Abstract: The present application provides a method for planning a recovery resource for resisting N-time faults and an optical transmission device, and the method includes: planning, on an optical transmission device according to preset network planning information, a recovery resource for resisting (N?1)-time faults for preset (N?1)-time faults, and the recovery resource for resisting (N?1)-time faults is an optimal recovery resource corresponding to each interrupted service during the preset (N?1)-time faults; and planning, by the optical transmission device according to the network planning information and the recovery resource for resisting (N?1)-time faults, a recovery resource for resisting N-time faults for preset N-time faults, where the recovery resource for resisting N-time faults is a network-wide optimal recovery resource corresponding to interrupted services during the N-time faults.

Abstract: A VIRTIO Relay Program allows packets to be transferred from a Network Interface Device (NID), across a PCIe bus to a host, and to a virtual machine executing on the host. Rather than an OvS switch subsystem of the host making packet switching decisions, switching rules are transferred to the NID and the NID makes packet switching decisions. Transfer of a packet from the NID to the host occurs across an SR-IOV compliant PCIe virtual function and into host memory. Transfer from that memory and into memory space of the virtual machine is a VIRTIO transfer. This relaying of the packet occurs in no more than two read/write transfers without the host making any packet steering decision based on any packet header. Packet counts/statistics for the switched flow are maintained by the OvS switch subsystem just as if it were the subsystem that had performed the packet switching.

Abstract: A method for RDMA optimized high availability for in-memory storing of data includes receiving RDMA key-value store write requests in a network adapter of a primary computing server directed to writing data to an in-memory key-value store of the primary computing server and performing RDMA write operations of the data by the network adapter of the primary computing server responsive to the RDMA key-value store write requests. The method also includes replicating the RDMA key-value store write requests to a network adapter of a secondary computing server, by the network adapter of the primary computing server. Finally, the method includes providing address translation data for the in-memory key-value store of the primary computing server from the network adapter of the primary computing server to the network adapter of the secondary computing server.

Abstract: A smart add-in card can be leveraged to perform testing on a host server computer. The add-in card can include an embedded processor and memory. Tests can be downloaded to the add-in card to test a protocol under which the add-in card operates. In a particular example, a PCIe communication bus couples the motherboard to the add-in card and the tests can purposely violate the PCIe specification. The tests can be developed to test conditions that are typically difficult to test without the use of special hardware. However, the smart add-in card can be a simple Network Interface Card (NIC) that resides on the host server computer during normal operation and is used for communication other than security testing. By using the NIC as a testing device, repeatable and reliable testing can be obtained.

Abstract: Technologies for controlling timing calibration of a dedicated inter-integrated circuit data bus by a primary microcontroller are disclosed. The primary microcontroller performs a data transfer with a secondary integrated circuit using the dedicated inter-integrated circuit data bus, and determines a duration of the data transfer. If the duration is outside of an acceptable range, the primary microcontroller updates one or more data transfer timing parameters so that the duration of future data transfers are closer to the acceptable range.

Abstract: A method of providing at least one data carrier for a computer system includes downloading at least one image of a data carrier from a predetermined network source by a service processor of the computer system, the service processor being operable independently of a main processor and an operating system of the computer system; storing, by the service processor, the at least one downloaded image in a non-volatile bulk memory; incorporating, by the service processor, the at least one stored image as active data carrier of a virtual memory drive; and emulating a standard interface that accesses the virtual memory drive such that an operating system can access the active data carrier without manufacturer-specific driver software.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus connected to a printing apparatus includes a database configured to associate and manage a command identifier and a maintenance command, an acquisition unit configured to acquire from the database the maintenance command corresponding to a command identifier designated by an application and acquired via a spooler according to a port monitor that functions based on an expansion file, and a transmission unit configured to transmit the acquired maintenance command to the printing apparatus according to the port monitor that functions based on the expansion file.

Abstract: Techniques described herein relate to automatic system suspension based upon downstream system failure in service-oriented architecture (SOA) applications. A system management module of a SOA system may be configured to detect a problem with a downstream service provider involved with a SOA application, and in response, automatically suspend particular processing within the application to prevent requests that may end up at the downstream service provider from entering the SOA application. The system management module may implement a circuit breaker module that maintains a circuit breaker structure specific to a downstream endpoint leading to a downstream service provider. Upon a triggering of a circuit breaker for a downstream endpoint, one or more upstream service providers are identified as associated with faulted traffic causing the triggering, and the system management module can automatically cause further traffic from these upstream service providers to be suspended.

