Abstract: A spa node comprising a spa controller, a power sense adapter configured to compute power being drawn by selected spa components; a spa network adapter, and a home network adapter, each of the three adapters including a wireless transceiver wherein the spa network adapter is configured to receive power data transmitted over a wireless link by the power sense adapter and to further receive status/performance data from the spa controller. The home network adapter is configured to receive power and status data transmitted by the spa network adapter over a wireless link and to convert that data to a form suitable for transmission to an Internet access point. The home network adapter is further linkable over the Internet to a central server, a dealer computer and a spa owner or user computer.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for voltage measurement with a transformer configuration comprising three single pole voltage transformers having tertiary windings open-delta connected with each other. The arrangement is configured to apply a correction to measured secondary voltages on the basis of one or more parameters of the voltage transformers and/or one or more quantities in a known relation to one or more parameters of the voltage transformers, one or more parameters of a circuit connected to the secondary windings and/or one or more quantities in a known relation to one or more parameters of the circuit connected to the secondary windings, and one or more parameters of a circuit connected to the tertiary windings and/or one or more quantities in a known relation to one or more parameters of the circuit connected to the tertiary windings.

Abstract: Determination of a remaining life fraction for a network of batteries during use in an electrical circuit is disclosed. A state of health of the battery network can be determined by measuring a change in impedance characteristics of the individual battery units and/or the battery network as a whole. More specifically, a mode and a severity of a failure can be determined for individual battery units.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for determining an input voltage of a transformer of a local network station. The method includes measuring an input current of the transformer, an output current of the transformer, an output voltage of the transformer, and a phase angle between the output current and output voltage. The method also includes determining a translation ratio and an admittance of a cross-member of a p-equivalent circuit diagram of the transformer of the local network station using the measured input current, the measured output current, the measured output voltage and the phase angle between the output current and the output voltage. The method also includes determining the input voltage of the transformer of the local network station based on the determined translation ratio and the determined admittance of the cross-member of the p-equivalent circuit diagram.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling power of sensor nodes based on estimation of power acquisition, includes: a self power acquisition unit acquiring self power; an internal sensing unit sensing power acquired from the self power acquisition unit and consumed power; a power cut-off unit cutting-off power for each component of the sensor nodes; and a microprocessor receiving information of acquired power and consumed power from the internal sensing unit to analyze a supply and demand of power, estimating the acquired power using annual meteorological statistics data and recent weather forecast data, controlling power for each component of the sensor nodes through the power cut-off unit according to the estimation of the acquired power, and controlling a sensing period and a communication period of the sensor nodes.

Abstract: A test apparatus for a display includes an interface transmitting characteristic information including a resolution of the display unit and each equivalent model of a plurality of pixels, a reference voltage model including a plurality of reference voltages respectively corresponding to a plurality of pixels included in a unit region of the display unit, and pixel information including a position of a plurality of pixels to be tested among a plurality of pixels, a pixel model generator that schematizes a plurality of pixels into a plurality of test pixels and at least one equivalent load pixel according to the characteristic information and the pixel information to generate a pixel model, and a voltage mapper that maps the reference voltage model to the pixel model to calculate test voltages respectively corresponding to a plurality of test pixels and the equivalent load pixel.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention may include systems, methods, and apparatus for detecting theft and status of electrical power. According to an example embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for detecting theft and status of electrical power. The method can include monitoring switch state of a main circuit breaker, monitoring load-side voltage, monitoring load current, determining one or more conditions associated with power usage based at least in part on one or more of the monitored switch state, the monitored load-side voltage, or the monitored load current and transmitting information representing the one or more determined conditions.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus that includes sensors configured to ascertain two or more alternating current voltage signals. In some aspects, a first AC voltage is sensed at a resistor branch and a second AC voltage is sensed at a resistor-capacitor branch. A processor is configured to transform the two alternating current voltage signals into two instantaneous direct current voltage values. Analysis of at least one direct current value is performed to determine whether or not the instantaneous RMS line voltage is within or outside the range of the required (or expected) RMS line voltage. If the direct current value indicates that the line voltage is outside the expected RMS voltage value, it is determined that an alternating current line fault has occurred or is occurring.

