Abstract: A flow meter device comprises a flow measuring section (2) for measuring a flow of a fluid in a fluid passage through which the fluid is supplied to a fluid instrument in use; and a measurement data processing section (3) which calculates a slope of a change in a flow difference per unit time which change occurs with time, at a time point when a sign of the flow difference per unit time is inverted, based on the flow of the fluid measured by the flow measuring section, and determines whether or not the fluid instrument in use is a particular fluid instrument based on whether or not the slope falls within a predetermined range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas shutoff device that prevents tampering procurement of gas or tamper due to stealing of the gas shutoff device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a flow-estimation processor receives one or more flow-depth measurements with each flow-depth measurement having been taken at a respective time. The processor calculates a respective estimated flow rate for each of the times based on the corresponding flow-depth measurement and one or more flow-estimation parameters each set to a respective initial value. The processor outputs the estimated flow rates for presentation via a user interface, and receives via the user interface one or more updated values corresponding respectively to a flow-estimation parameter. The processor calculates an updated estimated flow rate for each of the one or more times, such that each respective updated estimated flow rate is calculated based on the received updated values. The processor then outputs the updated estimated flow rates for presentation via the user interface.

Abstract: A control and measurement system for a coriolis flowmeter having a flowtube, a driver adapted to vibrate the flowtube, and a pair of sensors adapted to generate signals indicative of movement of the flowtube when it is being vibrated by the driver, wherein the sensors are positioned relative to one another so the signals from the sensors are indicative of a mass flow rate of fluid through the flowtube. A digital drive signal generator is adapted to generate a variable digital drive signal for controlling operation of the driver. The digital drive signal generator can be adapted to cause the driver to resist motion of the flowtube during a first time period and amplify motion of the flowtube during a second time period. The digital drive signal generator can also be adapted to initiate motion of the flowtube by sending one or more square wave signals to the driver.

Abstract: In a flow meter device of the present invention, a time measuring section of the flow meter device includes a first counter which starts counting at a starting point of measurement of propagation time; and a second counter which starts counting at an end point of the measurement of the propagation time, and performs counting at a higher speed than the first counter. A propagation time TO is finally obtained by subtracting time ?t which is measured by the second counter and passes from the end point until the first counter counts up, from time T which is measured by the first counter and passes from a starting point until the first counter counts up after the end point. A flow calculating section calculates a flow with high accuracy using the propagation time TO. Thus, lower electric power consumption can be achieved, and accuracy of measurement of flow can be improved.

Abstract: Toilet management systems and methods are provided. In an example system, a central monitoring component compiles usage information from sensors stationed at multiple toilet units and compiles a report of usage patterns. The usage patterns are networked to potential users via a user interface available on a webpage or mobile communications device. The user interface recommends which candidate toilet unit to use based on longest time since last use and/or least number of occupants since last maintenance or cleaning. The user interface may display two visual dials defining, for each toilet unit, amount of time elapsed since last occupancy and number of occupants since last maintenance or cleaning, and other metrics via bar charts. The example system extends a reservation system for a potential user to reserve a toilet unit based on the recommendation or the usage patterns provided over the network.

Abstract: A diagnostic mechanism includes: a flow rate control part configured to control an opening degree of a flow rate control valve provided in a flow passage so that a measurement flow rate value outputted from a flow rate sensor becomes a target flow rate value; an inspection value output part configured to output an inspection value related to a time integral of the measurement flow rate value in a diagnostic period which is defined in correspondence with a part of a period from a time point of closing the flow passage upstream of the flow rate sensor to a time point of expiration of a state that the measurement flow rate value and the target flow rate value are substantially nearly equal; and a diagnosing part configured to compare the inspection value and a predetermined specified value to diagnose whether an abnormality relating to the flow rate sensor is present.

Abstract: A control and measurement system for a coriolis flowmeter having a flowtube, a driver adapted to vibrate the flowtube, and a pair of sensors adapted to generate signals indicative of movement of the flowtube when it is being vibrated by the driver, wherein the sensors are positioned relative to one another so the signals from the sensors are indicative of a mass flow rate of fluid through the flowtube. A digital drive signal generator is adapted to generate a variable digital drive signal for controlling operation of the driver. The digital drive signal generator can be adapted to cause the driver to resist motion of the flowtube during a first time period and amplify motion of the flowtube during a second time period. The digital drive signal generator can also be adapted to initiate motion of the flowtube by sending one or more square wave signals to the driver.

