Abstract: A portable power bank including a rechargeable battery may detect loss of capacity in the power bank battery. The power bank determines a nominal capacity of the power bank, and an actual capacity of the power bank, the actual capacity being less than the nominal capacity. The power bank compares the actual capacity to the nominal capacity to determine a health value of the power bank battery. When the power bank battery health value is at or below a threshold value, the power bank transmits an indication of the health value to a mobile computing device.

Abstract: A battery control system includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a state quantity of the battery, a first estimation unit configured to perform an estimation process of estimating a full charging capacity of the battery based on the state quantity of the battery acquired by the acquisition unit by controlling charging or discharging of the battery, a first transmission unit configured to transmit a transmission request for requesting transmission of an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery to a management device when the estimation process is not able to be performed by the first estimation unit, and a first reception unit configured to receive an estimation result of the full charging capacity of the battery from the management device when the estimation process is not able to be performed by the first estimation unit.

Abstract: An approach to forecasting battery health as a dynamic time-series problem as opposed to a static prediction problem is presented. Systems and methods disclosed herein forecast a trajectory to failure by predicting a path to failure as opposed to only predicting when the battery may fail. A machine-learning model is implemented that extracts unique features taken from time-series data, such as time snippets of charging data. The raw time-series data may include current voltage and temperature with complex transformations and without capturing a full cycle, which permits wider applicability to instances of varying depth of discharge (DoD).

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for controlling an operation of a secondary battery using a relative deterioration degree of an electrode. The method includes determining a SOC of the secondary battery whenever a pulse current flows through the secondary battery; determining an electrochemical reaction resistance from a voltage change amount measured during a preset initial time in each pulse current section and determining a lithium ion diffusion resistance from a voltage change amount measured during a remaining time except for the initial time; determining a deterioration-biased electrode by comparing a deterioration diagnosing resistance ratio, which is a relative ratio of the lithium ion diffusion resistance to the electrochemical reaction resistance, with a preset reference deterioration diagnosing resistance ratio; and adaptively adjusting an operation condition of a next charging/discharging cycle according to the type of the deterioration-biased electrode.

Abstract: A method of determining, for each cell of a battery of series-coupled cells, an indicator QCi representative of the charge stored in the cell, this method comprising: a) at the end of a phase of partial discharge or charge of the battery, measuring the voltage Ui across each cell of the battery; b) calculating, for each cell, an interpolation coefficient Xi from a value C_rate representative of the discharge or charge rate of the battery during said partial discharge or charge phase, and from the voltages Ui measured at step a); and c) determining, for each cell, from the interpolation coefficient Xi calculated for the cell at step b) and from a quantity Qcm representative of the charge stored in the battery, said indicator QCi representative of the charge stored in cell.

Abstract: A battery abnormality diagnosis apparatus including a sensing unit measuring a voltage and a current of a battery cell, a differential data calculating unit calculating differential data for a capacity and a voltage of the battery cell, and an abnormality diagnosing unit diagnosing abnormality of the battery cell based on the differential data and classifying a type of the abnormality.

Abstract: A battery system for an electric vehicle includes a battery module having battery cells and a controller module connected to the battery cells, the controller module being configured to measure voltage values, current values, and temperature values of at least one of the battery cells, and a controller unit connected to the battery module and configured to communicate with the controller module via a data line, the controller unit being configured to determine an inherent physical property of the at least one of the battery cells based on the measured values of the controller module, to compare the determined inherent physical property with a reference value for the inherent physical property, and to perform an authentication of the at least one of the battery cells based on the comparison.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electric motor and a battery operable to provide electrical power to the electric motor. The battery system includes a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack has a relatively high power density, and the second battery pack has a relatively high energy density. An electronic controller determines a remaining driving range of the first battery pack, and a remaining driving range of the second battery pack. The vehicle has a human-machine interface (HMI) operatively connected to the electronic controller and configured to indicate the remaining driving range of the first battery pack and the remaining driving range of the second battery pack. The controller executes a method of monitoring the battery system.