Abstract: An SSD controller dynamically adjusts read thresholds in an NVM to reduce errors due to device threshold voltage distribution shifts, thus improving performance, reliability, and/or cost of a storage sub-system, such as an SSD. A retention drift clock uses one or more reference pages (or ECC units or blocks) on one or more NVM die as read threshold over time/temperature references, and uses a function of those values as a measure of drift (over time/temperature). At some initial time, the one or more reference pages are programmed and an initial read threshold is measured for each of the one or more reference pages. In some embodiments, read threshold values are averaged among one or more of: all references pages on the same die; and all reference pages in the same one or more die in an I/O device.

Abstract: A current detector and a voltage detector respectively detect a current value and a voltage value outputted from an engine generator. An operating block determines a weight constant on the basis of the current value and the voltage value, weights the operating time of an engine by using the weight constant, and integrates the weighted operating time to calculate an integral time. A judging block compares the integral time and a reference time, and gives a notification to an indicator when it judges that the integral time exceeds the reference time. Receiving the notification, the indicator makes an external indication. The current detector and the voltage detector can be made of electric circuitry, so that the life of the engine can be predicted at low costs and with high reliability.

Abstract: A system for controlling an ultrasonic transducer utilizes an indication of the relative phase of the voltage on the transducer and the current passing through the transducer to control the relative phase to a value that has been preselected to correspond to resonance of an electromechanical system that includes the ultrasonic transducer. In one example application, the system includes a waveform generator that produces an oscillating signal, and the frequency of the oscillating signal is adjustable under control of the control processor. The control processor adjusts the frequency of the oscillating signal according to a proportional control law at least some of the time, and according to a proportional-integral control law at least some of the time. The control processor may also control the amplitude of the oscillation of the ultrasonic transducer.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is disclosed that measures and/or monitors a substrate parameter. An actual value of the substrate parameter can vary from its expected value as a result of characteristics of the integrated circuit and/or characteristics of an environment surrounding the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit classifies the semiconductor substrate upon which it is fabricated as being a fast semiconductor substrate or a slow semiconductor substrate based upon the substrate parameter. The integrated circuit operates in a fast-substrate mode of operation when the semiconductor substrate is classified as being a fast semiconductor substrate to adjust an operational parameter to compensate for the fast semiconductor substrate or in a slow-substrate mode of operation when the semiconductor substrate is classified as being a slow semiconductor substrate to adjust the operational parameter to compensate for the slow semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining wafer bias are described. One of the methods includes detecting output of a generator to identify a generator output complex voltage and current (V&I). The generator is coupled to an impedance matching circuit and the impedance matching circuit is coupled to an electrostatic chuck (ESC). The method further includes determining from the generator output complex V&I a projected complex V&I at a point along a path between an output of a model of the impedance matching circuit and a model of the ESC. The operation of determining of the projected complex V&I is performed using a model for at least part of the path. The method includes applying the projected complex V&I as an input to a function to map the projected complex V&I to a wafer bias value at the ESC model.

Abstract: A battery emulation device for simulating a battery cell voltage at a terminal of a battery control unit in accordance with a setpoint value includes a control unit configured to determine the setpoint value and provide the determined setpoint value via a galvanically isolated interface; and at least one emulation channel, each including: a voltage source; an amplifier unit; connection lines for connecting the emulation channel; measurement lines; and a fault simulation device configured to simulate fault states.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing thermal load by monitoring and controlling current flow in a portable computing device (“PCD”) are disclosed. The method includes monitoring a temperature of the PCD and determining if the temperature has reached a temperature threshold condition. This temperature threshold condition may be comprised within any one or more of a plurality of thermal policy states, in which each thermal policy state may dictate various thermal mitigation techniques. The thermal policy states may be associated with values that may indicate thermal loading of a PCD. If the temperature has reached the first threshold condition, then electrical current exiting a power supply device may be monitored. If it is determined that the electrical current has exceeded a current threshold condition, such as a maximum current, a hardware device corresponding to the electrical current may be selected for application of a thermal mitigation technique.

Abstract: There is provided an internal combustion engine controller that realizes a reduction in maximum current value and current regulation without sacrificing boost performance.

Abstract: A circuit includes a comparator having input terminals configured to be coupled across a drive transistor adapted to drive a phase of a motor. The comparator senses a drive current of the motor phase, said sensed drive current represented by a periodic signal whose period is indicative of motor speed. A motor speed calculation circuit receives the periodic signal and processes the periodic signal to determine a speed of the motor.

