Abstract: The invention relates to a system for and method of determining a model for estimating battery properties in a hybrid or electrical drive system (900) for a vehicle (902), the method comprising: providing (51) a function approximator estimating a battery property as a function of two or more measured battery parameters; providing (52) a stream of measured battery parameter values as a function of time for a predetermined period to a predetermined battery cell model describing the relationship between the measured battery parameter and the battery property; determining (S3) a battery property value using the cell model based on a selected portion of the stream of measured battery parameter values; determining (S4) if a predetermined condition for the selected portion of the stream of measured battery parameter values is fulfilled; and if (S5) the predetermined condition is fulfilled, updating (S6) the function approximator based on the battery property value determined by the cell model.

Abstract: A predictive controller for a building energy system includes one or more processing circuits configured to obtain a constraint that defines a total electric load to be served by the building energy system at each time step of a time period as a summation of multiple source-specific energy components. The source-specific energy components include a first energy component indicating a first amount of energy to obtain from a first energy source during the time step and a second energy component indicating a second amount of energy to obtain from a second energy source during the time step. The one or more processing circuits are configured to perform a predictive control process subject to the constraint to determine values of the source-specific energy components at each time step of the time period and operate equipment of the building energy system using the values of the source-specific energy components.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments of the disclosure, a device obtains one or more System Configuration Description Language files regarding a power utility automation network. The device also obtains traffic data regarding traffic in the power utility automation network. The device trains, using the one or more System Configuration Description Language files and the traffic data, a behavioral model for the power utility automation network that models traffic in the power utility automation network. The device initiates use of the behavioral model in the power utility automation network to identify anomalous traffic behavior in the power utility automation network.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for an anomaly detection system for detecting and identifying anomalies in electrical devices based on an energy profile associated with the electrical devices. Energy profile data associated with electrical devices or components in a power network can be obtained using an energy meter. The energy profile data can be analyzed to determine one or more conditions of the electrical devices. An anomaly of the electrical devices can be determined based on the energy profile data and conditions. Further, a root cause of the anomaly can be determined.

Abstract: The available power surge capacity of a battery is detected. The available steady state regeneration energy capacity of the battery is also detected. The available battery generation power, available from an electric motor, is detected as well. The generation power available from the electric motor is applied to regenerate (or recharge) the battery based upon the available power surge capacity, and the available steady state capacity of the battery.

Abstract: An information processing device has a control unit that acquires information relating to a fluctuation of power consumed by an electrical product operating around a user, and that estimates a product consumed by the user and a consumption quantity of the product based on the information relating to the fluctuation in the power.

Abstract: A solar power generation system for providing a predetermined operating power level and predetermined operating voltage level requirement is provided. The system includes at least one solar-array panel. Each of the solar-array panels includes a multiplicity of PV solar sub cells. A preconfigured number of the PV solar sub cells are electrically connected in series to form a serial-unit or each forming an individual serial unit having just one PV solar sub cell. A preconfigured number of the serial units are electrically connected in series to form a string of serial-units. The PV solar sub cells are also connected in parallel to neighboring sub cells to form a crisscross matrix array that facilitates bypassing malfunctioning serial units, thereby improving the performance of the system. A PV solar sub cell is at least 50% smaller in area than a regular PV solar cell.

Abstract: A method of controlling of a polyphase power converter driven by an algorithm of the pulse width modulation type, in which a control parameter comprising a drive setpoint value or a pulse duration associated with a value of drive setpoint of at least one phase, situated in a non-linearity zone of a chart, is modified by modifying the value of said parameter so that it is in a linearity zone of the chart. The control parameter of each of the phases is modified in the same manner.

Abstract: A system for load identification in collaboration with a cloud end includes: a smart Internet of Things electricity meter module, used for matching extracted feature quantity data with a first load feature library of the smart Internet of Things electricity meter module, and determining load feature data corresponding to unmatched feature quantity data in the feature quantity data as target load feature data; a use information front-end/acquisition module, used for calling the target load feature data and transmitting the target load feature data to a main station load identification module; and a main station load identification module, used for receiving the target load feature data, performing data direction processing on the target load feature data, determining an optimal matching strategy matching the feature data to be identified, and identifying an optimal matching solution corresponding to the feature quantity data to be identified in a second load feature library.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for improved building systems management and maintenance. The present invention provides a system for providing an augmented reality-like interface for the management and maintenance of building systems, specifically the mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems within a building, including the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems.