Abstract: Apparatus (300) and method for providing measurements relating to different phase components of a flowing fluid. The apparatus includes a device (306) configured to obtain, in use, at least one input (302, 304) representing a velocity of flowing fluid produced by at least one measuring device (302, 304) non-intrusively/externally mounted on a conduit (100) containing the flowing fluid. The apparatus also includes a device (306) configured to use the at least one velocity input to calculate (308) a total volumetric flow of the flowing fluid, and a device (306) configured to use the velocity input and the calculated total volumetric flow to compute (310, 312) at least one measurement relating to at least one phase component of the flowing fluid.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to, at the time of directly measuring a flow rate of exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust gas flow path and an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, and on the basis of the flow rate and air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, calculating fuel consumption, reduce a measurement error of the fuel consumption. Also, the invention is a fuel consumption calculation unit that, with use of an exhaust gas flow rate obtained by a flow rate sensor provided in an exhaust gas flow path through which exhaust gas of an engine flows, and an air-fuel ratio obtained by an air-fuel ratio sensor provided in the exhaust gas flow path, calculates fuel consumption of the engine, and on the basis of the air-fuel ratio obtained by the air-fuel ratio sensor, changes a value of exhaust gas density used for the calculation of the fuel consumption.

Abstract: A method for monitoring oscillation characteristics in a Coriolis, flow measuring device and to a correspondingly formed, Coriolis, flow measuring device in the case of which an excited oscillatory system is simulated with a digital model, which has at least one fittable parameter. The simulating includes, in such case, excitating the digital model in the same manner as the oscillatory system, calculating a simulation response variable of the simulated oscillations according to the digital model, and, performed over a plurality of signal modulations, iterative conforming of the at least one, fittable parameter in such a manner that the simulation response variable interatively approaches the response variable. Furthermore, it is ascertained whether a corresponding limit value is exceeded by the at least one, interatively ascertained parameter value for the at least one, fittable parameter or by at least one variable derived from the at least one, iteratively ascertained parameter value.

Abstract: A method for taking field measurements of a cone type fluid flow meter including a meter body and a cone-type fluid displacement member to determine when to calibrate or replace the fluid flow meter. The method includes taking measurements of dimensions of the fluid displacement member and the meter body, evaluating the dimension measurements and ascertaining whether the dimension measurements are within designated dimension limits. The present method saves significant time and costs by taking measurements in the field determining whether to calibrate or replace the fluid flow meter.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a motion detecting device is configured to detect whether one or more movement events have occurred. The motion detecting device can include: (a) a processing module configured to run on a computational unit; and (b) a sensing device having: (1) one or more pressure sensors configured to provide two or more pressure measurements; and (2) a transmitter electrically coupled to the one or more pressure sensors and configured to transmit the two or more pressure measurements to the computational unit. The processing module is configured to use the two or more pressure measurements to determine whether the one or more movement events have occurred. The sensing device can be configured to be placed in at least one of ductwork of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system or an air handler of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for equitable allocation of hydrocarbon component yields which uses the output of process modeling of the hydrocarbon processing system with the individual source streams commingled into a single inlet stream to create a differential value table which can be used to provide the allocation of output product to the individual source streams that are accountable for the individual component yield.

Abstract: A method and a system for monitoring the performance of combined sewer overflow structures is described. The inventive system includes sensors for monitoring the level of sewage in the structure and the operation of valves. A data processing unit collects data and calculates the flow of an overflow event and/or the performance of gate valves. The system may be battery operated and may adaptively change the sensor sampling time to prolong battery lifetime.

Abstract: A meter apparatus, a metering network, and a metering method thereof are provided. The meter apparatus includes a pulse generator, an optical sensor, a spinning disc, and a magnetic sensor. The pulse generator is configured to generate a number of pulses proportional to an amount of a consumed resource. The optical sensor is configured to detect the number of pulses to generate a first signal, and transmit the first signal to a meter reader. The spinning disc is configured to produce an amount of rotation proportional to the amount of the consumed resource. The magnetic sensor is configured to detect the amount of the rotation to generate a second signal, and transmit the second signal to the meter reader.

