Abstract: A method of communicating a bitstream having a characteristic Hamming weight to a destination via a channel comprises determining the characteristic Hamming weight of the bitstream, inverting each bit in the bitstream if the characteristic Hamming weight of the bitstream is below a threshold value and developing an indication of whether the bits in the bitstream are inverted, delivering the bitstream and the indication of whether the bits in the bitstream are inverted to the destination via the channel, and inverting each bit in the bitstream at the destination if the indication indicates that the bits are inverted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for deinterleaving in a communication system is disclosed. The method and apparatus deinterleave data units using a data deinterleaver; compressed deinterleave input symbol quality information (SQI) units using a compressed deinterleaver, wherein at least one of the input SQI units deinterleaved by the compressed deinterleaver corresponds to at least one of the plurality of data units deinterleaved by the data deinterleaver; and apply the deinterleaved SQI units to the corresponding deinterleaved data units.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing high-speed multi-channel forward error correction using external DDR SDRAM is provided. According to one exemplary aspect, an interleaver/deinterleaver performs both read and write accesses to the DDR SDRAM that are burst-oriented by hiding active and precharge cycles in order to achieve high data rate operations. The interleaver/deinterleaver accesses data in the DDR SDRAM as read blocks and write blocks. Each block includes two data sequences. Each data sequence further includes a predetermined number of data words to be interleaved/deinterleaved. The PRECHARGE and ACTIVE command for one data sequence is issued when a preceding data sequence is being processed. Data in one read/write data sequence has the same row address within the same bank of the DDR SDRAM.

Abstract: An apparatus for coding a communication signal is provided. The apparatus includes an encoder configured to encode the communication signal, to increase the length of the communication signal, and a repetition coder configured to repetitively code part of the encoded communication signal, to utilize at least some of the increased length of the communication signal. The apparatus further includes an interleaver configured to interleave the repetitively coded communication signal. A method is also provided for coding a communication signal.

Abstract: Methods and communication systems are presented, in which impulse noise is monitored on a communication channel, and an interleaver depth is adjusted according to the monitored impulse noise without interrupting communication service.

Abstract: A data storage device receives write data and includes a controller configured to determine a characteristic of the write data and provide a first control signal in response to the determined characteristic, a randomizer configured to selectively randomize or not randomize the write data in response to the first control signal to thereby generate randomized write data, and a data storage unit configured to store the randomized write data.

Abstract: An error coding circuit comprises a non-systematic convolutional encoder for coding an input bit stream to produce two or more groups of parity bits, an interleaver circuit for interleaving parity bits within each group of parity bits, and a rate-matching circuit for outputting a selected number of the interleaved parity bits ordered by group to obtain a desired code rate.

Abstract: A method of interleaving blocks of indexed data of varying length is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: providing a set of basic Interleavers comprising a family of one or more permutations of the indexed data and having a variable length; selecting one of the basic Interleavers based upon a desired Interleaver length L; and adapting the selected basic Interleaver to produce an Interleaver having the desired Interleaver length L.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for processing data. In one exemplary implementation, there is provided a method of generating H output data from W data input streams produced from input data. Moreover, the method may include generating the H discrete output data components via application of the W data inputs to one or more transforming components or processes having specified mathematic operations and/or a generator matrix functionality, wherein the W data inputs are recoverable via a recovery process capable of reproducing the W data inputs from a subset (any W members) of the H output data streams. Further exemplary implementations may comprise a transformation process that includes producing an H-sized intermediary for each of the W inputs, combining the H-sized intermediaries into an H-sized result, and processing the H-sized result into the H output data structures, groups or streams.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automatic discovery of a networked raster image process (RIP) engine are described. In one aspect, a device determines that an entity is searching for one or more RIP engines. Responsive to such determining, the device notifies the entity of its RIP engine status.

Abstract: A method of communicating individual packets i of K bits includes permutation mapping of the packets, with each permuted packet being denoted by ?n(i), wherein ?n is a permutation on K letters that is unique for each packet transmission. Each permuted packet ?n(i) is modulated to provide a complex vector x(?n(i)) for each packet. The packets are transmitted over a AWGN channel so each individual packet i is received as a variable of the vector x(?n(i)) in a complex vector yn=x(?n(i))+vn, wherein n represents the sequential number of the transmission attempt for a particular packet and vn represents noise. This method enables the packets to be transmitted while using an improved ARQ routine that includes soft-combining decisions and a constant constellation with a constellation complexity greater than two bits/symbol to thereby significantly improve ARQ-routine performance over the current state of the art.