Abstract: A method includes determining, by a first component of a memory sub-system controller, a first temperature value of the memory subsystem controller. The method can further include determining, by a second component of a non-volatile memory device, a second temperature value of the non-volatile memory device coupled to the memory sub-system controller. The method can further include modifying a data parameter in response to at least one of the first temperature value or the second temperature value exceeding a threshold temperature value.

Abstract: A computer system is provided for monitoring and detecting changes in a data generating processes, which may be under a multi-dimensional and unsupervised setting. A target dataset is split into paired subgroups by a separator and one or more detectors are applied to detect changes, anomalies, inconsistencies, and the like between the paired subgroups. Metrics may be generated by the detector(s), which are then passed to an evaluating system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for orchestrating the operation of energy-consuming loads, so as to minimize power consumption, are described. In some embodiments, the loads can be HVAC, refrigeration systems, air compressors, and the like, and orchestration is effected either directly or by means of the loads' respective controllers. In some aspects, the controllers can be Smart Thermostats and orchestration is effected through a Cloud-based orchestration platform or “COP.” In certain aspects, a COP uses specifically programmed application programming interfaces, or APIs, to control the operation of a single manufacturer's Smart Thermostats, where the manufacturer provides its own Cloud-based control platform, through which the COP operates. The COP can similarly orchestrate the operation of two or more manufacturers' Smart Thermostats through their respective Cloud-based control platforms. By these and other means, the operation of a variety of energy-consuming loads can be more easily and efficiently orchestrated.

Abstract: A system for autonomously validating the topology information of an electrical power distribution system is provided. For example, the system includes a group of meters previously determined to be connected to the same transformer of an electrical power distribution system. The group of meters is configured to perform family check periodically or upon request and to identify orphan meters in the group. The identified orphan meter can contact a community device communicatively connected to meters in more than one group to request a community check. The community device performs the community check by contacting meters in other groups of meters and obtain their family signature data. The community device further determines whether the orphan meter belongs to a new family based on the voltage data of the orphan meter and the family signature data of other groups. The orphan meter can report the community check results to a headend system.

Abstract: A power supply manager manages power utilization of a first uninterruptible power source and a second uninterruptible power source. A load balancing service retrieves information that is associated with a first power supply unit and a second power supply unit, and determines a first power source state associated with the first uninterruptible power source and a second power source state associated with the second uninterruptible power source. The service may also set the first power supply unit in an active mode based on the first power source state, and set the second power supply unit in a standby mode based on the second power source state. The service may also transition the first power supply unit from the active mode to standby mode, and the second power supply unit from standby mode to the active mode, based on a power imbalance.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for operating a power generating asset. Accordingly, at least one external data set indicative of a plurality of variables affecting the performance of the power generating asset is received by the controller. The controller also receives at least one operational data set indicative of the performance of the power generating asset. A plurality of production-assessment models for the power generating asset are generated and trained based on the data sets. A performance prediction is then generated for each of a plurality of model-variable combinations and a control action is implemented based on one of the performance predictions.

Abstract: A simulating method for an electric vehicle (EV) includes creating a simulation model associating a plurality of target behaviors of a target vehicle with the EV, obtaining a plurality of vehicle parameters of the EV to generate a set of EV control parameters, obtaining a plurality of configuration parameters of the target vehicle, based on the set of EV control parameters and the plurality of configuration parameters of the target vehicle, using the simulation model to provide a set of simulated target-vehicle controls, where the simulation model is a neural network trained to reflect a relationship between the set of EV control parameters and the set of simulated target-vehicle controls, and outputting the set of simulated target-vehicle controls to the EV, such that the EV is controlled to achieve the plurality of target behaviors of the target vehicle based on the set of simulated target-vehicle controls.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to facilitating identifying seasonal frequencies. In particular, a set of candidate seasonal frequencies associated with a time series data set are determined based on ACF peaks identified in association with a representation of the time series data set. Thereafter, the filters are applied to analyze the candidate seasonal frequencies and update the candidate seasonal frequencies by removing any candidate seasonal frequencies that fail a filter. An example filter can include comparing ACF peaks with peaks associated with SDF peaks. Thereafter, a candidate seasonal frequency of the updated candidate seasonal frequencies can be identified as a seasonal frequency for the time series data set, and such a seasonal frequency can be provided (e.g., to a user or another process) for use in performing data analysis.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for determining active and/or reactive power flows in a distribution line of a distribution network. The determined power flows may be linear in nature, and they may further be used to determine an overall network power flow for the distribution network. Further, the network power flow can be used to determine a voltage magnitude for any distribution bus in the distribution network. The methods and systems are capable of considering a plurality of sensitivity factors that may affect one or more distribution buses.

