Abstract: A build of a software solution that is cooperatively performed is automated. A broadcasting computing entity broadcasts a request to perform each of the functional operations in the selected set. Each of a plurality of listening computing entities connected to the network receives the request and determines capability of performing each of the functional operations in the selected set. After determining itself capable, a capable one of the plurality of listening computing entities transmits a response to the request indicating such capability, and then performs each of the functional operations in the selected set, thereby generating and transmitting to the broadcasting computing entity the output of the selected set of functional operations. The broadcasting computing entity then performs an action using the output of the functional operation received.

Abstract: A build of a software solution that is cooperatively performed is automated. A broadcasting computing entity broadcasts a request to perform each of the functional operations in the selected set. Each of a plurality of listening computing entities connected to the network receives the request and determines capability of performing each of the functional operations in the selected set. After determining itself capable, a capable one of the plurality of listening computing entities transmits a response to the request indicating such capability, and then performs each of the functional operations in the selected set, thereby generating and transmitting to the broadcasting computing entity the output of the selected set of functional operations. The broadcasting computing entity then performs an action using the output of the functional operation received.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and systems for parcel allocation. In one example embodiment, a system is disclosed including a server, one or more service points and a user application. In another example embodiment, a method for allocating parcels is disclosed including acts of communicating data to and from the server and the service point, comprising electronic tokens. In various embodiments, the communicated data to or from the service point and/or the server is received by and/or transmitted from a user application and a mobile smart device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) determine that at least one packet of a set of packets for a downlink message is unsuccessfully received at a radio link control (RLC) layer of the UE due to a specific situation of a set of specific situations and may transmit the NACK message based on the missing packet (s) on an as needed basis rather than waiting for a timer to expire (e.g., a fast NACK mechanism). In some examples, the specific situations may include the UE missing packets after a measurement gap, missing packets based on wake up latencies for a discontinuous reception mode of the UE, missing packets due to interference from reference signals transmitted by neighboring cells, missing packets due to the UE not decoding retransmissions that have a same redundancy version (RV) of a downlink message, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a base station can dynamically change a repetition transmission method as appropriate. In a base station (100), a repetition control unit (103) determines a data repetition pattern for a terminal (200). A transmission unit (109) repeatedly transmits data (repetition transmission) on the basis of the repetition pattern. The data repetition pattern corresponds to control information to be reported to the terminal (200) by dynamic signaling.

Abstract: A method performed by a master base station supporting a dual connectivity with a secondary base station in a wireless communication system is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for transmitting sidelink data. The method comprises: a terminal device determining a target resource and target data from among at least one sidelink transmission resource and at least one piece of data, wherein an HARQ feedback mode of the target data matches the target resource; and the terminal device sending, on the target resource, the target data. By means of the method, a terminal device can determine the reception of sidelink data on the basis of different HARQ feedback modes, thereby improving the flexibility of sidelink feedback.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed herein that enable a wireless communication device (WCD) and/or a network node to perform a recovery action(s) when a failure occurs during reception, at the WCD, of a segmented Radio Resource Control (RRC) message. Embodiments of a method performed by a WCD are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a WCD comprises receiving one or more segments of a segmented RRC message and determining that an error has occurred before a last segment of the segmented RRC message has been received. The method further comprises, upon determining that the error has occurred before the last segment of the segmented RRC message has been received, performing one or more recovery actions. In this manner, a situation where the WCD combines segments of a first RRC message with segments of a second RRC message is avoided and, hence, errors due to such combining are avoided.

Abstract: A method of reducing the bandwidth usage of a network comprises intercepting traffic between a TCP server and a TCP client using TCP protocols that use client acknowledgements; identifying client acknowledgements from the TCP protocols; identifying the sequence number of a last received client acknowledgements from the intercepted traffic; identifying the sequence number of a last sent client acknowledgement from the intercepted traffic; calculating an unacknowledged byte value based on the difference between the last received client acknowledgement sequence number and the last sent client acknowledgement sequence number; comparing the calculated unacknowledged byte value with a predetermined threshold value, to determine whether the calculated unacknowledged byte value is at least as great as the predetermined threshold value; and transmitting the identified client acknowledgements into the network when the compared unacknowledged byte value is at least as great as the predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: In a wireless local area network (LAN) system, a transmitting STA can encode at least one codeword on the basis of a plurality of data blocks. The transmitting STA can encode a second codeword on the basis of a first data block and a second data block that is continuous with the first data block, in response to a first data block transmission request signal from among the plurality of data blocks. The transmitting STA can transmit the encoded second codeword to a receiving STA.