Abstract: A management server is configured to perform a process including: setting a basic fee of a first monthly fee when a utilization manner is battery lease; setting discount rates based on the weight, capacity, manufacturer, degree of initial deterioration, amount of power consumption, number of times of performing quick electric charging, utilization region, and utilization period of the battery; determining the first monthly fee; setting a basic fee of a second monthly fee when the utilization manner is vehicle lease; setting discount rates based on the weight of the battery, a utilization region of the vehicle, and a utilization period; determining the second monthly fee; and determining a total monthly fee.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a plurality of cells, a first detection unit configured to detect a first electrical parameter of a cell, a second detection unit configured to detect a second electrical parameter of a cell group, a storage unit at least configured to store a third electrical parameter of the cell, and a control unit configured to acquire the first electrical parameter, the second electrical parameter, and the third electrical parameter, dynamically adjust a discharge capacity parameter of the battery pack based on the third electrical parameter, the first electrical parameter, and the second electrical parameter, and transmit the discharge capacity parameter to a load connected to the battery pack to enable the load to adjust the current operating state based on the discharge capacity parameter.

Abstract: A battery management device includes: a first switch state acquisition unit configured to acquire the state of an ignition switch; a determination unit configured to determine to perform correction control for correcting an error in the state of charge (SOC) of the battery when the ignition switch is operated from ON to OFF; a correction control unit configured to perform the correction control of the SOC of the battery when it is determined that the correction control is to be performed; and a second switch state acquisition unit configured to acquire the state of a cancel switch for canceling the execution of the correction control. When the ignition switch is operated from ON to OFF while the cancel switch is ON, the determination unit determines that the correction control is not to be performed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a battery management apparatus, a vehicle system including the same, and a battery management method. An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery management apparatus including: a processor configured to create a profile depending on a voltage of a battery cell when charging a battery, to determine uniformity of the battery cell based on the profile, and to perform battery management and control by using the uniformity; and a storage configured to store a profile for each battery cell, and an algorithm and data driven by the processor.

Abstract: An electric energy storage device, comprising N energy units with a same rated voltage and provided with a socket, wherein the N energy units are equally divided into M energy modules. Each energy module comprises K energy units, wherein M?2 and K?2, and can be switched between parallel and series connection states. The disclosure also provides an electric tool system, wherein the electric tools with different rated voltages have different plugs, and the electric energy storage device outputs different voltages after connecting with the socket. The electric energy storage device with multiple output voltages can be suitable for electric energy storage devices with different rated voltages, and reduces the cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method (100) of controlling a vehicle electrical energy storage system having a plurality of battery units connectable to form a battery unit assembly for providing traction power to a vehicle electric propulsion system. The method comprises the steps of selecting (105) a plurality of sub-sets of battery units from the plurality of battery units, determining (120) an alternative operational power (AOPn) of the electrical energy storage system for each sub-set of the plurality of selected sub-sets of battery units, and for the plurality of selected sub-sets of battery units, identify (140) the sub-set having the highest alternative operational power for providing power to the electric propulsion system among the plurality of sub-sets of battery units.

Abstract: A computing system is implemented as part of a vehicle architecture. The computing system includes a computing component, a first computing node that includes a power distribution system, a second computing node that includes input/output (I/O) interfaces to connect to devices, actuators, or sensors, and a third computing node. The computing component further comprises one or more processors and instructions or logic that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing component to perform, transmitting commands to the second computing node, the commands associated with initial processing of data received at the second computing node, receiving initially processed data from the second computing node, and performing further processing on the initially processed data.

Abstract: A method of charging a battery, including: in an mth charge and discharge cycle, constant-current charging a battery to a first cut-off voltage Um at a charging current, where m is any two or more integers of 1, 2, 3, . . . , x, and Um has different values in at least two charge and discharge cycles. The method shortens fully charged time of a battery and further ensure that phenomena of lithium precipitation and overcharge do not occur on the battery, thereby prolonging a service life of the battery.

Abstract: An energy storage device management system can include a management portion for charging/discharging an energy storage device and an ultrasound interrogation portion for passing ultrasound energy through the energy storage device during charge/discharge cycles. A memory stores a stream of capture data instances derived from ultrasound energy exiting the energy storage device and baseline ultrasound data instances corresponding with the energy storage device during normal charging/discharging thereof. A processor can compare each capture data instance with the baseline ultrasound data and detect abnormal operating states of the energy storage device. A warning system can issue a notification when abnormal operating states are detected.