Abstract: A request for energy usage status is received by a networked device over a network. A set of power usage data is retrieved from a non-volatile memory located within the networked device. The set of power usage data, which includes information related to power usage of the networked device, was previously stored in the non-volatile memory in advance of positioning the networked device for normal use. A best estimate of the energy usage status of the networked device is calculated based, at least in part, on the set of power usage data retrieved from the non-volatile memory without measuring electrical parameters of a power source of the networked device during normal use. The best estimate of the energy usage status is then sent by the networked device over the network as a reply to the energy usage status request.

Abstract: A method and a system for estimating a battery percentage are provided. The method includes the following steps. A coulomb counter calculated battery index (CCBI) relating to an accumulated amount of current flowing out of a battery is obtained. A battery voltage curve tracer calculated battery index (VCBI) relating to a temperature, an output voltage of the battery, and a current flowing out of the battery is obtained. A modified calculated battery index (MCBI) ranging between the CCBI and the VCBI is generated according to the CCBI and the VCBI.

Abstract: An observation is made that the peak voltage value for a rectified AC voltage signal is substantially the same from cycle to cycle. Using this observation, a method of measuring an AC voltage is used to determine a more accurate RMS voltage value under light load conditions. The method includes rectifying the AC voltage signal to form a rectified signal, sampling the rectified signal to obtain a set of sampled values for each half-cycle of the AC voltage signal, searching the sampled values for each half-cycle to determine a local minimum value for each half-cycle, searching the sampled values following the local minimum value to determine a local maximum value for each half-cycle, and calculating a root mean square value from the local maximum value for each half-cycle thereby determining the root mean square value for each half-cycle of the AC voltage signal.

Abstract: A method for determining a parameter such as the resistance of at least one accumulator of a battery. The method includes the following steps: measuring a first voltage (U1) when the current is substantially equal to a predetermined value; conducting the plurality of voltage and current measurements (Un; In) during a current pulse; calculating a plurality of resistance values (Rn) from the first voltage and from the plurality of voltage and current measurements; determining a resistance value as the average of the calculated resistance values and an associated standard deviation; determining an absolute uncertainty on the value of the resistance as the product of the standard deviation and of a Student coefficient; if the relative uncertainty is less than or equal to a predetermined accuracy threshold, validating the resistance value (R).

Abstract: Methods and devices to measure voltage margins of electromechanical devices are disclosed. The voltage margins are determined based on responses to test voltages which cause the devices to change states. State changes of the devices are detected by monitoring integrated current or charge used to drive the devices with the test voltages.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor includes a linear magnetic field sensor to produce a voltage proportional to a sensed magnetic field and an interface having only two terminals for external connections. The two terminals of the interface include a power supply terminal and a ground terminal. The interface includes a voltage-controlled current generating device that is connected between the two terminals and is controlled by the voltage to provide a current signal that is proportional to the sensed magnetic field.

Abstract: An electrostatic clamp monitoring system is provided having an electrostatic clamp configured to selectively electrostatically clamp a workpiece to a clamping surface associated therewith via one or more electrodes. A power supply is electrically coupled to the electrostatic clamp, wherein the power supply is configured to selectively supply a clamping voltage to the one or more electrodes of the electrostatic clamp. A data acquisition system is coupled to the power supply and configured to measure a current supplied to the one or more electrodes, therein defining a measured current. A controller integrates the measured current over time, therein determining a charge value associated a clamping force between the workpiece and electrostatic clamp.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter includes a sensor device, and a method of operating thereof. The sensor device comprises a processing unit being operatively connected to a sensor unit comprising a sensor characterized by adaptable sampling frequency. The sensor being configured to periodically sample, in a first sampling frequency, a physical quantity and generate a signal indicative of a detected physical quantity. The processing unit is configured to receive the signal and determine a detected frequency of the signal and to adapt the first sampling frequency to the detected frequency. The adapting comprising calculating a difference between the first sampling frequency and the detected frequency and instructing the sensor to increase the first frequency, if the difference is less than a first predefined value; and to decrease the first frequency, if the difference is less than a second predefined value.

Abstract: A system and method of dynamically estimating the short circuit current availability (SCCA) at a node in an alternating current electrical distribution system by examining the spectral composition of current drawn by a direct current charging circuit connected to the node. A correlative relationship between the total harmonic current distortion (THDi) in the current drawn by the charging circuit and the SCCA at the node is established for a particular charging circuit. An estimation of the SCCA at the node is accomplished by taking current measurements of current drawn by the charging circuit, analyzing those current measurements to determine the THDi, and estimating a corresponding value of SCCA based on the determined THDi. A method is also provided for calibrating a particular charging circuit to have a reactance and resistance suitable for use in estimating SCCA.

