin range expands concurrently with the distribution range of the accumulating items assigned to the bin, adding a margin. For every N'th read item, overlapping or adjoining bins are merged, whereupon the bins are assessed for insider preclusion. Information regarding outliers is extracted from the remaining outlier bins when the entire data sequence has been processed.

Abstract: A method for dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) assessment includes acquiring a blood pressure (BP) signal having a first oscillatory pattern from a first individual, acquiring a blood flow velocity (BFV) signal having a second oscillatory pattern from the first individual, decomposing the BP signal into a first group of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), decomposing the BFV signal into a second group of IMFs, determining dominant oscillatory frequencies in the first group of IMFs, automatically selecting a first characteristic IMF from the first group of IMFs that has its associated dominant oscillatory frequency in a predetermined frequency range, automatically selecting a second characteristic IMF from the second group of IMFs, calculating a time sequence of instantaneous phase difference between the first characteristic IMF and the second characteristic IMF, computing an average of the instantaneous phase difference in the time sequence, and identifying a pathological condition in the first individual.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for predicting the service life of a metallic structure subjected to cyclic loading. Such structures experience fatigue, which can lead to failure after a number of loading cycles. The disclosed invention allows for an accurate prediction of the number of cycles to failure for a metallic structure by observing the slope of the rise in surface temperature of the structure after the cyclic loading has begun. The method of this invention provides early and accurate predictions of service life and does not require destructive testing. The method and apparatus of the present invention may be installed on working equipment, thus providing service life predictions for materials in real world use. The invention uses an empirically derived relationship that was confirmed using analytical relationships and material properties. The derived formula uses two constants that may be determined empirically using a disclosed process. The constants also may be estimated mathematically.

Abstract: This invention describes a means to monitor the deposition of a rugate filter such that the deposited filter will have the specified bandwidth, angular shift properties, and the correct wavelength of the reflectance peak.

Abstract: Time-course data that has been obtained by measuring, in time series, a change in the density of a sample material by a color reaction thereof is input. A regression curve generation unit generates a regression curve that approximates the time-course data. A standard deviation obtainment unit obtains the value of a standard deviation representing the distribution of the approximation error of the regression curve with respect to the time-course data. A standard deviation comparison judgment unit compares the value of the standard deviation and a predetermined threshold value that is stored in a standard deviation storage unit with each other. When the value of the standard deviation is greater than the threshold value, the standard deviation comparison judgment unit judges that a position shift of the sample material with respect to a sample table is present and outputs the result of the judgment.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for efficiently performing area-to-point conversion of satellite imagery for photovoltaic power generation fleet output estimation is provided. Satellite imagery data of overhead sky clearness for a geographic region is accessed. Pixels within the satellite imagery data corresponding to a bounded area are identified. Each pixel represents collective irradiance within the bounded area. An area clearness index for the bounded area is set as an average of point clearness indexes derived from the collective irradiance for each point. A variance of the area clearness index is expressed as an average of the variance of the point clearness indexes. The variance of the area clearness index is proportioned to an area metric corresponding to each pixel's physical coverage area. A variance of the point clearness index is determined for one point as a ratio of the variance of the area clearness index and each pixel's physical coverage.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for determining point-to-point correlation of sky clearness for photovoltaic power generation fleet output estimation is provided. A physical distance between two points is obtained, each point being suitable for operation of a photovoltaic station. A temporal distance that includes the physical distance between the two points in proportion to cloud speed is determined. A correlation between sky clearness over the two points is evaluated as an empirically-derived exponential function of the temporal distance. A set of input clearness indexes for one of the points is correlated into a set of output clearness indexes indicating the sky clearness for the other of the points using a coefficient of the clearness index correlation.

Abstract: A computer-implemented system and method for estimating power data for a photovoltaic power generation fleet is provided. Solar irradiance data is assembled for locations representative of a geographic region. The data includes a time series of solar irradiance observations electronically recorded at successive time periods spaced at input time intervals. Each observation includes measured irradiance. The data in the time series is converted over each time period into clearness indexes relative to clear sky global horizontal irradiance and the clearness indexes are interpreted as irradiance statistics. Each location's irradiance statistics are combined into fleet irradiance statistics applicable over the geographic region. Fleet power statistics are built as a function of the fleet irradiance statistics and the fleet's power rating.