Abstract: A BMS managing apparatus including a master BMS and a plurality of slave BMSs, and includes: a master BMS for sending an NV (non-volatile) value confirmation request to the plurality of slave BMSs, and sending a uniformization request to the plurality of slave BMSs based on whether a source ID is set, when a response to the NV value confirmation request is received from the plurality of slave BMSs; and a plurality of slave BMSs for sending each NV value to the master BMS when the NV value confirmation request is received from the master BMS, setting a representative BMS and a target BMS based on the plurality of NV values, setting the representative BMS or a slave BMS corresponding to the source ID as a source BMS according to the uniformization request received from the master BMS, and updating an NV value of the target BMS according to an NV value of the source BMS.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a data collecting unit for obtaining log information about a state of a battery from a battery management system that manages the battery, a first storing unit including reference log information for determining abnormality of the battery, and a diagnosing unit for diagnosing abnormality of the battery by comparing the log information about the state of the battery with the reference log information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating a state of a battery. The method includes obtaining a measured voltage of a battery from a sensor connected to the battery, obtaining an estimated voltage of the battery from an electrochemical model stored in a memory, estimating an aging variation of the battery based on the measured voltage and the estimated voltage, and updating an aging parameter of the electrochemical model using the aging variation.

Abstract: A power bank includes a shell, a PCB board, a fastening unit, a positive electrode connector, a negative electrode connector, an elastic component and a battery installation area enclosed by the elastic component and the bottom of the fastening unit. The elastic component is used to fasten a battery in the battery installation area so that a positive electrode terminal of the battery is electrically connected to the positive electrode connector, and a negative electrode terminal of the battery is electrically connected to the negative electrode connector, and the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the battery are located at the same side. The power bank is small size and light weight, of which the battery is fastened via squeezing by an elastic component so as to replace the battery freely.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present technology may provide methods and apparatus for detecting battery cell imbalance. The apparatus may provide a fuel gauge circuit to detect imbalance in a battery pack with two series-connected battery cells and determine the amount of imbalance using only the positive and negative terminal of the battery pack.

Abstract: The battery control device includes: a charge/discharge controller configured to charge or discharge the secondary battery during diagnosis; an open circuit voltage curve acquisition device configured to acquire an open circuit voltage by charging or discharging the secondary battery; and an arithmetic processor configured to estimate a potential of the positive electrode and a potential of the negative electrode from an open circuit voltage curve. The battery control device controls the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage such that an estimated positive potential does not exceed an upper limit and a lower limit of voltage that are preset.

Abstract: A battery heating system includes a voltage conversion unit configured to be electrically connected to a power source and to a battery to be heated, and a control unit. The voltage conversion unit receives a first voltage input by the power source or a second voltage input by the battery to be heated. The control unit acquires a charging and discharging frequency of the voltage conversion unit, determines a charge transfer impedance of the battery to be heated according to the charging and discharging frequency, calculates a safe amplitude current of the battery to be heated according to the charge transfer impedance, and sends a control signal to the voltage conversion unit according to the charging and discharging frequency and the safe amplitude current to cause the voltage conversion unit to perform boost or buck processing of the first voltage or the second voltage according to the control signal.

Abstract: A method of operating a hearing assistive device having a rechargeable battery, and comprises reading battery status data from a battery controller during use of the hearing assistive device, transferring the battery status data wirelessly from the hearing assistive device to a computing device and predicting, in the computing device, a remaining battery time for the rechargeable battery based upon the battery status data received. Once the remaining battery time is predicted, it is compared with a predefined use pattern for hearing assistive device and a user becomes notified if a conflict between the remaining battery time and the predefined use pattern is observed.