Abstract: A system includes multiple devices connected in a chain-like structure, each device of the multiple devices coupled to at least one bus. A device of the plurality of devices includes a circuit configured to detect activity of a differential signal of a bus coupled to the device to cause a wakeup of the device in response to the detection.

Abstract: A communication apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention includes a storage temporarily storing data received via a wireless network from another communication apparatus that sends the data regarding feedback control at a fixed time interval and an arranger configured to read out and output at the fixed time interval the data stored in the storage and to arrange the data with the fixed time interval.

Abstract: A Direct Current (DC) Isolated-Parallel (Iso-Parallel or IP) Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system and method for converting incoming AC power to DC power using several modules which are paralleled at their outputs yet fault isolated from each other. The DCIP UPS has two or more modules connected to a common IP Bus which operates at AC voltage and is disposed between a facility electrical distribution system and the facility's critical electrical loads which operate at DC voltage. The electrical distribution system receives power from a local utility, or from a standby power source when utility power is unavailable, and delivers AC power to the DCIP UPS input. The DCIP UPS converts the power to DC and delivers it to critical electrical loads associated with computer equipment or other devices using DC power.

Abstract: A method for data communication within an I2C system is provided. The method includes the steps of: a) generating a communication error code indicative of error status when data transmission from a master module to a slave module via an I2C bus fails; b) determining whether to retransmit the data to the slave module according to the communication error code; c) when the determination made in step c) is affirmative, determining whether a number of times of data retransmission(s) associated with the data reaches a predetermined number; d) when the determination made in step c) is affirmative, resetting the master module; and e) recording a communication error event according to the communication error code after step a).

Abstract: The present invention realizes a functional safety of a multiprocessor system without tightly coupling processor elements. When causing a plurality of processor elements to execute the same data processing and realizing a functional safety of the processor element, there is adopted a bus interface unit that performs control of performing safety measure processing when the non-coincidence of access requests issued from the processor elements has been fixed, and of starting access processing responding the access request when these access requests coincide with one another.

Abstract: A chipset implemented in a server node of a server system and including an embedded management controller is disclosed. The chipset also includes a northbridge and southbridge. The embedded management controller collects inner-node information of the server node for server system management. The embedded management controller is coupled to a baseboard management controller, and the baseboard management controller is outside the server node and communicates with a remote console through network.

Abstract: A mobile communications system according to an aspect of the present invention includes a control apparatus (100) arranged in a radio access network (20) and a policy supply system (200) arranged in a core network (10). The policy supply system (200) is configured to supply the control apparatus (100) with a first control policy used in control related to state transition of a mobile terminal (300) between a CONNECTED state and an IDLE state. The control apparatus (100) is configured to perform the control related to the state transition between the CONNECTED state and the IDLE state for the mobile terminal (300) based on the first control policy. This enables, for example, to reduce the number of signalings which are caused due to repetition of state transition (CONNECTED-IDLE transition) of the mobile terminal and are to be processed by the core network, based on the determination by the core network.

Abstract: An in-vehicle system for providing a driver with access to functionality of a mobile device that includes a head unit with an in-vehicle display for providing infotainment to the driver, software that configures the user interface with a graphical scheme native to the head unit, and a software interface by which the head unit can receive deep links from the mobile device. Deep links identify application contexts available within the mobile software applications, and are made available to a user from within in-vehicle software applications. When a user selects a deep link from within an in-vehicle software application, the deep link is followed and the appropriate application context is rendered by mobile device. The application context is then mirrored onto the in-vehicle display, where a driver can view and interact with it using mirroring technology.