Abstract: A wireless communication receiver includes a first signal processing block, a second signal processing block, and a de-interleaver. The first signal processing block is configured for receiving a wireless communication signal and processing the wireless communication signal to generate a first output. The de-interleaver is coupled between the first signal processing block and the second signal processing block, and includes a plurality of branches implemented for de-interleaving the first output to generate a second output. The de-interleaver starts outputting the second output to the second signal processing block for further signal processing before all buffers included in the branches are full, and informs the second signal processing block of data derived from one or more unfull buffers included in the branches.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for managing data storage in memory devices utilizing memory arrays of varying density memory cells. Data can be initially stored in lower density memory. Data can be further read, compacted, conditioned and written to higher density memory as background operations. Methods of data conditioning to improve data reliability during storage to higher density memory and methods for managing data across multiple memory arrays are also disclosed.

Abstract: An embodiment is a method and apparatus to interleave data. A demultiplexer demultiplexes an input packet having N bits into L sub-packets on L branches. M flipping blocks flip M of the L sub-packets. M is smaller than L. L sub-interleavers interleave the (L-M) sub-packets and the M flipped sub-packets. A concatenator concatenates the interleaved sub-packets to form an output packet.

Abstract: A wireless communication system and a terminal providing a wireless communication service and to a method by which a base station and a terminal transmit and receive data in an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (E-UMTS) evolved from universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) or a long term evolution (LTE) system, are disclosed. In transmitting RACH MSG 3 by a terminal to a base station, the terminal transmits the RACH MSG 3 by applying different cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) according to types of data included in the RACH MSG 3, to thereby reduce overhead of a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) included in the RACH MSG 3.

Abstract: A physical coding sublayer (PCS) transmitter circuit generates a plurality of encoded symbols according to a transmission standard. A symbol skewer skews the plurality of encoded symbols within a symbol clock time. A physical coding sublayer (PCS) receiver core circuit decodes a plurality of symbols based on encoding parameters. The symbols are transmitted using the encoding parameters according to a transmission standard. The received symbols are skewed within a symbol clock time by respective skew intervals. A PCS receiver encoder generator generates the encoding parameters.

Abstract: An error coding circuit comprises a non-systematic convolutional encoder for coding an input bit stream to produce two or more groups of parity bits, an interleaver circuit for interleaving parity bits within each group of parity bits, and a rate-matching circuit for outputting a selected number of the interleaved parity bits ordered by group to obtain a desired code rate.

Abstract: A wireless communication method implemented in a communication system may include receiving a data sequence to be permuted, and obtaining information associated with the data sequence to be permuted, the information containing at least a length of the data sequence and a sampling spacing for permuting the data sequence. The method may also include identifying a first portion of the data sequence having a first number of adjacent data items, and a second portion of the data sequence having a second number of adjacent data items. The method may also include accessing the first number of data items from the first portion at the sampling spacing, and placing the accessed first number of data items into a predetermined number of sub-blocks included within a permuted data sequence to be generated based on the received data sequence.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for enhancing reliability of information transmission by (a) establishing a matrix based on the length of bits of valid information in frame time slots; and creating a new matrix by presetting Error Correction Coding (ECC) for rows and columns of said matrix; (b) adopting the 1st Interleaving method to re-allocate bits which have been processed twice by using said ECC in said new matrix, to both ends of said frame time slots; and (c) adopting the 2nd Interleaving method to re-allocate the remaining bits in said new matrix to the middle of said frame time slots. After processed like this, the anti-interfering ability of the bits at both ends of TDMA frame time slot can be significantly enhanced, and the bit-error rate is decreased most, and all redundancy bits of Hamming codes can be arrayed at both ends of TDMA frame time slot.

Abstract: A transmission device in a communication system where a systematic code obtained by systematic encoding of information bits into which dummy bits are inserted and by deletion of the dummy bits from the results of the systematic encoding is transmitted. The transmission device inserts dummy bits into information bits based on an interleaving pattern of an interleaving portion in a turbo encoder; performs systematic encoding of the information bits into which the dummy bits are inserted, and then deletes the dummy bits from the results of the systematic encoding to generate a systematic code; and transmits the systematic code. By considering the interleaving pattern, original bit positions, which, after interleaving, exists within the ranges of stipulated numbers of bits at the beginning and at the end, are determined in advance, and the dummy bit insertion portion executes control so as not to insert dummy bits into the original bit positions.