Abstract: An in-vehicle unit, which is installed in a vehicle, determines whether a remote process is to be performed on the basis of a remaining amount of an energy usable by this unit. When the remote process is determined not to be performed, the in-vehicle unit recognizes a target in an interior of a vehicle and determines a situation in the interior of the vehicle on the basis of a result of recognition. When the remote process is determined to be performed, the in-vehicle unit sends sensor information to a vehicle-interior monitoring support apparatus, which performs processes similar to the above in-vehicle recognition and the above in-vehicle determination, and receives a result of determination on the situation in the interior of the vehicle by the support apparatus. The in-vehicle unit performs a monitoring control related to the interior of the vehicle on the basis of the result of determination.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for diagnosing a state of a battery in various aspects based on a differential profile respectively obtained in a situation where the battery is charged and discharged. Since the state of the battery is diagnosed by considering both the first differential profile related to the charging of the battery and the second differential profile related to the discharging of the battery, there is an advantage of diagnosing the state of the battery more accurately.

Abstract: In an inspection apparatus for an assembled battery having a plurality of energy storage devices connected in series, based on a voltage difference between a first energy storage device with the first-lowest voltage and a second energy storage device with the second-lowest voltage during charge or discharge among the plurality of energy storage devices, an abnormality of the first energy storage device is detected.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention manage a state of charge of a rechargeable battery for extended storage by determining a manual override for a storage protocol is not activate for a rechargeable battery associated with a battery charger and an electronic device. Receiving battery data, environment data, and historical data for the rechargeable battery associated with a battery charger. Embodiments of the present invention determine to activate the storage protocol for the rechargeable battery based on the battery data, the environment data, and the historical data and discharge the rechargeable battery to a preset state of charge level based on the storage protocol.

Abstract: A battery management system includes a displacement sensor configured to detect a displacement of a cell group including a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to record the displacement of the cell group at a predetermined time interval for a first diagnosis period from a first time point to a second time point during charging of the cell group. The control unit is configured to determine a first displacement curve from a history of the displacement over the first diagnosis period. The control unit is configured to determine whether the plurality of battery cells is nonuniformly degraded based on the first displacement curve.

Abstract: A battery control unit has an SOCv operation unit which calculates a state of charge SOCv based on voltage of a battery, a ?SOCi operation unit which calculates an amount of change ?SOCi of the state of charge based on current value of the battery, a weight operation unit which calculates a weight W, and an SOCc operation unit which calculates a final SOC (SOCc) based on the SOCv, the ?SOCi and the weight W. Terms forming an operational expression of the SOCc are retained, by using a determination threshold, as a sum SOCc_Big of terms of a large value group and a sum SOCc_Small of terms of a small value group, and used in calculating the SOCc of a subsequent operation period. By using the SOCc_Big and the SOCc_Small, it is possible to prevent the accumulation of errors caused by information loss that occurred when repeatedly operating the SOCc.

Abstract: A battery management system includes a memory to store first and second Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) curves, a voltage sensor to measure a battery voltage across a battery, and a control circuit. The first OCV curve defines a first relationship between OCV and State Of Charge (SOC) of the battery during discharge of the battery. The second OCV curve defines a second relationship between OCV and SOC of the battery during charge of the battery. The control circuit is configured to interrupt a flow of current through the battery so that the battery is in a rest state when the control circuit receives a key-off signal. The control circuit estimates a SOC of the battery at a predetermined time interval based on the battery voltage measured at the predetermined time interval and the first OCV curve in case that the battery is being discharged when the key-off signal is received.

Abstract: A master battery management system (BMS) used for a battery system in which a plurality of slave BMSs and the master BMS communicate wirelessly includes: a receiving unit configured to receive, from each slave BMS, data of the corresponding slave BMS and data transmission information of at least one other slave BMS except for the corresponding slave BMS among the plurality of slave BMS during one period in which each of the plurality of slave BMSs transmits data at least once; and a determination unit configured to determine a communication error or an abnormal slave BMS by using the data of the corresponding slave BMS and the at least one other slave BMS data received from each slave BMS during one period. The data transmission information of the at least one other slave BMS is information on a history that the other slave BMS transmits data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, implemented in a management system of an electric battery of a vehicle, for estimating the resistive state of health of at least one electrical energy storage element, the method comprising the next steps: —determining (10) at least one operating range for which the direct current resistance of the element changes linearly with respect to the state of charge of the element and to temperature; —measuring (14) the variation in the strength and the voltage of an electric current generated by the element during a running phase of the vehicle; —calculating (16), based on the measured values of variation in strength and voltage, at least one direct current resistance value of the element; and —calculating (18) at least one value of the resistive state of health of the element based on the calculated direct current resistance value.