Abstract: A fault-tolerant storage system includes a first strand comprising a first initiating device connected to a first expansion device of a first set of serially connected expansion devices, a second strand comprising a second initiating device connected to a first expansion device of a second set of serially connected expansion devices, and a plurality of zoning switches that each connect an expansion device in the first set of serially connected expansion devices to a corresponding expansion device in the second set of serially connected expansion devices. A computer program product and method executed by a computer corresponding to the above system are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A system and method of distributed computation based upon a novel partitioning of computer networks. In the distributed computing system of the present invention, instructions are disseminated to select agents on a computer network, each of which is a member of at least one “path,” a path being an ordered set of one or more connected agents within the network. The computation is then performed by the agents along the path, and any results then returned. A computation to be performed is broken down into instructions executed on a unique ordered sequence of agents making up a path. This vastly increases the expressive power of a single network to be not only the sum of its parts, but the sum of all possible configurations of those parts on a graph. The basic components of the computing system are agents, probes and paths. The agents are interconnected forming a network and a path is an ordered sequence of agents.

Abstract: A configurable advertisement count and skew timer in a virtual router can be used to improve the speed with which a backup virtual router assumes the role of master upon the master router's failure. Enhanced VRRP packets having a type other than one may be used to cause MAC address movement from a failed master router to a backup router assuming the role of master router without placing an undue load on other routers in the network, such as by dropping the enhanced VRRP packets having a type other than one without processing the packets in the control plane of a receiving virtual router.

Abstract: A system and method for testing an acoustic probe is provided. The system includes an electric signal generator connected to transmit an electric generator signal into selected transducer elements of the acoustic probe. The selected of transducer elements of the acoustic probe convert the electrical signal into an acoustic signal that reflects off the lens of the acoustic probe and is then converted by the selected transducer elements of the acoustic probe into a reflected electrical signal. An analysis engine is connected to receive the reflected electrical signal and determine the operability of lens and each selected transducer element for acoustic and electrical conversion. A display provides an illustration indicative of the operative ability of the lens and the selected transducer element of the acoustic probe for acoustic and electrical conversion.

Abstract: A Change Management system provides change management functionality by using configuration information that specifies various types of modifications to perform to networking devices, types of monitoring to perform for the networking devices (e.g., executable commands to use to gather information about operations of the networking devices), types of automated responses to problems identified by the monitoring (e.g., rollback commands to remove modifications that were performed), etc. for controlling and monitoring changes to the networking devices. Such configuration information may be specified by, for example, a user who is associated with one or more such networking devices, including a user who is a client of a service provider environment that provides various types of computing resources to its users.

Abstract: Systems and methods which implement forward checking of data integrity are disclosed. A storage system of embodiments may, for example, comprise data integrity forward checking logic which is operable to perform forward checking of data integrity in real-time or near real-time to check that a number of node failures can be tolerated without loss of data. Embodiments may be utilized to provide assurance that a number of fragments needed for source data recovery will be available for the source objects most susceptible to failure when a certain number of additional fragments are lost, such as due to storage node failures.

Abstract: In some examples, an application delivery monitor system includes an application programming interface gateway to execute an application programming interface to receive, from a user device, a request for continuous application delivery progress for an application; and an orchestrator to send, in response to the request, respective sub-requests for the request to a plurality of continuous application delivery sub-systems of an application delivery platform, wherein the orchestrator is further configured to receive, in response to the sub-requests, respective indications of continuous application delivery progress from the plurality of continuous application delivery sub-systems, and wherein the orchestrator is further configured to send, to the user device, a consolidated response to the request, wherein the consolidated response includes the respective indications of continuous application delivery progress from the plurality of continuous application delivery sub-systems.

Abstract: In large complex multi-path storage environments, knowing there is a problem is extremely valuable. Example embodiments of the present invention include a management framework that provides an easy to use and read graphical perspective that allows analysis of faults in a multi-path storage environment. The architecture is not only responsive, scalable, and robust, but also provides “middleware” services to a broad spectrum of enterprise management applications whose domains may extend beyond storage path management.

Abstract: A primary and secondary card are coupled to protect and working paths, respectively providing a redundant connection to a node. The primary and secondary cards implement an inter-card path that is a working path for the primary card and a protect path for the secondary card. Responsive to a fault in the working path, the secondary card generates a simulated error condition on the inter-card path, causing the primary card to make the protect path the active path. When the protect path is the active path and goes down, the primary card generates a simulated error condition on the inter-card path, causing the secondary card to make the working path the active path. Switching of packets to the active and protect paths on the primary and secondary cards and is performed by an FPGA that maintains its own state machine subject to instructions from software executed by the cards.