Abstract: Provided is a management device or the like that can flexibly set a task cycle of a master device. The management device is a management device that manages a network including a master device and a slave device connected to the master device, and comprises: a transmission delay time prediction unit which predicts a transmission delay time on the basis of network configuration information and node information; a transmission delay time measurement unit which measures the transmission delay time in the network; and a transmission delay time setting unit which presents to the user, a predicted value predicted by the transmission delay time prediction unit and a measured value measured by the transmission delay time measurement unit, and sets a cycle setting transmission delay time for setting a task cycle in which the master device transmits a signal to the slave device, according to the selection operation of the user.

Abstract: Disclosed is an operating method of an encoder, which includes receiving a first bit stream including first to N-th bits, determining at least one symbol in the first bit stream, wherein the at least one symbol includes “M” consecutive bits each having the first bit value or the second bit value, and generating a first data packet including a first header and at least one packet symbol. The first header includes a least symbol address of a first symbol of the at least one symbol and an inverted value of a bit value of the first bit, a first packet symbol of the at least one packet symbol includes a bit value of the first symbol, a least symbol address of a second symbol of the at least one symbol, and an inverted value of a bit value of a next bit of the first symbol.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, a network node is configured to communicate with a wireless device (WD). The network node configured to, and/or comprising a radio interface and/or comprising processing circuitry configured to determine if a detected sequence meets one of an acknowledgement (ACK) criterion and negative-acknowledgement (NACK) criterion using at least one bias value where the at least one bias value is based at last in part on a type of service associated with the detected sequence.

Abstract: Improved techniques for recovering from an error condition without requiring a re-transmittal of data across a high-speed data link and for improved power usage are disclosed herein. A data stream is initiated. This stream includes different types of packets. Error correcting code (ECC) is selectively imposed on a control data type packet. A transmitter node and a receiver node are connected via a hard link that has multiple virtual channels. Each virtual channel is associated with a corresponding power-consuming node. When the receiver node receives the control data type packet, error correction is performed if needed without re-transmittal. When a final data type packet is transmitted for each virtual channel, the transmitter node transmits an end condition type packet. A corresponding power-consuming node that corresponds to the respective virtual channel transitions from an active state to a low power state.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for controlling data such as content and/or application data transmitted to one or more user devices. One method can comprise receiving a request for first content and generating, in response to the request for the first content, a first transport stream comprising the first content and application data relating to a first application. At least a portion of the first transport stream is transmitted to a recipient device. An interruption in the transmission of the first transport stream is detected and a determination is made that only a first portion of the application data has been transmitted to the recipient device. A second transport stream including second content and a second portion of the application data is generated and transmitted.

Abstract: An exemplary method for reading data stored in a flash memory includes: selecting an initial gate voltage combination from a plurality of predetermined gate voltage combination options; controlling a plurality of memory units in the flash memory according to the initial gate voltage combination, and reading a plurality of bit sequences; performing a codeword error correction upon the plurality of bit sequences, and determining if the codeword error correction successful; if the codeword error correction is not successful, determining an electric charge distribution parameter; determining a target gate voltage combination corresponding to the electric charge distribution parameter by using a look-up table; and controlling the plurality of memory units to read a plurality of updated bit sequences according to the target gate voltage combination.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a method in a mobility management node and such a node for delivering data to a wireless communication device (WCD) served by the mobility management node, operating in a communication network comprising a network entity (NE) and a radio access network (RAN) node serving the WCD, the method comprises: obtaining capability information indicating whether the RAN node supports acknowledgement of a successful delivery of data to the WCD; receiving a data message sent by the NE comprising user data intended for the WCD; sending a control plane message comprising the user data to the RAN node for further delivery to the WCD; sending a response to the NE indicating the outcome of the data delivery.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. An apparatus and a method performed by the same in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The method includes: receiving configuration information from a base station; and receiving a downlink signal from the base station based on the configuration information, the downlink signal including downlink data. The downlink data includes a unicast physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and/or a multicast/broadcast PDSCH, the unicast PDSCH includes a dynamically scheduled unicast PDSCH and/or a unicast semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) PDSCH, and the multicast/broadcast PDSCH includes a dynamically scheduled multicast/broadcast PDSCH and/or a multicast/broadcast SPS PDSCH. The present disclosure improves the efficiency of uplink or downlink transmission.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A first user equipment (UE) may receive and decode a network-coded message over a sidelink channel from a second UE, the network-coded message encoded using a rateless encoding algorithm. The first UE may report redundancy feedback information to the second UE for the network-coded message. Based on the feedback information, the second UE may adjust an amount of redundancy used to encode future messages to the first UE that are encoded using the rateless encoding algorithm.

Abstract: In the present invention, a user equipment (UE) receives an UL grant that can be used while the UE is not in RRC_CONNECTED state. If the UE receives a message indicating to leave RRC_CONNECTED state, the UE starts a time alignment timer (I-TAT) when the UE leaves RRC_CONNECTED state. The UE transmits UL data using the UL grant if the UL data becomes available for transmission when the UE is not in RRC_CONNECTED state and if the I-TAT is running.