Abstract: In one aspect, a data processing system includes a virtual temperature sensor to provide system temperature for different system configurations, and a controller coupled to the sensor to control operations of the data processing system according to the virtual temperature. The virtual temperature sensor typically derives the temperature of a particular configuration of the data processing system using mathematical models or one or more operating parameters of the data processing system. In one example, the mathematical models include a characterization table which provides the measured temperature data from various system configurations. These measurements are performed with temperature sensors positioned in ideal locations for different configuration, and are preprocessed to provide the virtual temperature computation. The characterization table also includes thermal characteristics, such as thermal time constant and thermal resistance, of the critical components at multiple thermal control states.

Abstract: According to a method for operating a Hall sensor assembly, at least two values (I1, I2) of an input signal (I) of a Hall sensor (11) of the Hall sensor assembly (10) having different magnitudes are set and the associated values (V1, V2) of an output signal (V) of the Hall sensor (11) are determined. Furthermore, a residual offset value (k, VOFF) of the output signal (V) is determined according to the values (V1, V2) of the output signal (V) that were determined at the at least two values (I1, I2) of the input signal (I).

Abstract: A distributed power supply system of the present invention comprises a distributed power supply apparatus (4) for supplying electric power to a customer load (2) interactively with a commercial electric power utility (1); an internal load (7) supplied with electric power from the commercial electric power utility; a current sensor (5a, 5b) for detecting a magnitude of a current and a direction of the current, the current being in a location closer to the commercial electric power utility than the internal load and the customer load; and a controller (8); wherein in a state where the distributed power supply apparatus 84) is not generating the electric power, the controller causes the internal load (7) to actuate, performs determination control as to an installation state of the current sensor (5a, 5b) plural times based on a value detected by the current sensor, and performs the determination control in such a manner that at least one of plural intervals at which the determination control is performed is set

Abstract: In a system and method for testing a serial port of a computing device, the serial port electronically connects to a test fixture. Test data is sent to a receive data (RXD) pin by a transmit data (TXD) pin. A test result is received from the serial port by the RXD pin. The TXD pin and the RXD pin work normally if the test data is identical to the test result. When voltages of a request to send (RTS) pin and a data terminal ready (DTR) pin are set at high level, the RTS pin, a data carrier detect (DCD) pin, the DTR pin, a ring indicator (RI) pin, a data send ready (DSR) pin and a clear to send (CTS) pin work normally, upon the condition that status values of the serial port indicate the voltages of the above six pins are at high level.

Abstract: Multiple positions within a mechanical system are measured with a plurality of sensors including at least one 4-wire and at least one 5-wire sensor. The 5-wire sensor has two output voltage signals sent to a signal conversion processor, and the 4-wire sensor also sends a signal. A sum is created of the two voltage signals from the 5-wire sensor. An excitation voltage supply supplies a common excitation voltage to both sensors. Feedback of the excitation voltage is measured by the signal conversion processor. The excitation voltage feedback is utilized to ratio-metrically correct a position feedback signal from the 4-wire sensor at the signal conversion processor. The signal conversion processor is able to synthesize a signal indicative of the excitation voltage from the two voltage signals sent from the 5-wire sensor in the event the excitation voltage feedback is not received at the signal conversion processor.

Abstract: Real-time power line rating may be provided. First, sensor data may be received corresponding to a conductor of a power line. The sensor data may provide real-time weather conditions for the conductor's environment. The sensor data may be received from a sensor device configured to collect the sensor data. The sensor data may correspond to the weather conditions at a location of the sensor device on the power line. Next, design limitations for the power line having the conductor may be received. The conductor of the power line may have a design ampacity based upon the design limitations and assumed weather conditions for the conductor's environment. Then a dynamic ampacity may be calculated for the power line based upon the received sensor data and the received design limitations for the power line. The power line may then be operated according to the calculated dynamic ampacity instead of the design ampacity.

Abstract: A SOC (state of charge) estimation method for a rechargeable battery includes: measuring a battery parameter of the rechargeable battery; judging whether the battery parameter of the rechargeable battery is stable; if the battery parameter of the rechargeable battery is not stable yet, estimating an open circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery by a fuzzy control and expanding an established experiment data of the rechargeable battery into a 3D function by the fuzzy control; and calculating a time domain dynamic equation and converting into a SOC function, substituting the SOC function into the fuzzy control to estimate an SOC estimation value, wherein the time domain dynamic equation performing a time domain dynamic monitor.