Abstract: An integrated multimedia system and a control method are provided, in which, when a USB port is reset during a misrecognition and malfunction of a USB connected to a port of an integrated multimedia terminal integrally provided with an SD slot, an SD slot is prevented from being reset to improve the stability and quality of an AVN system. The system includes an integrated multimedia terminal including a USB port for electrical connection of a USB and an SD slot for electrical connection of an SD card. An audio video navigation (AVN) controller detects the SD card and the USB, obtains data of the SD card and the USB and is connected to the integrated multimedia terminal. A hub electrically connects the SD slot and the USB port to the AVN controller and an auxiliary controller operates the USB port in response to a control signal transmitted via the hub.

Abstract: An error variance detection method of CAN communication system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include storing an error information that corresponds to the communication error in a network management start message, if an communication error is occurred in the CAN communication system, by at least one of a plurality of slave ECU, transferring the network management start message to a master ECU, by at least one of a plurality of slave ECU, determining whether there is or is not the error information in response to the network management start message, by the master ECU, detecting the error information from the network management start message, if there is the error information, by the master ECU, and transmitting the error information detected by a demand of a diagnosis device to the diagnosis device, by the master ECU.

Abstract: A system may determine that a first device is available to transfer traffic via a network and that a second device is available to transfer the traffic via the network. A master mode may be enabled on the first device. The master mode, when enabled on the first device while both the first device and the second device are available to transfer the traffic, may cause the first device to advertise dynamic routing information associated with transferring the traffic. A slave mode may be enabled on the second device. The slave mode, when enabled on the second device, may cause the second device to suppress advertisement of virtual router redundancy protocol routing information associated with transferring the traffic. The system may provide, via the first device and the second device, the traffic via a dynamic network path across the network, and in accordance with the dynamic routing information.

Abstract: A system and method can support automatic disabling of degraded links in an InfiniBand (IB) network. At least one node in a fabric can monitor one or more local ports of the at least one node for one or more error states associated with a link at the at least one node, wherein the link is connected to a local port of the at least one node. The at least one node further allows a subnet manager to observe the one or more error states associated with the link at the at least one node, and allows the subnet manager to set the link in a basic state if the observed error states exceed a threshold. In this basic state, the link allows only SMP traffic and prevents data traffic and non-SMP based management traffic.

Abstract: A diagnostic method for a control device of a motor vehicle with an electric propulsion motor, including: an electronic control unit (500); a data communication bus (Tx; Rx) connecting at least the electronic control unit (500) and a controller of the electric motor; and a controller (510) of the data communication bus (Tx; Rx); includes the following steps: the disabling of the controller (510) of the data communication bus (Tx; Rx) by the electronic control unit (500), the transmission by the electronic control unit of a signal frame on the data communication bus (Tx; Rx), the reading by the electronic control unit of the signals traveling along the data communication bus (Tx; Rx), and the issue of the positive safety diagnosis if the signal frame is not read by the electronic control unit.

Abstract: An information-processing method performed in an information-processing apparatus, the information-processing apparatus performing wireless communication with a first apparatus and wire communication with a second apparatus, the information-processing method including the steps of: transmitting an interrupt signal to the second apparatus by using the wire communication when data is received from the first apparatus; receiving, by using the wire communication, a clock signal from the second apparatus which receives the interrupt signal; and transmitting and receiving, by using the wire communication, data between the information-processing apparatus and the second apparatus.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a system, method, and computer program product for communicating information in a communication network using network function virtualization (NFV-based communication network), the method including: sending a communication from a first entity of the NFV-based communication network, the first entity being a sender, and receiving the communication by a second entity of the NFV-based communication network, the second entity being a receiver, where the communication includes: an identification of the sender of the communication, and an identification of the receiver of the communication, an identification of a function associated with the NFV-based communication network, and an authorization associating one or more of the sender and the receiver with the function.

Abstract: Orthogonal differential vector signaling codes are described which support encoded sub-channels allowing transport of distinct but temporally aligned data and clocking signals over the same transport medium. Embodiments providing enhanced LPDDR interfaces are described which are suitable for implementation in both conventional high-speed CMOS and DRAM integrated circuit processes.