Abstract: A method for detecting sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) includes acquiring a time sequence of a physiological signal from an individual, wherein the time sequence of the physiological signal includes a oscillatory pattern, computing an oscillatory interval signal using the time sequence of the physiological signal, decomposing the oscillatory interval signal into a plurality of ensemble empirical modes, selecting one of the plurality of ensemble empirical modes, calculating at least one of average amplitude or standard deviation of the instantaneous frequency in the selected ensemble empirical mode; and identifying SDB using at least one of the average amplitude or the standard deviation of the instantaneous frequency.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for reducing noise in an original signal which contains a linear time varying signal and the noise, the original signal is differentiated to obtain a differentiated original signal. The differentiated original signal is Fourier transformed to obtain power spectral densities of the differentiated original signal. A noise frequency is detected in a power spectral density spectrum of the obtained power spectral densities of the differentiated original signal. For the noise frequency, a corresponding noise component is determined. The noise component is subtracted from the original signal to obtain a noise reduced original signal.

Abstract: A system for evaluating the metrological characteristics of a surface of a substrate, the system including an optical substrate measurement system, a data analyzing system for analyzing data in an evaluation area on the substrate, applying feature-specific filters to characterize the surface of the substrate, and produce surface-specific metrics for characterizing and quantifying a feature of interest, the surface-specific metrics including a range metric for quantifying maximum and minimum deviations in the evaluation area, a deviation metric for quantifying a point deviation having a largest magnitude in a set of point deviations, where the point deviations are an amount of deviation from a reference plane fit to the evaluation area, and a root mean square metric calculated from power spectral density.

Abstract: A device and method for dynamically determining an impedance of a network is disclosed. The device includes at least a processing system for measuring a network voltage and network current when said network is determined to be in a first state, measuring a network voltage when said network is determined to be in a second state, estimating said impedance value dependent upon said measured voltages and current, adapting said estimated impedance based on at least one prior impedance value and storing at least said adapted impedance.

Abstract: A method and a device for estimating a first value of a signal formed of a series of values corresponding either to the first value or to a second value equal to the opposite of the first value, where the signal can take values other than the first and second values due to noise.

Abstract: Tensor linear Laplacian discrimination for feature extraction is disclosed. One embodiment comprises generating a contextual distance based sample weight and class weight, calculating a within-class scatter using the at least one sample weight and a between-class scatter for multiple classes of data samples in a sample set using the class weight, performing a mode-k matrix unfolding on scatters and generating at least one orthogonal projection matrix.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and module for visualizing multivariate statistical measurements. A processing system receives multivariate statistical output data, such as scores or contributions from a multivariate statistical model and renders the multivariate statistical output data as a function of time as a color map on a display. Each multivariate statistical output data can be obtained at each time sample and rendered as a corresponding color patch on the display. The color, height and width of the corresponding color patch can be adjusted to correspond to the magnitude of the output data, the length of time of the time sample and the number of the output data. Normalized scores/contributions at each time sample can be rendered as a corresponding color patch on the display in response to said Q statistic exceeding said predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A spectroscopic analysis method in which spectral data of mixtures obtained from a plurality of points on a sample surface are resolved into component spectra and concentrations. A new alternating least squares multivariate curve resolution technique is presented which iteratively resolves the components. The technique starts from an initial estimate that the spectral values of a first component of the sample are all equal (an ‘empty model’), and resolves that component. Then successive further components are iteratively resolved, from initial ‘empty model’ estimates of those components and from previously resolved spectra. In the common case where the main component is present in nearly pure form in the data set, this empty modelling technique results in more accurate resolution of the components. This is due to the ability of the technique to resolve the pure spectra of minor components without modelling concentrations of the main component into them.

Abstract: An engine ECU executes a program that includes: calculating a median value and a standard deviation based on a calculated value based on the detected vibration of the engine; and subtracting a product of the standard deviation and a coefficient from the median value to calculate a magnitude of mechanical vibration specific to the engine. Knocking determination is carried out by comparing a knock magnitude calculated by dividing the magnitude value of the peak magnitude of the detected vibration of the engine by the magnitude of mechanical vibration specific to the engine with a predetermined determination value. Based on the knocking determination result, ignition timing of the engine is controlled.

Abstract: This disclosure describes signal processing techniques that can improve the performance of blind source separation (BSS) techniques. In particular, the described techniques propose pre-processing steps that can help to de-correlate the different signals from one another prior to execution of the BSS techniques. In addition, the described techniques also propose optional post-processing steps that can further de-correlate the different signals following execution of the BSS techniques. The techniques may be particularly useful for improving BSS performance with highly correlated audio signals, e.g., from two microphones that are in close spatial proximity to one another.

Abstract: A system for compensating electromagnetic interfering fields is provided that includes two triaxial magnetic field sensors for outputting real sensor signals; six compensation coils, which are arranged as a cage around an object to be protected, and may individually be actuated; a control unit having six inputs, and six outputs, and a digital processor receiving the sensor signals on the input side, and processing the signals to control signals for the compensation coils. The real sensor signals are converted to virtual sensor signals by a first matrix multiplication for mapping the interfering fields at the location of the object. The virtual sensor signals are made to modified signals by an operator describing the controller structure. The modified signals are converted to real control signals by a second matrix multiplication, which control signals are individually fed to the six compensation coils.