Abstract: The disclosed technology provides systems and methods for encoding data based on a run-length-limited code and an error correction code to provide codewords. The codewords include RLL-encoded data that are produced based on the RLL code, and parity information that are produced based on the error correction code. The parity information is interleaved among the RLL-encoded data. In one embodiment, the codeword is produced by separately producing the RLL-encoded data and the parity information, and interleaving the parity information among the RLL-encoded data. In one embodiment, the codeword is produced by producing the RLL-encoded data, and using erasure decoding to compute the parity information.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for writing scrambled multi-value data to a physical media and for reading scrambled multi-value data from a physical media, are disclosed. The physical media can be an optical disk. The scrambling can be performed by a multi-valued LFSR scrambler and the descrambling can be performed by a multi-valued LFSR descrambler. Further, the multi-valued data that is scrambled can include synchronization data and/or user data. Error correction coding can be used during the writing process and processing to correct for errors can be used during the reading process. Also, methods and apparatus for synchronizing multi-valued data written to and read from physical media are disclosed. Multi-value correlation methods and apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: An extended deinterleaver the extended deinterleaver being responsive to at least one input signal, comprised of codewords, and operative to generate a deinterleaved output signal. The extended deinterleaver comprising a storage space organized into B number of appended storage branches, at least one appended storage branch having a storage branch and at least one element N, the received codewords being deinterleaved and buffered by the extended deinterleaver prior to being provided to the variable iteration decoder. Each appended storage branch further having a length that is extended by the length of N, N being at least one element, wherein as a codeword is provided to the variable iteration decoder, other codewords are provided to subsequent appended storage branches, and further wherein each appended storage branch, indexed by ‘b’, has a length of Lb+N, wherein Lb is the length of the storage branch prior to appending N.

Abstract: A method, medium, and apparatus hierarchically coding/decoding audio data, such as bit sliced arithmetic coding (BSAC), such that payloads of audio data and extension data can be grouped and interleaved according to priority so that some groups of the payloads are dropped, and the remainder of groups are transmitted. Therefore, extension data that is more important than a top layer of audio data, in terms of reproducing of original sounds, can be transmitted with priority.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting a signal using a bit grouping method in a wireless communication system is disclosed. Interleaved subblocks are maintained, and output bit sequences are modulated in due order after bit grouping and bit selection. The bit grouping method is advantageous in that bit reliability is uniformly distributed.

Abstract: In exemplary embodiments, a skewed interleaving function for iterative code systems is described. The skewed interleaving function provides a skewed row and column memory partition and a layered structure for re-arranging data samples read from, for example, a first channel detector. An iterative decoder, such as an iterative decoder based on a low-density parity-check code (LDPC), might employ an element to de-skew the data from the interleaved memory partition before performing iterative decoding of the data, and then re-skew the information before passing decoded samples to the de-interleaver. The de-interleaver re-arranges the iterative decoded data samples in accordance with an inverse of the interleaver function before passing the decoded data samples to, for example, a second channel detector.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for suppressing spurious spectral lines in a frame based bit-serial data stream, in which frames include payload data and frame markers. The apparatus includes means (16) for randomizing first frame marker elements (START) in a first position within each frame and means (18) for correlating second frame marker elements (STOP) in a second position within each frame with the randomized first frame marker element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for parallel structured Latin square interleaving in a communication system are provided. The method includes dividing input information bits into sub-blocks according to a parallel processing order, generating a first Latin square matrix or a second Latin square matrix by comparing the parallel processing order with a predetermined threshold, and interleaving by reading out the information bits divided into the sub-blocks according to the generated Latin square matrix.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for generating a read error during standard DVD disc manufacturing. The method generates a read error in an error correction code (ECC) block including a specific error generation data pattern, when main data of 2,048 bytes is generated using the specific error generation data pattern according to a DVD standard. The error-pattern original data is inserted into the main data that is scrambling based on a DVD standard. The scrambled data is recorded in data sectors. The scrambled data including an error pattern which causes a read error is consecutively recorded in the data sectors included in the ECC blocks, in a process in which the data sectors are grouped based on 16 units to form the ECC blocks.

Abstract: A system, method and node for unambiguous encoding of Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) channels in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) telecommunications system to remove detection errors. The method includes the step of modifying a size of a circular buffer by excluding at least one coded bit from the circular buffer. The circular buffer collects interleaved bits from a PDCCH payload having a plurality of bits. The PDCCH payload is encoded with a convolutional code. The bits of the PDCCH payload are then interleaved. The interleaved bits are collected into the modified circular buffer. The bits are then selected from the modified circular buffer for transmission.