Abstract: A battery control device and a battery capacity estimation method are provided. The battery control device includes a current detector and a processor. The current detector detects the battery. The processor is electrically connected to the current detector. The processor performs coulomb current integration to obtain the integrated value based on a current detection result of the battery detected by the current detector during a sampling period. The processor multiplies the integrated value by a battery coulomb beta coefficient to obtain a depth of discharge. The processor calculates a first relative state-of-charge of the battery according to the depth of discharge and determines remaining battery power information according to the first relative state-of-charge.

Abstract: A degradation degree assessment device for a secondary battery is to assess a degree of degradation of a secondary battery and includes a battery characteristic acquisition unit, a capacity estimation unit, and an assessment unit. The battery characteristic acquisition unit acquires a battery characteristic relating to a voltage transition of the secondary battery in a predetermined voltage section. The assessment unit assesses the degree of degradation of the secondary battery based on the battery characteristic acquired by the battery characteristic acquisition unit or based on a battery characteristic-related value computed on the basis of the battery characteristic.

Abstract: A method of estimating a battery current limit for operation of a battery cell over the course of a specified prediction time. The method includes generating a plurality of current limit estimations by means of a plurality of current limit estimation sub-methods, wherein at least one current limit estimation sub-method generates its current limit estimation based on an RC equivalent circuit model of the battery cell, and determining the charge current limit by finding the lowest magnitude current limit estimation in the plurality of current limit estimations. At least one parameter of the RC equivalent circuit model is set based on the specified prediction time and at least one variable from the set of: a state of charge (SOC) of the battery cell, a temperature of the battery cell, a state of health (SOH) of the battery cell, a capacity of the battery cell, and a current of the battery cell.

Abstract: A system for estimating a state of health (SOH) of a battery using big data, may include a big data server receiving vehicle driving-related data generated from a vehicle and a result of determining the SOH of the battery, processing the received vehicle driving-related data, and generating and storing a factor related to the SOH of the battery mounted in the vehicle; and a controller mounted in the vehicle and determining the SOH of the battery referring to the factor stored in the big data server.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for determining vehicle battery health. In some embodiments, an example method may include receiving, from a first vehicle, a first value for a first data type and a second value for a second data type, the first data type and the second data type relating to a battery of the first vehicle. The example method may also include determining, for the first data type and the second data type, a minimum possible value, a maximum possible value, and an offset indicator, wherein the offset indicator provides an indication of a significance of the first value and the second values relative to the minimum possible value and maximum possible value for the first data type and the second data type respectively. The example method may also include determining a weight for the first data type and a weight for the second data type.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus of a power storage device supplies constant current to the power storage device, measures voltage of the power storage device, and computes an internal state of the power storage device on the basis of voltage change in the power storage device subjected to the measurement.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method with battery state estimation includes: determining a state variation of a battery using a voltage difference between a sensed voltage of the battery and an estimated voltage of the battery that is estimated by an electrochemical model corresponding to the battery; updating an internal state of the electrochemical model based on the determined state variation of the battery; and estimating state information of the battery based on the updated internal state of the electrochemical model.

Abstract: In one aspect, a computer-implemented method may include receiving charge cycle data pertaining to a battery pack. The method may include determining, based on the charge cycle data, whether a noise level of a battery management system exceeds a first threshold. In response to determining the noise level exceeds the first threshold, the method may include determining an initial state of charge of the battery pack using coulomb counting by reversing the charge cycle data. In response to determining the noise level does not exceed the first threshold, the method may include determining whether a rest time before charge cycle exceeds a second threshold. In response to determining the rest time before charge cycle does not exceed the second threshold, the method may include determining the initial state of charge of the battery pack using coulomb counting by reversing the charge cycle data.

Abstract: Implementations of fuel gauges may include a voltage sensor coupled with a memory, a processor coupled with the memory, a mode control logic circuit coupled with the voltage sensor, and a sampling timer coupled with the voltage sensor. The memory may include a plurality of relative state of charge (RSOC) values of a battery. The plurality of RSOC values may be used to calculate a plurality of internal resistance values. The fuel gauge may be configured to either increase, decrease, or maintain a sampling frequency based upon a measured power being drawn by a load coupled to the battery.