Abstract: A device for determining the mass flow of a fluid includes a line for conducting the fluid in a flow direction to a contact with a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has a surface temperature which is constant in the flow direction. The device also includes a first temperature measuring position upstream from the exchanger for determining a first fluid temperature, a second temperature measuring position downstream from the heat exchanger for determining a second fluid temperature, and a third temperature measuring position for detecting the surface temperature of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a model associated with production of natural gas from a well, where the well has a choke valve that controls flow of material including natural gas from the well. The method also includes identifying, using the model, a solution that increases an amount of natural gas obtained from the well over a specified time horizon. In addition, the method includes adjusting operation of the choke valve based on the identified solution. The model could be generated using geological data associated with the well and/or historical data associated with natural gas production from the well. A natural gas reservoir can be modeled as a continuous stirred bed with a rock or shale void fraction using mass or volumetric unit balances. Gas content versus pressure for the well can be plotted, and Langmuir adsorption parameters for the well can be identified using the plotted gas content versus pressure.

Abstract: A flow meter for monitoring fluid flow through a pipeline, the flow meter comprising a conduit having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet for communication with respective sections of the pipeline; a target element positioned inside the conduit between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the target element being mounted for resilient axial displacement under a pressure differential between the inlet and the outlet; an arm secured at an anchor point on one side of the conduit and extending radially across the conduit, the target element being coupled to the arm for applying a load to the arm, upon said axial displacement of the target element, so as to deflect the arm relative to the anchor point; a sensor arrangement for measuring deflection of the arm at a point on the opposite side of the applied load to the anchor point; and a processor configured for providing a signal representative of the steam flow through the conduit in response to said measured deflection.

Abstract: A mass flow controller (MFC), a method for calibrating an MFC, and a method for operating an MFC are disclosed. The MFC may include a valve that is adjustable between a closed position and an open position to control a flow rate of a fluid responsive to a control signal, a thermal mass flow sensor that provides an indication of the flow rate of the fluid, calibration data including data that relates the control signal to the flow rate of the fluid at a plurality of fluid flow rates, and a control system that provides, based upon the calibration data and run time data, an adjustable non-zero starting control signal to the valve when the valve is closed to more quickly respond to a set point signal.

Abstract: An apparatus, a closed-loop system and method for measuring the resistance of inhalation systems and/or devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A flow measuring device includes a flow rate detecting part, an analog/digital conversion part, and a signal processing part. The flow rate detecting part detects a flow rate of air flowing through the passage, and outputs a flow voltage signal, which is a voltage in accordance with the flow rate. The analog/digital conversion part converts the flow voltage signal from the flow rate detecting part into digital data, which is flow digital data. The signal processing part performs calculation processing upon the flow digital data, which includes averaging of a predetermined number of consecutive pieces of the flow digital data, and outputs the averaged flow digital data as a flow rate signal. The predetermined number is equal to or larger than two.

Abstract: An example water usage monitoring system includes at least one sensor communicating at least one parameter relating to water usage. At least one microcontroller represents a location with each microcontroller in communication with at least one of the sensors and having at least one input for selectively receiving said parameters, a counter, an accumulator that utilizes said counter and said parameters received from the at least one input for a discrete count to create a data packet in response to a change in at least one of said parameters, and a transmitter for wirelessly sending said data packet. The system also includes a data collection device configured to receive and combine at least one data packet from the at least one microcontroller into an information set. The data collection device is configured to transmit the information set. A storage device is configured receive the information set from the data collection device.

Abstract: A method of measuring a pumping amount of groundwater by using water level fluctuation, a water level measuring sensor including an arithmetic operation unit for calculating a pumping amount by using the method, and a computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining groundwater level data according to a measurement time by measuring fluctuation of a groundwater level for a predetermined period continually at time intervals; comparing groundwater level formed in a full pumping period including an initial stage a quasi-balance period, and a recovery period calculates a total time when pumping has been performed, by using a measurement time of the sorted data; and calculates a total pumping amount by using the total pumping time calculated.

Abstract: A device for measuring power consumption and performance relative to the environment of a power-consuming unit is disclosed. The device includes a data introduction module, a keyboard for inputting data of waste production in the power-consuming unit, a computing device, and a display screen. The computing device receives the data from the data introduction module and the keyboard. The computing device is also provided with a processor that includes a calculation algorithm of an ecological parameter indicative of the performance relative to the environment of the power-consuming unit. The ecological parameter is calculated as an adjusted mean of the sum of the deviations of each power consumption value with respect to a reference value.