Abstract: Transforming portions of a message to a destination via a communication protocol. A message is received. It is detected whether the received message includes an encoded envelope. The encoded envelope includes a stack defining parameters including information for handling the received message in an original format. If the received message includes the encoded envelope, the defined parameters are transformed to coded parameters in a common format. The coded parameters express the same information for handling the received message in the communication protocol. The encoded envelope is encapsulated in the received message, and the received message in the common format is delivered to the destination. If the received message does not include an encoded envelope, coded parameters are generated in the common format for the received message by encoding addressing information from the received message. The received message having the coded parameters in the common format is delivered to the destination.

Abstract: A method for communication includes encoding data using at least one Error Correction Code (ECC) to generate first and second output data streams. The first output data stream is processed to generate a first output signal, which has a first acquisition time. The second output data stream is processed to generate a second output signal, which has a second acquisition time that is smaller than the first acquisition time. The first and second output signals are transmitted simultaneously over a communication channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transmission device in a communication system in which a systematic code obtained by systematic encoding of information bits into which dummy bits are inserted and by deleting the dummy bits from the results of the systematic encoding is transmitted and, on the receiving side, the dummy bits which had been deleted on the transmitting side are inserted into the received systematic code, and then decoding is performed. In this transmission device, a dummy bit insertion portion decides the size of the dummy bits to be inserted into the information bits based on a specified code rate or based on the physical channel transmission rate, and uniformly inserts dummy bits of this size into the information bits; a systematic code generation portion performs systematic encoding of the information bits into which the dummy bits are inserted, and deletes the dummy bits from the results of the systematic encoding to generate a systematic code, which is transmitted.

Abstract: A decoding apparatus includes a memory and a receiving unit and is adapted to decode data in units of codewords each including a parity part. The memory has a storage capacity capable of storing at least data with a length equal to the length of one codeword. The receiving unit receives, as received values, elements of a codeword in a bit-interleaved form, performs bit deinterleaving and parity permutating on the received values, and stores the resultant received values in the memory.

Abstract: A method of feedback in a wireless transmit receive unit includes providing a precoding matrix index (PMI), error checking the (PMI) to produce an error check (EC) bit, coding the PMI and the EC bit and transmitting the coded PMI and EC bit.

Abstract: A pruned bit-reversal interleaver supports different packet sizes and variable code rates and provides good spreading and puncturing properties. To interleave data, a packet of input data of a first size is received. The packet is extended to a second size that is a power of two, e.g., by appending padding or properly generating write addresses. The extended packet is interleaved in accordance with a bit-reversal interleaver of the second size, which reorders the bits in the extended packet based on their indices. A packet of interleaved data is formed by pruning the output of the bit-reversal interleaver e.g., by removing the padding or properly generating read addresses. The pruned bit-reversal interleaver may be used in combination with various types of FEC codes such as a Turbo code, a convolutional code, or a low density parity check (LDPC) code.

Abstract: A pruned bit-reversal interleaver supports different packet sizes and variable code rates and provides good spreading and puncturing properties. To interleave data, a packet of input data of a first size is received. The packet is extended to a second size that is a power of two, e.g., by appending padding or properly generating write addresses. The extended packet is interleaved in accordance with a bit-reversal interleaver of the second size, which reorders the bits in the extended packet based on their indices. A packet of interleaved data is formed by pruning the output of the bit-reversal interleaver, e.g., by removing the padding or properly generating read addresses. The pruned bit-reversal interleaver may be used in combination with various types of FEC codes such as a Turbo code, a convolutional code, or a low density parity check (LDPC) code.

Abstract: In order to correctly perform error analysis, test, or the like, a 64B/66B converter of a PCS processing unit of a transmitter conforming to 10 GBASE-R PHY performs 64B/66B conversion on data on a block basis that is transmitted over four lanes, the block being formed of two columns. In the conversion, when a control signal inputted via a control signal input terminal indicates a normal operation mode, if an error code in a block to be converted is detected by an error detector, error expansion that replaces all 8 bytes of data in the block with an error code /E/ is performed. In contrast, when the control signal indicates an analysis mode, the error expansion is not performed even if an error code is detected by the error detector.

Abstract: A method and a system is provided for increasing reliability of data stored in storage segments by increasing redundancy data and by permitting user data to fit around defective locations in the storage segment. User data is compressed and reserved for a portion of a storage segment having a data size corresponding to an uncompressed size of the user data. The compressed user data is written to the reserved portion of the storage segment and a pad byte pattern is written to any remaining portion of the reserved portion of the storage segment. The remaining portion of the reserved portion of the storage segment is designated as unused.

Abstract: For transmission of a block of control information within a wireless network, the control information is interleaved to form an ordered set of control bits, wherein more important information bits of the control information are placed into a first portion of the ordered set of control bits, with less important information bits of the control information placed into a second portion of the ordered set of controls bits. The ordered set of control bits is encoded to form an encoded block of data. The encoded block of data is transmitted to a serving base station, wherein bits from the first portion of the ordered set of control bits will statistically have a lower bit error rate (BER) than bits from the second portion of the ordered set of control bits during transmission.