Abstract: A first envelope detector circuit and a second envelope detector circuit are the same in circuit configuration, where the former detects an input high frequency signal, and the latter generates a reference voltage for power level detection. A detector detects an output voltage of a selector configured to select an output of the first envelope detector circuit with reference to an output voltage of a selector configured to select an output of the second envelope detector circuit. A controller controls an input selector to determine and store control values for the two selectors during input of a high frequency reference signal generated by a high frequency reference signal generating unit, and controls the two selectors by using the stored control values when an actual high frequency signal is input.

Abstract: A method for calibrating voltage and current detected by a high frequency measurement apparatus is provided. By the method, a basic calibration parameter for a wide impedance range but with low accuracy and quadrant-specific calibration parameters for highly accurate calibration are calculated. This calculation is performed based, on values obtained by measuring three reference loads and true values of the reference loads. A first calibration unit of the apparatus calibrates the detected voltage and current by using the basic calibration parameter. A quadrant determining unit of the apparatus determines in which quadrant an impedance calculated from the calibrated voltage and current lies. A second calibration unit of the apparatus further calibrates the voltage and current by using a quadrant-specific calibration parameter corresponding to the determination result input from the quadrant determining unit.

Abstract: A current monitoring system is provided. The current monitoring system includes a plurality of transformer assemblies that are configured to generate a plurality of signals representative of current values. A computing device is coupled to the transformer assemblies. The computing device includes a processor that is programmed to analyze the signals to verify the accuracy of the current values associated with the signals. The processor is also programmed to select at least one verified pair of signals from the signals to calculate at least one value for at least one control variable.

Abstract: Measurement system and procedure suitable for measuring a voltage differential, the system comprising a measurement unit (1) having a first ground (10) as voltage reference and comprising a microcontroller (7) with an analog-digital converter (5), a sensor (2) having a second ground (20) as voltage reference, said second ground (20) being able to exhibit a potential difference with respect to the first ground (10), said measurement unit (1) having a first input (11) connected directly to the signal output (21) of the sensor (2), and a second input (12) connected directly to said second ground (20), the first and second inputs (11, 12) being linked to digital inputs (61, 62) of the microcontroller (7) through circuits for conditioning (31, 32, 41, 42) and analog-digital conversion (51, 52).

Abstract: A circuit for direct current (DC) offset estimation comprises a quantile value circuit and a signal processor. The quantile value circuit determines a plurality of quantile values of an input signal and includes a plurality of quantile filters. Each quantile filter includes a comparator, a level shifter, a monotonic transfer function component, and a latched integrator. The comparator compares the input signal and a quantile value. The level shifter shifts the output of the comparator. The monotonic transfer function component determines the magnitude of the shifted signal and provide a transfer function signal. The latched integrator suppresses transient characteristics of the transfer function signal and provide the quantile value. The signal processor is configured to calculate a weighted average of the quantile values to yield a DC offset estimate.

Abstract: A fault interrupt device is tripped by a fault in a power distribution network. A distributed automation controller (DAC) determines a location of and isolates the fault. Power is restored upstream of the fault and downstream power requirement vs. power availability from a secondary source(s) is assessed. The secondary source(s) is connected to the downstream portion if power available is sufficient or after nodes are deactivated to bring power requirements below power available. If a second fault occurs, it is also located and isolated, such as by communication between affected partition DACs of the power distribution network.

Abstract: A method of computing a peak current density specification (jpeakspec) for an electrical conductor line of an integrated circuit (IC) resulting from conducting pulsed electrical current represented as a current waveform. An on-time (ton) is identified for the current waveform based on a current density being greater than or equal to (?) a predetermined current density level. The jpeakspec is computed for the electrical conductor line using a jpeakspec modeling equation which includes the ton for the current waveform and a thermal time constant (?) for the electrical conductor line.

Abstract: An optimizer for modulating the speed of an indoor fan and first and second stage compressors of a two staged refrigeration system with a plurality of relays and an already existing power source. The optimizer is comprised of a speed modulation device, a supply air temperature sensor, and a controller. The speed modulation device is located in proximity to the existing power source and configured to collect current and power related information from the refrigeration system and power source to send to the controller. The supply air temperature sensor is linked to the indoor fan of the two staged refrigeration system and operable to obtain supply air temperature values. The controller is linked in communication with the speed modulation device and supply air temperature sensor and is operable to generate a system mode based on the power, current, and supply air temperature information. Speed commands are then sent to the speed modulation device to modulate the speed.