Abstract: A detection system for detecting winding faults, such as inter-turn winding faults in the stator and/or rotor of an electrical generator utilizes one or more vibration sensors that can be located on a generator housing. The vibration sensors make mechanical vibration measurements and transmit them to a fault analyzer. The fault analyzer can compare the measured vibrations with a threshold to determine if a winding is occurring. In an embodiment, the fault analyzer can convert the mechanical vibration measurements from the time domain to a frequency domain to facilitate analysis.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for identifying a type of device connected to I/O (Input/Output) channels of an I/O module, can involve applying a current for a predefined time duration to one or more I/O channels of an I/O module, initiating a current readback at a regular interval of time within the predefined time duration, determining values of the current readback for each of a time interval during the predefined time duration, storing the values of the current readback in a memory associated with the I/O module, determining a pattern as a function of the values of the current readback and a sample of time interval for a device connected to the one or more I/O channels, and identifying a type of the device connected to the one or more I/O channels based on a determined pattern of a current sink of the device connected to the one or more I/O channels.

Abstract: A power estimation method is implemented in a three-phase electricity meter, and includes the steps of: detecting a fraud falsifying a first voltage measurement on a first phase; acquiring a second voltage measurement on a second phase, the second voltage measurement not being falsified by the fraud; estimating a first phase shift between the first phase voltage and a first phase current, by using a first phase shift estimation between the first phase voltage and the second phase voltage; estimating at least one first electrical power consumed on the first phase from a first current measurement on the first phase, of the second voltage measurement, and of the first phase shift.

Abstract: Systems and methods of updating a multi-level data structure for controlling an agent. The method may include: accessing a data structure defining one or more nodes. A non-leaf node of the one or more nodes may be associated with one or more edges for traversing to a subsequent node. An edge of the one or more edges may be associated with a visit count and a softmax state-action value estimation. The method may include identifying a node trajectory including a series of nodes based on an asymptotically converging sampling policy, where the node trajectory includes a root node and a leaf node of the data structure, determining a reward indication associated with the node trajectory; and for at least one non-leaf node, updating the visit count and the softmax state-action value estimate associated with one or more edges of the non-leaf node based on the determined reward indication.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for improved building systems management and maintenance. The present invention provides a system for providing an augmented reality-like interface for the management and maintenance of building systems, specifically the mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems within a building, including the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems.

Abstract: A real-time power monitoring method executable by an electronic device, comprising: performing an ADC calibration operation to a voltage of a first battery of the electronic device; calculating and forming a diagonal line for the first battery; determining whether the comparison result between a gain and an offset and an optimum gain and an optimum offset is located with a preset error range; if the comparison result is located with the preset error range, determining that the voltage calibration for the first battery is successful; and, if the comparison result is located outside the preset error range, determining that the voltage calibration for the first battery is unsuccessful, analyzing and fixing the first battery and for re-performing the ADC calibration to the first battery.

Abstract: A method of managing power for recharging electric vehicles efficiently stores, delivers, and distributes energy. The method includes a plurality of user accounts managed by at least one remote server. The system includes a plurality of mobile computerized recharging stations, wherein each mobile computerized recharging station tracks a location and a current amount of available power within a power storage system. The method begins by prompting each user account to search for at least one best-match station. A search request is relayed for the best-match station from a corresponding user PC device to the remote server. The current location is compared to the station location for each mobile computerized recharging station. The minimum threshold of available power is compared to the current amount of available power for each proximal station. The sufficiently-powered station is displayed as the best-match station through the user PC device.