Abstract: A control apparatus capable of controlling a storage cell includes a controller and a communication interface. The controller determines, based on the degradation state of the storage cell that is the control target, a condition on the degradation state of the storage cell. The communication interface transmits, to an information processing apparatus, a retrieval request to retrieve a storage cell to be a new control target, the retrieval request including the condition on the degradation state of the storage cell. The communication interface receives, from the information processing apparatus, a retrieval result including information of the storage cell retrieved based on the retrieval request.

Abstract: Uses of artificial intelligence in battery technology including a method that includes receiving a trained model, receiving sensor data from at least one sensor associated with a battery, and executing the trained model by a processor. Executing the trained model includes providing the sensor data as input to the trained model to generate a model output. The method also includes sending, from the processor to a charge controller coupled to the battery, a control signal that is based on the model output and automatically, by the charge controller, initiating or terminating charging of the battery based on the control signal.

Abstract: A battery system is provided, including a processing module and a plurality of battery modules. Each of the plurality of battery modules includes a battery management system and an electrochemical cell pack controlled by the battery management system. The processing module is configured to control the electrochemical cell pack to alternately perform a discharging or charging operation. A sum of power of battery modules other than a first battery module in the plurality of battery modules is greater than power required by a target power-supplied object, and the first battery module is any one of the plurality of battery modules. A battery management system is configured to record a target time. The processing module or the battery management system is configured to determine a state of health of the electrochemical cell pack in the first battery module based on the target time.

Abstract: A battery diagnosing apparatus includes a measuring unit configured to measure voltage and temperature of a battery, an ohmic resistance determining unit configured to determine an ohmic resistance of the battery based on an impedance profile generated for the battery, and a control unit configured to calculate a voltage change amount by comparing the voltage of the battery measured by the measuring unit with a reference voltage, calculate a resistance change rate by comparing the ohmic resistance determined by the ohmic resistance determining unit with a reference resistance, judge an internal gas generation level of the battery by comparing magnitudes of the calculated resistance change rate and a criterion resistance change rate, and judge an internal gas generation cause of the battery by comparing magnitudes of the calculated voltage change amount and a criterion voltage change amount.

Abstract: A power supply is disclosed for an industrial control system or any system including a distributed power supply network. In embodiments, the power supply comprises: a battery module including a battery cell and a battery monitor configured to monitor the battery cell; and a self-hosted server operatively coupled with the battery module, the self-hosted server being configured to receive diagnostic information from the battery monitor and provide network access to the diagnostic information. In implementations, the diagnostics stored by the self-hosted server can be broadcast to or remotely accessed by enterprise control/monitoring systems, application control/monitoring systems, or other remote systems via a secured network (e.g., secured access cloud computing environment).

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for controlling an operation of a secondary battery using a relative deterioration degree of an electrode. The method includes determining a SOC of the secondary battery whenever a pulse current flows through the secondary battery; determining an electrochemical reaction resistance from a voltage change amount measured during a preset initial time in each pulse current section and determining a lithium ion diffusion resistance from a voltage change amount measured during a remaining time except for the initial time; determining a deterioration-biased electrode by comparing a deterioration diagnosing resistance ratio, which is a relative ratio of the lithium ion diffusion resistance to the electrochemical reaction resistance, with a preset reference deterioration diagnosing resistance ratio; and adaptively adjusting an operation condition of a next charging/discharging cycle according to the type of the deterioration-biased electrode.

Abstract: A method for determining a predicted state of health of an electrical energy storage unit in a machine includes providing a data-based or hybrid state of health model, the data-based state of health model is trained, depending on operating variables of the electrical energy storage unit and/or operating features derived from the operating variables, to indicate a state of health and to indicate a model uncertainty of the indicated state of health, ascertaining a state of health characteristic and the associated model uncertainty of the energy storage unit based on the operating variables using the state of health model, and generating at least one random constructed state of health characteristic candidate that corresponds to constructed state of health characteristics within characteristic of confidence intervals, the characteristic of confidence intervals defined by the model uncertainties of the states of health of the ascertained state of health characteristic.