Abstract: An approach is described for implementing an air tube button in a computing system. An associated apparatus may include an air tube having an aperture located on a panel of the computing system. The apparatus further may include an airflow sensor located in the air tube and a fan configured for facilitating airflow though the air tube. The airflow sensor may be an anemometer, an air pressure gauge, or a mass flow meter. The apparatus further may include a service processor subsystem connected to the airflow sensor. The service processor subsystem may be configured for implementing a virtual signal having a default logical high value. The service processor subsystem further may be configured for establishing a baseline value by determining average airflow detected by the airflow sensor over a unit of time and commencing sampling of the airflow sensor to obtain airflow values at uniform time intervals.

Abstract: A first apparent property of a multi-phase process fluid is determined based on the motion of the vibratable flowtube. One or more apparent intermediate values associated with the process fluid are determined based on the first apparent property. One or more corrected intermediate values are determined based on a mapping between the apparent intermediate values and the corrected intermediate values. One or more phase-specific properties of the multi-phase process fluid are determined based on the corrected intermediate values. A measure of wetness of the multi-phase process fluid is determined based on the one or more phase-specific properties that are determined based on the corrected intermediate values. A second apparent property of the multi-phase process fluid is determined using the differential pressure flowmeter. A phase-specific property of a phase of the multi-phase process fluid is determined based on the measure of wetness and the second apparent property.

Abstract: A control and measurement system for a coriolis flowmeter having a flowtube, a driver adapted to vibrate the flowtube, and a pair of sensors adapted to generate signals indicative of movement of the flowtube when it is being vibrated by the driver, wherein the sensors are positioned relative to one another so the signals from the sensors are indicative of a mass flow rate of fluid through the flowtube. A digital drive signal generator is adapted to generate a variable digital drive signal for controlling operation of the driver. The digital drive signal generator can be adapted to cause the driver to resist motion of the flowtube during a first time period and amplify motion of the flowtube during a second time period. The digital drive signal generator can also be adapted to initiate motion of the flowtube by sending one or more square wave signals to the driver.

Abstract: A predicting apparatus includes an obtaining unit and a predicting unit. The obtaining unit included in the predicting apparatus obtains actual measurements of data about a fan being rotated at a predetermined revolution frequency N [rpm]. The predicting apparatus then predicts data about the fan to be rotated at a revolution frequency N? that is different from the predetermined revolution frequency N based on the actual measurements of the data thus obtained.

Abstract: A sensing system and method. A coded wheel is configured to generate a signal that varies with rotation of the coded wheel. A sensor is configured to sense the varying signal and output a corresponding signal. A correction module is configured to receive the signal output by the sensor and compare the received signal to a stored signal and detect a defect in the coded wheel in response to the comparison.

Abstract: Techniques for determining one or more fluid flow characteristic values of a structure are disclosed. A fluid flow vector and a pressure gradient vector for a portion of the structure are determined, and a dot/cross product of the fluid flow vector with the pressure gradient vector is obtained to provide a fluid flow characteristic value. The fluid flow characteristic value can be used for modifying the structure to improve fluid flow through the structure.

Abstract: Methods and devices for testing medical pumps via tracking the travel of at least one of: the leading edge and the trailing edge of induced single or multiple bubble trajectories within a light-transmissive fluid flow conduit by a photo-detector output of a first photo-detector disposed on a controlled, translatable carriage and methods of synchronized corrections of fluid flow data estimates.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a rate of flow of an output from a vessel. The system includes a vessel having an inlet for receiving an output produced by an output generation device, and a measuring device for measuring a first pressure and a second pressure in the vessel. The first pressure is measured when the output generation device is in a standby mode and the second pressure is measured when the output generation device is in an operational mode. The system includes a programmable logic controller configured to calculate a rate of flow of the output utilizing the first pressure and the second pressure.

Abstract: A flow sensor assembly is provided and includes a flow conduit configured to impart a disturbance to a flow, multiple sensors disposed at respective sensing locations along the flow conduit. Each sensor is responsive to the disturbance of the flow and generates a corresponding response signal. The flow sensor assembly further includes a processor operably connected to each sensor, the processor being configured to compute a cross-correlation function between the response signals generated by said sensors, and determine a flow rate and a direction for the flow through the conduit based on the computed cross-correlation function. Additional flow sensor assembly arrangements are also disclosed.