Abstract: A system for autonomously validating the topology information of an electrical power distribution system is provided. For example, the system includes a group of meters previously determined to be connected to the same transformer of an electrical power distribution system. The group of meters is configured to perform family check periodically or upon request and to identify orphan meters in the group. The identified orphan meter can contact a community device communicatively connected to meters in more than one group to request a community check. The community device performs the community check by contacting meters in other groups of meters and obtain their family signature data. The community device further determines whether the orphan meter belongs to a new family based on the voltage data of the orphan meter and the family signature data of other groups. The orphan meter can report the community check results to a headend system.

Abstract: Measurement of signal power for variable or time varying signals. A log-linear VGA coupled in a feedback configuration to a difference detector and an integrator, includes a set of amplifier cells selectable by a sliding current generator, producing a sum of outputs. Outputs of the sliding current generator include a first control current provided using a sum of amplified currents, a sequence of intermediate control currents, and a final control current provided using a sum of amplified currents. Control currents to be summed can be differentially amplified or attenuated; attenuators include capacitors to compensate for capacitive loading. Selectable amplifier cells are differentially amplified or attenuated. Isolating switches and canceling stages reduce the effects of leakage between adjacent amplifier cells. The sliding current generator can have boosted current to first and last amplifier cells, providing a more linear-in-dB gain near a relative maximum or minimum.

Abstract: Systems and methods to disconnect a faulted region of a power grid are described. For example, a control system may obtain a set of regions of a power grid. The control system may obtain a current magnitude and a voltage magnitude of the power grid. The control system may detect a fault in the power grid based at least in part on the current magnitude. The control system may, from the set of regions, determine a faulted region that the fault is located within based on a voltage magnitude of one or more buses in the power grid, a net change in power with respect to time of one or more regions in the set of regions, or both. The control system may send one or more signals to electrically disconnect the faulted region from the power grid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing multi-zone climate control for a vehicle. One system includes a power source, a plurality of switches, a first zone heating/cooling device, a second zone heating/cooling device, and an electronic controller. The electronic controller is configured to operate the plurality of switches to supply current bi-directionally through the first zone heating/cooling device, bi-directionally through the second zone heating/cooling device, or bi-directionally through a series connection of the first zone heating/cooling device and the second zone heating/cooling device.

Abstract: A hierarchical fault classification method for a fuel cell system, a multi-stage fault diagnosis method therefor, and a fault diagnosis device therefor are disclosed. The fuel cell system is divided into a subsystem, a component, and an element step by step. The multi-stage fault diagnosis method includes detecting a subsystem, a fault of which occurs, in the fuel cell system composed of a plurality of subsystems and detecting an upper-level component, which causes the fault, among upper-level components included in the subsystem, the fault of which occurs, using measurement data and a control signal.

Abstract: A computer system is provided for monitoring and detecting changes in a data generating processes, which may be under a multi-dimensional and unsupervised setting. A target dataset is split into paired subgroups by a separator and one or more detectors are applied to detect changes, anomalies, inconsistencies, and the like between the paired subgroups. Metrics may be generated by the detector(s), which are then passed to an evaluating system.

Abstract: A building management system includes a plurality of meters configured to provide data samples of a plurality of points relating to a building and a space hierarchy database configured to store a sibling relationship for each of the points. Each sibling relationship identifies two or more of the points as sibling points. The building management system includes a batch metrics engine configured to receive a first data sample of a first point, access the sibling relationship for the first point to identify one or more sibling points of the first point, aggregate the first data sample with data samples of the sibling points to generate a batch, and calculate an aggregate metric using the first data sample and the other data samples in the batch. The building management system also includes a controller configured to adjust an operation of building equipment based on the aggregate metric.

Abstract: To provide a technique for reliably acquiring a required braking power during travel and for efficiently using a regenerative power generated during braking. A work vehicle calculates a regenerative power outputted from an electric motor and a target hydraulic driving power for driving a hydraulic pump, supplies the regenerative power to the generator motor operating as a motor and makes the generator motor consume the regenerative power in a case where the regenerative power is equal to or smaller than the target hydraulic driving power, and supplies the regenerative power to the generator motor operating as the motor and makes an exhaust brake consume a power equivalent to a difference between the regenerative power and the target hydraulic driving power in a case where the regenerative power is larger than the target hydraulic driving power.