Abstract: Circuit, method, and computer program for reordering data units of a data block in accordance with a first pre-determined function. The method includes, for each data unit of the data block—(i) generating an address corresponding to a memory location of a single-port memory module into which the data unit is to be stored, and (ii) storing the data unit in the memory location based on the address generated for the data unit. Each address is generated in accordance with the first pre-determined function, and each memory location of the single-port memory has a different delay associated with the memory location. The method further includes reading each data unit out of the single-port memory in accordance with the first pre-determined function, wherein data units of the data block are reordered based on each different delay associated with each memory location.

Abstract: Decompressing a matrix having a plurality of redundant matrix rows by reading selected matrix rows including at least all non-redundant matrix rows of the matrix from a memory and computing remaining matrix rows of the matrix from the read matrix rows, wherein several matrix rows are computed simultaneously. The read and the computed remaining matrix rows are provided as the decompressed matrix to an output matrix register.

Abstract: A data-transmission control method is implemented when transmitting data after dividing the data into a plurality of blocks and performing error correction when performing data transmission. The method includes obtaining additional information indicating a result of error correction process of received data and a result of data transmission (ACK/NACK) from a reception station, and deciding a data length of data to be retransmitted when NACK is obtained as the result of data transmission so that a rate of occurrence of transmission errors upon retransmission is minimized, based on a number of blocks in which error correction has failed indicated by the additional information.

Abstract: A system, device and related method are used to communicate data via a plurality of data lanes including a selected data lane. In a first mode of operation, payload data and related supplemental data are communicated via the plurality of data lanes including the selected data lane. In a second mode of operation, only payload data is communicated via the plurality of data lanes, except the selected data lane.

Abstract: An information recording medium is provided that includes a data area for recording user data and a defect management area for recording a defect list for managing N number of defect areas existing in the data area, where N is an integer satisfying N?0. The defect list includes two or more blocks, and further includes a header located at a fixed position in the defect list and N number of defect entries, located subsequent to the header, including position information on the respective positions of the N number of defect areas. An anchor is located subsequent to the defect entries, and the header includes first update times information representing the number of times that the defect list has been updated. The anchor includes second update times information representing the number of times that the defect list has been updated.

Abstract: A transmission method includes generating a control information signal relating to control information of a data signal. A transmission frame is formed by repeating and discretely arranging the same control information signal. The data signal and the control information signal are transmitted using the transmission frame.

Abstract: Certain aspects of a method and system for dynamically adjusting forward error correction (FEC) rate to adapt for time varying network impairments in video streaming applications over IP networks may be disclosed. At a server side of a client-server communication system, a rate of transmission of forward error correction (FEC) packets to one or more clients may be dynamically adjusted based on receiving at least one upstream FEC packet from a plurality of clients. The rate of transmission of the FEC packets to the plurality of clients may be increased when a rate of occurrence of lost data packets is above a particular threshold value. The upstream FEC packets may comprise an urgent packet requesting transmission of a particular FEC packet in order to recover one or more particular lost data packets.

Abstract: In a frame sync method, a receiver searches for the presence of an N-symbol long unique word pattern. For each possible frame sync detected, the receiver proceeds to demodulation and FEC processing. After each iteration of the FEC decoder, the detected unique word pattern is compared to the expected one and the frame sync is detected if the number of unique word errors has decreased.

Abstract: Various embodiments herein include one or more of systems, methods, software, and/or data structures to test and evaluate unformatted optical media such as optical tape and optical discs. Advantageously, testing and evaluation can be performed earlier in the manufacturing process of the optical media to locate defects and/or other problems or issues with the optical media that can be addressed before additional manufacturing steps are performed and possible wasted. The systems and methods include at least two optical pickup units (OPUs), a first of which may be dedicated to writing digital data and the second of which may be dedicated to scanning, locating, tracking and/or reading the written data (when the optical media is moving in a first direction) in one of a plurality of manners. Information (e.g.

Abstract: An error correction encoding device is provided that combines redundancy data with source data, said device including: at least three encoding stages and at least two permutation stages. Each encoding stage implements at least one set of three basic encoding modules, in which a first encoding stage receives said source data and a last encoding stage provides said redundancy data. Each encoding module implements a basic code and includes c inputs and c outputs, c being an integer. The permutation stages are inserted between two consecutive encoding stages and each permutation stage implements a c-cyclic permutation.