Abstract: A signal filtering technique is designed to remove the effects of a periodic, low-frequency noise signal from a signal of interest. A signal waveform is sampled at different points of a number of consecutive periodic noise signal cycles and the collected samples are averaged to produce a corrected signal. The number of consecutive cycles in which samples are taken and averaged is inversely related to the signal amplitude such that as the signal level decreases, the number of cycles examined increases. The technique is particularly applicable to periodic signals associated with the output of Hall effect sensors in an electrical metrology environment. Improved RMS calculations are obtained for filtering low-frequency random noise from Hall sensors by averaging samples at different points of a signal cycle to create a composite desired signal cycle to facilitate other signal calculations.

Abstract: An apparatus, computer program product and method of analyzing complex signals. Independent versions are generated for the complex signal, e.g., by adding multiple instances of white noise. Intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are extracted from each of the independent versions, e.g., using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Corresponding IMFs from each independent version are combined into Ensemble IMFs (EIMFs), e.g., taking the mean of the corresponding IMFs.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling a sensor to sense one target from a plurality of targets includes predicting states of the targets. A set of probability distributions is generated. Each probability distribution in the set represents a setting or settings of at least one control parameter of the sensor. An expected information gain value for each control parameter in the set is calculated. The information gain value represents an expected quality of a measurement of one of the targets taken by the sensor if controlled according to the control parameter, based on the predicted state of the target. Updating the set of probability distributions takes place to identify the sensor control parameters that maximise the expected information gain value. The sensor is then controlled in accordance with the maximising control parameters.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of signal processing is provided. The method includes generating one or more masking signals based upon a computed Fourier transform of a received signal. The method further includes determining one or more intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of the received signal by performing a masking-signal-based empirical mode decomposition (EMD) using the at least one masking signal.

Abstract: In a motor controller, in the case that occurrence of a failure of electric current flow is detected in any phase of a motor, a phase electric current command value changing in accordance with a secant curve or a cosecant curve with an asymptotic line at a predetermined rotation angle corresponding to the phase in which the failure of electric current flow has occurred is calculated. The calculated phase electric current command value is limited in such a manner as to become within a predetermined range. In the case that a rotation angle of the motor exists in a range in which the phase electric current command value is limited, the execution of an anomaly detection of a control system utilizing an electric current deviation of a d/q coordinate system is inhibited.

Abstract: Real time performance comparison involves identifying predefined route data corresponding to a route. Measured locations are detected while a user traverses the route carrying a mobile device. The measured locations are sent via a network synchronously with the detection of the respective measured locations. Comparative data points are derived based on the predefined route data and the measured locations in response to receiving the measured locations. The comparative data points are sent, via the network, in response to measured locations. The comparative data points allow the user to measure relative performance during the route traversal.

Abstract: A method for efficiently extracting a variation distribution of a characteristic for a semiconductor integrated circuit. The method extracts a characteristic distribution of a semiconductor integrated circuit by performing a mathematical analysis using a polynomial expression based on a variation distribution of a process sensitivity parameter.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for validating signals to determine sizes and velocities of spherical objects are described. Light is scattered from a spherical object to form an interference fringe pattern. Portions of the interference fringe pattern are received by photodetectors. In response, the photodetectors generate time varying electrical signals. At least one of the time varying signals is partitioned into timing segments. The timing segments are processed to determine one or more timing parameters. A timing parameter consistency between at least two of the timing segments is verified. At least one of the time varying signals is validated based on the timing parameter consistency. The time varying electrical signal is accepted if a timing parameter difference is less or equal to a predetermined timing parameter error threshold. The time varying electrical signal is rejected if the timing parameter difference is larger than the predetermined timing parameter error threshold.

Abstract: Improved optical characterization is provided by organizing the optical modeling calculations such that incident radiation parameters (e.g., wavelength) are varied in the outermost loop of any modeling run. By completing calculations for all combinations of structure parameters at one wavelength before moving to the next wavelength, calculation efficiency can be greatly improved. In particular, with this approach it is not necessary to cache (or re-compute) intermediate results pertaining to different wavelengths, in contrast to conventional approaches. Further improvements in efficiency can be obtained by organizing reflectance calculations such that for any layer Ll, stored intermediate results pertaining to layers below Ll can be used to calculate optical response as parameters for Ll and layers above Ll are varied.

Abstract: Confidence scoring entails receipt of a predicted property value for a given property, where the predicted property value is determined based upon application of a property value prediction model. A set of values corresponding to input factors is determined for the property value prediction model, and model parameters are estimated based upon those values. A confidence score for the predicted property value is then calculated using a confidence scoring model and the model parameters. The confidence score is preferably provided as an accuracy probability. This may further be in the form of a probability that the predicted property value has an error within a specified range, such as a specified range expressed in terms of a percentage error.