Abstract: An electric energy meter includes a plurality of first terminals for receiving a measure of current of each of one or more phases of power and a plurality of second terminals for receiving a measure of voltage of each of one or more phases of power. A controller is configured to analyze the measure of current and the measure of voltage of each of the one or more phases of power in order to detect power quality issues in one or more of the one or more phases of power. For each of the detected power quality issues, the controller is configured to determine whether the detected power quality issue is caused by a utility generating the power or a consumer consuming the power and to communicate a message indicating the detected power quality issues via a communications port operably coupled to the controller.

Abstract: A system and method for synchronizing a utility grid and a microgrid including a diesel generator, a photovoltaic array and a wind turbine. In a grid connected mode, a microgrid voltage, a microgrid frequency and a microgrid phase angle are controlled by a grid side converter which generates a preset reference power at the utility grid frequency; and provides a real power and a reactive power to each of a plurality of loads. In an island mode, the diesel generator operates at a constant speed to generate power at the reference frequency and communicates the reference frequency to a wind turbine, and the microgrid supplies the real power and reactive power to each of the plurality of loads. In a resynchronization mode, a switched capacitor bank is charged to provide the voltage needed to reconnect the microgrid to the utility grid.

Abstract: A method estimates a grid state of an electrical power distribution grid having a multiplicity of network sections, in which a central computer arrangement is used to receive measured values from measuring devices. A state estimation device is used to make a prediction of a future grid state, wherein a voltage and a phase angle are respectively ascertained for each network section, and in that a naive Bayes method is used for the prediction.

Abstract: The product detection system includes a computing device, at least one power detection instrument and a product detection device. The product detection device includes a processing unit, plural USB-C transmission ports and plural detection connection ports. A product detection method includes following steps. Firstly, at least one USB-C under-test product is connected with the plural USB-C transmission ports, and the at least one power detection instrument is connected with the plural detection connection ports. Then, the USB-C transmission port is set as a first role or a second role. Then, the USB-C transmission port corresponding to the first role is cyclically operated at plural designated voltages under control of the processing unit, and the processing unit issues an output voltage to the USB-C transmission port corresponding to the second role. Then, an operation status of the USB-C under-test product is detected.

Abstract: Sampling timings at a plurality of measurement points at which waveform data of a power line is sampled are easily synchronized to each other. A measurement device includes: a sampling unit configured to sample a waveform of at least one of a voltage and a current at a measurement point of a power line at a predetermined sampling timing; a processing unit configured to execute processing of the waveform sampled by the sampling unit; a time information acquisition unit configured to acquire time information from a time information provision device that is communicatively connected through a network; and an adjustment unit configured to adjust a processing timing of the processing on the basis of the time information acquired by the time information acquisition unit.

Abstract: Automatic voltage reconfiguration in a computer processor including one or more cores includes executing one or more user-specified workloads; determining, based on the user-specified workloads, a respective minimum safe voltage for each core of one or more cores; and modifying a respective voltage configuration for each core of the one or more cores based on the respective minimum safe voltage.

Abstract: A battery energy storage system (BESS) including: a battery storage configured to store surplus renewable energy; a controller coupled to the battery storage and configured to control charging operations and discharging operations of the battery storage; a generation meter coupled to the controller and configured to measure renewable energy; a renewable energy generator coupled to the generation meter and configured to generate renewable energy; and a standard meter coupled to the controller and configured to measure energy provided by a power grid; wherein the controller is configured to manage energy expenditure of the BESS according to the following steps: initializing a replay buffer configured to store state transition samples; initializing a main net configured to generate a current Q-value; initializing a target net configured to generate a target Q-value; obtaining an environment state of the BESS; and selecting an action based on an ?-greedy policy.

Abstract: A method of monitoring power systems over a wireless network protocol. The method includes receiving input waveform data containing a power event, capturing a pair of windows of the waveform data proximate to the power event, determining a hash for each of the pairs of window of waveform data, comparing each determined hash of each of the pair of windows to a library of hashes of previously encountered events, and based on the comparison of each determined hash of each pair of windows, transmitting the raw waveform of at least one of the pair windows over the wireless network protocol to an event detection system.