Abstract: A switching assembly includes a first terminal and a second terminal, a first switch connected to the first terminal, and a second switch connected to the second terminal. The switching assembly further includes a rectifier bridge connected between the first switch and the second switch, and a third switch connected between the first terminal and the second terminal. The switching assembly also includes a control unit that selectively opens and closes the first switch, the second switch and the third switch, and selectively turns on and off the rectifier bridge.

Abstract: A method includes measuring a first voltage (VA) across a first sensing coil of a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) and measuring a second voltage (VB) across a second sensing coil of the LVDT. The method also includes signaling a core fallout condition in response to (i) determining that a ratio of VA and VB is within a specified range of a value of one and (ii) determining that a sum of VA and VB is less than a sum of VA0 and VB0 by more than a specified amount. VA0 and VB0 are minimum voltages across the first and second sensing coils of the LVDT, respectively, when a core of the LVDT is in the LVDT.

Abstract: A waveform analyzing section analyzes the waveform of a detector signal pulse. A calculation section calculates a count rate from the addition-subtraction accumulated value of an up-down counter, and detects noise intrusion, based on the output from the waveform analyzing section. When noise intrusion has been detected, the addition-subtraction accumulated value for the present calculation cycle is replaced with the value for the previous calculation cycle. When the noise intrusion has stopped, the addition-subtraction accumulated value of the up-down counter is set at the value for a calculation cycle just before the noise intrusion, by an accumulated value setting circuit.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic device IED has enhanced power quality and communications capabilities. The IED can perform energy analysis by waveform capture, detect transient on the front-end voltage input channels and provide revenue measurements. The IED splits and distributes the front-end input channels into separate circuits for scaling and processing by dedicated processors for specific applications by the IED. Front-end voltage input channels are split and distributed into separate circuits for transient detection, waveform capture analysis and revenue measurement, respectively. Front-end current channels are split and distributed into separate circuits for waveform capture analysis and revenue measurement, respectively.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a status estimation apparatus includes detector, calculator, estimator and specifying unit. Detector detects a status change of any of electrical devices based on measurement data of a current flowing in a distribution line supplies power to the devices. Calculator calculates a current waveform change and a power change associated with the status change based on the measurement data. Estimator estimates a candidate originating from the status change based on the current waveform change. Specifying unit specifies a device caused the status change and a type of the status change based on the power change and an estimation result of the candidate.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for statistical determination of power circuit connectivity based on signal detection in a circuit. Signal data from the circuit gathered and a determination is made as to whether a signal of interest is present in the gathered signal data from the circuit using a statistical analysis of the gathered signal data. The statistical analysis comprises using a mean current value and statistical deviation of the current value of the signal data over a predetermined period of time to compute a confidence range. The confidence range is compared to a first threshold and a second threshold. A determination is made that the signal is present in response to the confidence range being above the first threshold. A determination is made that the signal is not present in response to the confidence range being below the second threshold.

Abstract: A system and method for streetlight control is provided. A lamp sensor inside a reflector of the streetlight is utilized to detect the output of a lamp of the streetlight. During daytime periods when the lamp is OFF, the lamp sensor is utilized to act as a day/night sensor by detecting ambient light near the lamp. When the ambient light level falls below a sufficient level indicative that night is approaching the lamp is turned ON and the lamp sensor utilized to detect the lamp output of the streetlight.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transferring power in an inline switch device are provided. The method comprises drawing power from an inline power source and transferring, by the powered device subsystem, a portion of the power that is not consumed by the powered device subsystem to one or more connected powered devices. The method further comprises determining a limit of current drawn by the powered device subsystem during transfer of power by the powered device subsystem to the one or more powered devices that results in the transfer of a desired amount of power to the one or more powered devices, and adjusting the limit for the current drawn by the powered device subsystem to the determined current limit.

Abstract: A substation instrument control system is disclosed. The substation instrument control system includes a plurality of transformers that generate a plurality of waveform signals representing electric properties of a substation instrument main body. A merging unit is communicatively coupled to the plurality of transformers and includes a signal processing unit and a control unit. The signal processing unit receives the plurality of waveform signals from the plurality of transformers and converts the plurality of waveform signals to a digital signal. The control unit controls operation of the signal processing unit using a setting data. An intelligent electronic device is communicatively coupled to the merging unit and receives the digital signal from the merging unit.