Abstract: A detection device for detecting types of a universal serial bus cable includes a detection circuit and a control unit. The detection circuit includes a signal source, a receiving end, a first resistor, a second resistor, a variable resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, first through fourth switches, a VBUS end, an ID end, and a ground end. The signal source provides a detection signal. The control unit is electrically connected to the detection circuit, and is configured to control the first through the fourth switches according to a plurality of on-off states, to receive the detection signal and a VBUS signal from the receiving end in the plurality of on-off states, to generate a plurality of detection results, and to determine the type of the USB cable according to the plurality of detection results.

Abstract: A minimum confidence level is applied to recognize a localizable wireless system debility from a debility which is invariant from place to place or which cannot be significantly distinguished from service performance levels of comparable mobile user terminals in the network as a whole. Reports received by the population of users of a service or product family are scored, aggregated, normalized, and averaged overall and for each geographic service area. A report is received from a particular end user and the customer operated wireless instrument and transformed into an individual user experience score over a length of time and breadth of locations. The reports provided by the population of users are transformed into a population experience score that reflects usage in the same time and locations reported from the wireless instrument of the particular end user. Various potential causations are considered and those which exceed a minimum level of confidence are presented.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product are provided for implementing concurrent adapter firmware update of a Single Root Input/Output Virtualization (SRIOV) adapter in a virtualized system. An adapter driver is used to update adapter firmware concurrent with normal I/O operations. When configuration is stored in a scratchpad buffer, the adapter driver detects virtual functions (VFs) configured and operating. An enhanced error handling (EEH) process is initiated, freezing the VFs, and an updated adapter firmware image is loaded to the adapter. The adapter driver completes the EEH recovery, the adapter is restarted using the new updated adapter firmware. The VFs device drivers unfreeze the VFs, and complete the EEH recovery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for event analysis in a communication (telecommunication or computer) system. In particular, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for analyzing events representing activity in the communication system. Embodiments provide a progressive technique for the analysis of the operation of a communication system. Embodiments provide a bottom-up approach by first detecting burst of events, and establishing causal relationships between events and system operation reports using detected event burst records representing the occurrence of burst behaviors in events in a system. Based on the causal relationships found, causes of a change in system operation may be identified by determining parameters associated with events of an event burst relevant to the change in system operation.

Abstract: A method for RDMA optimized high availability for in-memory storing of data includes receiving RDMA key-value store write requests in a network adapter of a primary computing server directed to writing data to an in-memory key-value store of the primary computing server and performing RDMA write operations of the data by the network adapter of the primary computing server responsive to the RDMA key-value store write requests. The method also includes replicating the RDMA key-value store write requests to a network adapter of a secondary computing server, by the network adapter of the primary computing server. Finally, the method includes providing address translation data for the in-memory key-value store of the primary computing server from the network adapter of the primary computing server to the network adapter of the secondary computing server.

Abstract: A method for RDMA optimized high availability for in-memory storing of data includes receiving RDMA key-value store write requests in a network adapter of a primary computing server directed to writing data to an in-memory key-value store of the primary computing server and performing RDMA write operations of the data by the network adapter of the primary computing server responsive to the RDMA key-value store write requests. The method also includes replicating the RDMA key-value store write requests to a network adapter of a secondary computing server, by the network adapter of the primary computing server. Finally, the method includes providing address translation data for the in-memory key-value store of the primary computing server from the network adapter of the primary computing server to the network adapter of the secondary computing server.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program product are provided for implementing concurrent adapter firmware update of a Single Root Input/Output Virtualization (SRIOV) adapter in a virtualized system. An adapter driver is used to update adapter firmware concurrent with normal I/O operations. When configuration is stored in a scratchpad buffer, the adapter driver detects virtual functions (VFs) configured and operating. An enhanced error handling (EEH) process is initiated, freezing the VFs, and an updated adapter firmware image is loaded to the adapter. The adapter driver completes the EEH recovery, the adapter is restarted using the new updated adapter firmware. The VFs device drivers unfreeze the VFs, and complete the EEH recovery.