Abstract: An air flow measurement device measures a flow amount of air. A flow sensor is configured to output a voltage value corresponding to a given flow amount of the air. A temperature sensor is configured to output temperature of the air. A correction coefficient memory portion is configured to store a correction coefficient for correcting the voltage value of the flow sensor to a corrected voltage value associated with the given flow amount based on a predetermined standard temperature. A relationship between the voltage value of the flow sensor and the flow amount of the air changes based on temperature of the air. A correction portion is configured to correct the output voltage value of the flow sensor to the corrected voltage value using the correction coefficient.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data processing system for use in a data center, the data center comprising a plurality of data processing systems. The data processing system comprises one or more sensors measuring air flow and temperature; computational flow dynamics software receiving input from said one or more sensors; and communication apparatus for communicating with others of said plurality of data processing systems. Also disclosed is a method of operating a data processing system for use in a data center, the data center comprising a plurality of data processing systems. The method comprises providing computational flow dynamics software to one or more of said data processing systems; providing communications apparatus to one or more of said data processing systems; the computational flow dynamics software receiving input from one or more sensors measuring air flow and temperature; and the communication apparatus communicating with others of said plurality of data processing systems.

Abstract: A gas flow detecting device of the present invention, comprises a gas flow obtaining unit, and a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to determine at second period intervals, whether or not the usage gas flow of a fuel cell system can be obtained, based on the gas flow obtained by the gas flow obtaining unit, and the control unit is configured to, when the control unit determines that the usage gas flow of the fuel cell system can be obtained, calculate a total usage gas flow of the fuel cell system, based on a change amount of the gas flow obtained by the gas flow obtaining unit, and a usage gas flow of the fuel cell system which is updated just before the determination, and the control unit is configured to, when the control unit determines that the usage gas flow of the fuel cell system cannot be obtained, deem the usage gas flow of the fuel cell system which is updated just before the determination, as the usage gas flow of the fuel cell system in a period in which the usage gas flow canno

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining at least one flow parameter of a fluid flowing within a pipe, which fluid contains particles entrained within the fluid flow is provided. The method includes the steps of: 1) determining a velocity of the fluid flow within the pipe; 2) sensing the impingement of particles on a surface wetted with the fluid flow, and producing a signal relating to the impingement; and 3) determining the at least one flow parameter of the fluid flow utilizing the determined fluid flow velocity and the sensor signal relating to impingement of the particles on the surface wetted with the fluid flow.

Abstract: A multi-phase process fluid is passed through a vibratable flowtube. Motion is induced in the vibratable flowtube. A first apparent property of the multi-phase process fluid based on the motion of the vibratable flowtube is determined, and an apparent intermediate value associated with the multi-phase process fluid based on the first apparent property is determined. A corrected intermediate value is determined based on a mapping between the intermediate value and the corrected intermediate value. A phase-specific property of a phase of the multi-phase process fluid is determined based on the corrected intermediate value.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one characteristic for the correction of measurements of a Coriolis mass flowmeter which is characterized by an increased accuracy and a low error rate while determining the characteristic is implemented by detecting values of a measurand during constant flow with the reading sensors, calculating at least one location parameter from the detected values, an calculating at least one dispersion parameter from the detected values and the location parameter. The detection of additional values and the calculation of the location parameter and dispersion parameter from the existing and additional values is carried out until the dispersion parameter reaches a threshold value, and then, the location parameter corresponding to the dispersion parameter is used as the characteristic for the correction of the reading of the Coriolis mass flowmeter.

Abstract: A first apparent property of a multi-phase process fluid is determined based on the motion of the vibratable flowtube. One or more apparent intermediate values associated with the multi-phase process fluid are determined based on the first apparent property. A measure of wetness of the multi-phase process fluid is determined based on a mapping between one or more of the apparent intermediate values and the measure of wetness. A second apparent property of the multi-phase process fluid is determined using the differential pressure flowmeter. One or more phase-specific properties of the multi-phase process fluid is determined based on the measure of wetness and the second apparent property.

Abstract: A thermal sub-system for a fuel cell system that employs an algorithm using feed-forward control. The algorithm calculates a Reynolds number based on the velocity of the cooling fluid, a diameter of a coolant loop pipe and a kinematic viscosity (temperature) of a cooling fluid. The algorithm also uses a pressure loss number based on the Reynolds number and a position of a by-pass valve. The algorithm also defines a pressure loss value based on the pressure loss number, the density of the cooling fluid and the velocity of the cooling fluid. The algorithm then calculates a delivery head value based on the pressure loss value, the fluid density and a gravitational acceleration. The algorithm then uses the delivery head value and a predetermined set-point value of the volume flow to determine a desired pump speed based on the current operating parameters of the system.