Abstract: The invention relates to the control and regulation of a vibration isolation system with a number of vibration signal transducers for providing analogue sensor signals and a number of actuators for suppressing vibrations by processing the sensor signals to form actuator actuation signals for driving the actuators. One object of the invention is to demonstrate a way which enables high-quality parameterizability and regulating performance over a considerably wider frequency bandwidth of a vibration isolation system to be regulated. The invention proposes digitizing some of the sensor signals provided and processing them to form digital actuator actuation signals and processing other sensor signals provided in an analogue manner to form analogue actuator actuation signals and combining the digital actuator actuation signals and the analogue actuator actuation signals to form common actuator actuation signals which are supplied to the actuators in order to drive them.

Abstract: A method and system for user authentication and identity theft protection. A typing typeprint is used to validate users for access to a computer system. The typeprint may also include a watermark, a timestamp, or voice stamp for further security. The method and system provide multi-modal biometric protection by supplementing keystroke-scan methods and systems with fingerprint, voice-scan, signature-scan and mouse-scan verification. The authentication program may be built into a keyboard.

Abstract: A measuring device is disclosed for capacitive pressure and/or temperature measurement, particularly for tire pressure control systems, having at least one sensor, which has a capacitive measuring element to detect a state value, which is applied at an output-side measuring node of the measuring element, with at least one A/D converter operating according to the dual-slope method, with a charging/discharging circuit, for mutual charging and discharging of the measuring element and for generating a sawtooth-shaped measuring potential at the measuring node as a measure for the capacitance of the measuring element, with a period counter, which determines the periods of the measuring potential, and with a clock counter, which determines the cycles of a clock signal, which lie within the duration of at least one period of the measuring potential. The invention relates to a measuring method for capacitive pressure and/or temperature measurement.

Abstract: A noise-component removing method for removing a noise component from multipoint spectral data that has been generated through measurements performed at measurement points of a sample surface, the method comprising: a PLS analysis step of determining components of the multipoint spectral data for each measurement point in a descending order of eigenvalues of the components by subjecting the multipoint spectral data to multivariate analysis based on the partial least squares regression using a value obtained by quantifying characteristic information about a characteristic of each measurement point, other than spectral information of the measurement point and using the spectral information as an independent variable in the partial least squares regression; and a spectrum reconstruction step of reconstructing the multipoint spectral data for each measurement point to eliminate a component having an eigenvalue lower than a predetermined value, from the components determined in the PLS analysis step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for identifying exceptional behavior of a hardware or software component. According to one embodiment, the system comprises an operational metric calculator that is operative to sample a first behavior of an operational metric and a second behavior of the operational metric. The operational metric may be any metric that quantifies the operation of a hardware or software component, as well as combinations thereof. A baseline threshold calculator is operative to calculate a baseline threshold on the basis of the first sampled behavior of the operational metric. The baseline threshold is applied by a baseline threshold analyzer to the second operational metric to generate an alarm when the second sampled behavior of the operational metric deviates from the baseline threshold.

Abstract: A frequency domain transforming section transforms mixed signals observed by multiple sensors into mixed signals in the frequency domain, a complex vector generating section generates a complex vector by using the frequency-domain mixed signals, a normalizing section generates a normalized vector excluding frequency dependence of the complex vector, and a clustering section clusters the normalized vectors to generate clusters. Then, a separated signal generating section generates separated signals in the frequency domain by using information about the clusters and a time domain transforming section transforms the separated signals in the frequency domain into separated signals in the time domain.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to a system and method for regression tests of graphical user interfaces. In one embodiment, a testing system receives the actual state and the target of a GUI under test. The testing system computes the difference between the actual state and the target state based, at least in part, on a weighting function. The computed difference is compared to a threshold value. In an embodiment, if the difference is within the threshold, then the system indicates that the GUI is valid.

Abstract: A method of measuring Raman signals comprises: an analyte placing step of placing an analyte on a detection surface of a microstructure plate which generates an enhanced electric field when irradiated with excitation light; an irradiating step of irradiating the detection surface with the excitation light so that the enhanced electric field is generated around the detection surface and light is emitted from the analyte and the detection surface to be enhanced by the generated enhanced electric field; a Raman signal obtaining step of detecting the enhanced light to obtain a Raman signal emitted from the analyte and a background signal for use as a reference, the Raman signal and the background signal having respective intensities; and a normalizing step of normalizing the Raman signal from the analyte by dividing the intensity of the Raman signal from the analyte by the intensity of the background signal obtained as the reference.