Abstract: A method for controlling a lamp, which has a plurality of controllable sub-units is disclosed. First control information concerning the light output of only some of the controllable sub-units is fed to a control unit of the lamp on the input side, wherein the control unit determines a second control information concerning the light output of all sub-units on the basis of the first control information and transmits the second control information to the sub-units connected on the output side.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a data processing device includes power port units for connection to network devices. Each power port unit is selectively configurable to operate as either (i) a Power Source Equipment port unit to provide power to a network device, or (ii) a Powered Device (PD) port unit to sink power from a network device. The device also includes a processor. In response to a power supply failure, the processor is operative to poll at least two network devices to determine if they are able to supply power, receive a response from each of the at least two network devices, and configure at least two power port units as PD port units to sink power from the at least two network devices. At least part of the received power is transferred from the at least two power port units via a power summing node to at least one local load.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying and correcting storage system inefficiencies are provided. One method includes discovering Logical Unit Number (LUN) information from a network storage system node, the LUN information associated with a first LUN and including an initiator group (IGroup) associated with the first LUN; discovering node information. The node information includes logical interface (LIF) status information. The method includes determining whether LUN access information also comprises a port set associated with the IGroup; combining the LIF status information and the initiator access list of the IGroup to test accessibility of the first LUN, when a port set is not associated with the at least one IGroup; and combining the LIF status information, the initiator access list of the IGroup, and the LIF access list of the port set to test the accessibility of the first LUN, when there is a port set associated with the IGroup.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a microcontroller device that has, in one chip: a central processing unit; a plurality of peripheral circuits configured to execute respective prescribed processes in response to corresponding trigger signals; and a peripheral control unit that controls respective activations of the plurality of peripheral circuits, wherein at least one of the peripheral circuits is configured to: control operation of an external device; determine whether or not the operation of the external device has ended without an error; enter a standby mode to accept a next trigger signal when the operation of the external device ended without an error; and generate an interrupt signal to interrupt the central processing unit when the operation of the external device ended with an error.

Abstract: A system, method and relay transceiver for multi-hop wireless communications. In the relay, there is a receiver for adapted to receive packets on a first wireless link collectively destined for at least one mobile terminal. The transmitter buffers them and then transmits the packets on a second wireless link. A flow control function is implemented to provide flow control over the first wireless link to limit an amount buffered in the relay transceiver for a given mobile terminal.

Abstract: A system and method of distributed computation based upon a novel partitioning of computer networks. In the distributed computing system of the present invention, instructions are disseminated to select agents on a computer network, each of which is a member of at least one “path,” a path being an ordered set of one or more connected agents within the network. The computation is then performed by the agents along the path, and any results then returned. A computation to be performed is broken down into instructions executed on a unique ordered sequence of agents making up a path. This vastly increases the expressive power of a single network to be not only the sum of its parts, but the sum of all possible configurations of those parts on a graph. The basic components of the computing system are agents, probes and paths. The agents are interconnected forming a network and a path is an ordered sequence of agents.

Abstract: A method for detecting a topology change in a communication network. The method includes measuring a minimum latency value of a communication between two devices in the communication network for each of a plurality of time cycles, identifying an increase in the minimum latency values among the plurality of time cycles, and detecting a topology change in response to a determination that the increase in minimum latency values is maintained for more than a predetermined number of time cycles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an interface and method for enabling interconnection of a host device and a small-formfactor pluggable module. The interface comprises a host device connector operative to receive a mating small-formfactor pluggable module connector and a switching device connected to the host device connector and operative to selectively switch at least one signal carried over the host device connector between at least two separate signal paths of the host device depending on a selected switching mode of the switching device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software to provide document management system user interfaces to clients. Some embodiments include an intermediary server to provide document management system indexing data to a client in a form that is displayable within an existing client file browsing user interface, such as Windows Explorer.

Abstract: Receiving results of detecting whether each service node in a service node pool is faulty transmitted by service request nodes; and determining fault indication states of a service node itself and other service nodes according to the results of detecting; or expanding an echo request message which carries a result of detecting, by a service request node itself, whether each service node in a service node pool is faulty during a previous period to a current period; and transmitting the echo request message to each service node at the beginning of the current period to enable each service node to determine fault indication states of a service node itself and other service nodes according to the result of detecting. According to the foregoing solutions of the present invention, reliability of service node fault detection is improved.