Abstract: A method measures a hybrid flow rate (Q) of a fluid using simultaneously at least two measuring technologies and a reference measurement, the method includes a hybrid value, wherein the measurements of the at least two measuring technologies are combined according to a given rule to get the hybrid value by performing a linear or non-linear interpolation within a given interval of the reference measurement.

Abstract: A flow measurement device includes a first sensor device that responds to stimulus from fluid medium flowing through a measurement section by registering a measure representing a physical characteristic, a processor, and a data storage including a look-up table containing a first collection of values representing a first value of flow of a first fluid or a first value of flow of a second fluid, and a second look-up table containing a second collection of the values representing a second value of the flow of the first fluid or a second value of the flow of the second fluid, the processor receiving the measures registered during a measurement time interval and estimating a flow pattern of the fluid medium during the measurement interval where the flow pattern describes how the first and second fluids are distributed in the measurement section over the measurement time interval.

Abstract: A process fluid flow device includes a power supply module, a process communication module, a processor and measurement circuitry. The process communication circuitry is coupled to the power supply module and to the processor. The measurement circuitry is operably coupleable to plurality of process variable sensors to obtain an indication of differential pressure, static pressure and process fluid temperature. The processor is configured to compute process fluid mass flow, and to use the static pressure and process fluid temperature to obtain an energy per unit mass value relative to the process fluid and to provide an energy flow indication.

Abstract: A water purifier determining an appropriate discarded water quantity includes: a purified water supply; an integrated flow quantity measuring part; and a control and calculation part. The control and calculation part is configured to determine whether purified water is unsuitable for use based upon the integrated flow quantity measured for a period of time from when the supply is started. A value of water quantity Qti at the Nth time is determined based on a length of time from when the purified water supply stops the supply at the (N?1)th time up to when the purified water supply starts the supply at the the Nth time; and a difference between a quantity of water measured for a period of time from when the supply at the (N?1)th time is started to when the supply at the (N?1)th time is stopped and a value of Qti at the (N?1)th time.

Abstract: A method for processing a signal from a flow meter for measuring a gas flow in an internal combustion engine includes processing the signal according to a first logic when the engine operates in a first intake mode and processing the signal according to a second logic when the engine operates in a second intake mode. The first intake mode includes the activation of a high-pressure EGR valve. The second intake mode includes the activation of a low-pressure EGR valve.

Abstract: If determination is erroneous in appliance determination according to the instantaneous flow rate output from a flow rate measurement unit, a flow rate measurement apparatus registers it as an unknown appliance, rechecks the flow rate of the unknown appliance, and makes it possible to enhance the accuracy of the appliance determination. The apparatus has a flow rate measurement unit 3, a flow rate information storage unit 8 for storing the flow rate value of the flow rate measurement unit 3, a computation unit 6 for finding a difference value between the flow rate values output from the flow rate measurement unit 3, an appliance registration storage unit 7, an appliance determination unit 9 for determining an appliance, and an unknown appliance registration unit 10 for registering information according to which the appliance cannot be determined.

Abstract: Seed meters, agricultural planters, and methods of planting seed are provided. Such meters, planters, and methods may include a housing defining a chamber, a seed disc rotatably coupled to the housing and at least partially positioned within the chamber with the seed disc adapted to engage a seed, and a sensor for detecting a characteristic of the seed after the seed disengages the seed disc and before the seed exits the seed meter. The sensor may be coupled to a seed chute of the seed meter and may detect a wide variety of seed characteristics such as seed position within the seed chute, seed size, and seed shape. The seed characteristic may be used to adjust operation of the seed meters, agricultural planters, and methods. In some instances, the adjustment may be manual. In other instances, the adjustment may be automatic.

Abstract: A method for estimating a location of a leak (x) in a pipe (1). A liquid of a known density is fed into the pipe at a first inlet pressure (P1). When the liquid achieves a substantially steady flow rate, the flow rate passing into the pipeline is recorded. This step is repeated at a second, different, inlet pressure (P2). Using this data, an estimate of the leak location (x) and the area of the leak is calculated by simultaneously solving an expression which is based on relating the frictional energy losses of the liquid travelling through the pipeline (1) to the pressure in the pipeline at the leak (Pleak) and the flow rate of liquid from the leak.