Abstract: A controller for operating building equipment of a building including processors and non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by the processors, cause the processors to perform operations including obtaining a first setpoint trajectory from a cloud computation system. The first setpoint trajectory includes setpoints for the building equipment or for a space of the building. The setpoints correspond to time steps of an optimization period. The operations include determining whether a connection between the controller and the cloud computation system is active or inactive at a time step of the optimization period and determining an active setpoint for the time step of the optimization period using either the first or second setpoint trajectory based on whether the connection between the controller and the cloud computation system is active or inactive at the time step. The operations include operating the building equipment based on the active setpoint.

Abstract: An improved AC power supply is described. The supply identifies the load through monitoring the current and voltage wave forms and phase relations with the AC Mains. The comparison is done in conditions where the power to the load is programmably varied through use of a control switch located in the line and neutral between the AC mains and the load. The program of controlling the switch is varied to optimize the ability to distinguish similar load types. The switch can be further used to control power to the load that varies according to a set of rules based upon the identity of the load. In a preferred embodiment, the design enables high efficiency with minimal components that may be fully integrated onto silicon.

Abstract: A mobile computing device includes one or more digital signal processors, each configured to receive a respective digital signal, one or more amplifiers, each configured to receive a respective digital signal, and one or more output generators configured to receive an output of a respective amplifier, and a battery configured to supply power to at least the amplifier(s). The digital signal processors include an intelligent current limiter. The intelligent current limiter is configured to determine a power consumption limit based on a battery voltage of the battery, a battery current limit defined by a battery current budget for operation of at least the amplifiers, and an efficiency of the amplifiers. The intelligent current limiter is configured to determine a predicted power consumption by the amplifiers based on voltages of the digital signals, a gain of each of the respective amplifiers, and an admittance of each of the respective output generators.

Abstract: A new fan and an anti-cold air control method and apparatus therefor, the method comprising the following steps: during the process of a new fan switching from a heating mode to a cooling mode, acquiring in real time the set temperature and air supply temperature of the new fan and the middle-portion temperature of the indoor heat exchanger of the new fan (S1); acquiring the current output wind speed and the set wind speed of the new fan (S2); and adjusting the output wind speed of the new fan on the basis of the set temperature, the air supply temperature, the middle-portion temperature of the indoor heat exchanger, the current output wind speed, and the set wind speed (S3).

Abstract: Illustrative embodiments of systems and methods for detecting and responding to islanding of distributed energy resources are disclosed. In at least one illustrative embodiment, a method may include measuring voltage and current at a connection point between a distributed energy resource and an electrical grid, determining a Thévenin impedance of the electrical grid based upon the voltage and current measurements, and determining whether the Thévenin impedance has exceeded a predetermined threshold. In some embodiments, the method may further include disconnecting the distributed energy resource from the electrical grid in response to determining that the Thévenin impedance has exceeded the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Apparatus for disaggregating a plurality of aggregated electrical devices that receive power via a same power node, the apparatus comprising: a memory having values of at least one power feature for each of the aggregated electrical devices that characterizes power consumption of the device; and a processor configured to: receive a measure of a value for the at least one power feature of node power distributed to the aggregated devices via the power node; determine an optimum probability mass function (PMF) based on the values for the at least one power feature for each of the electrical devices that is optimized to provide an optimum disaggregation state vector for the aggregated electrical devices that satisfies a predetermined criterion to provide a value for the at least one power feature that agrees with the received measure of the at least one power feature.

Abstract: Generating a contributor-based power abstract for a device, including: identifying a clock power component for each of a plurality of clock gating domains, identifying a switching characteristic for each of the clock gating domains, combining the switching characteristics for all of the clock gating domains into a domain combination list, performing a per-case simulation based at least on the domain combination list, calculating an effective capacitance for each of the clock gating domains based at least on the per-case simulation, and generating a power abstract for each of the clock gating domains based at least on the effective capacitance.

Abstract: A method can include obtaining access card data from an access card. The access card can include accessibility data. The access card can be configured to electronically permit access to one or more systems by transmitting the accessibility data. The access card data can include at least a portion of the accessibility data. The method can further include storing the access card data. The method can further include transmitting the access card data to a penetration test system that is configured to test the one or more systems for at least one system vulnerability based, at least in part, on the access card data.