Abstract: A communication system is designed to achieve high speed of periodic communication while ensuring reliability of communications. An access point and multiple stations are provided. A beacon cycle is set as a reference cycle and a communication period of N reference cycle is set for transmitting data to perform periodic communication. Successive communication periods are overlapped by an overlapping of M cycle which is shorter than the N cycle. The communication period has a normal transmission period and one or more cycles of retransmission period, and the normal transmission period of the next communication period overlaps the retransmission period of the previous communication period. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access method is used for communication between the access point and stations.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and circuitries are provided for supporting blind retransmission. In one example, a method includes processing control information that indicates resources for communication of a physical downlink shared channel or a physical uplink shared channel (PDSCH/PUSCH) transmission and timing information for a retransmission of the PDSCH/PUSCH. The method includes configuring operation to: receive the PDSCH/PUSCH transmission based on the resources; and determine that a subsequent PDSCH/PUSCH received at a subsequent time corresponds to the retransmission of the PDSCH/PUSCH when the subsequent time coincides with the indicated timing information for the retransmission and, in response combine the PDSCH/PUSCH with the retransmission in a HARQ buffer for decoding purposes.

Abstract: An approach for transmission provides a method of enabling Hybrid Automatic Request, HARQ, in an IEEE 802.11 communication. The method includes transmitting, in an element in a Block Acknowledgement, BA, setup of a Medium Access Control, MAC, message, which element indicates a request to use HARQ, receiving a response to said request, and starting to apply HARQ. The approach includes a network entity of a wireless network using IEEE 802.11. The network entity includes a transmitter arranged to transmit, in an element in a Block Acknowledgement, BA, setup of a Medium Access Control, MAC, message, which element indicates a request to use HARQ, a receiver arranged to receive a response to said request, and a communication handler arranged to start to apply HARQ.

Abstract: A system selects a telemetry allocation for the transmission of data from multiple transmitters. An allocation matrix defines a split ratio for data generated by a data source that is split between transmitters. The split ratio is defined for each data source of a plurality of data sources. (A) A storage buffer model is executed based on the allocation matrix to simulate a buffer that stores data from each data source that exceeds a download bandwidth value. (B) Performance parameter values are stored in association with the allocation matrix. (C) The allocation matrix is updated to redefine at least one split ratio. (D) (A) through (C) is repeated with the allocation matrix replaced with the updated allocation matrix until each unique permutation of values for the split ratio is processed. An allocation matrix is selected from allocation matrices stored in (B) based on the plurality of performance parameter values.

Abstract: Devices and techniques for accelerated packet processing are described herein. The device can match an action to a portion of a network data packet and accelerate the packet-processing pipeline for the network data packet through the machine by processing the action.

Abstract: A receiver is described which receives data from a transmitter. The data is included in a data block which includes at least one code block, and the code block has a plurality of parts. A first part of the code block is used for estimating a decodability of the code block at the receiver. The first part of the code block is arranged in the data block ahead of the remaining one or more parts of the code block. The receiver estimates, prior to receiving the entire data block, the decodability of the code block using the first part of the code block.

Abstract: The present invention provides a storage device including a controller and methods for operating the storage device and the controller. A controller of a storage device may comprise: an interface controller; a memory controller; a processor configured to transmit downstream commands and upstream commands to the memory controller. The memory controller may be coupled between the interface controller and the processor and may comprise: a first command queue; a second command queue; and a racing handler.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising instructing a sender to transmit a first packet data unit to a receiver on a first active bandwidth part of a carrier at a first transmission time; determining a delay and a second bandwidth part of the carrier based on a switching rule; wherein the switching rule defines that the second bandwidth part is different from the first bandwidth part; and the method further comprises instructing, if the sender is instructed to transmit the first packet data unit, the sender to transmit a second packet data unit to the receiver on the second active bandwidth part at a second transmission time after the delay after the instructing to transmit the first packet data unit has elapsed.

Abstract: A user equipment communicates with a first user equipment or a base station apparatus, the user equipment including a receiving unit configured to receive a synchronization signal or a reference signal used in sidelink transmitted from the first user equipment; a control unit configured to measure a channel state of sidelink, based on the synchronization signal or the reference signal; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit, to the base station apparatus or the first user equipment, information indicating the channel state of sidelink.

Abstract: A wireless communication device and a communication method for header repetition are described. The device and method receive and decode a wireless packet through a communication channel. Formats of the wireless packet includes a first packet format and a second packet format. In this regard, the first packet format comprises a first header field carried by a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol while the second packet format comprises both the first header field carried by the first OFDM symbol and a second header field carried by a second OFDM symbol which follows the first OFDM symbol. The second header field is a repetition of the first header field. According to an exemplary embodiment, the second packet format is distinguished from the first packet format by detecting, from the received wireless packet, the second header field which repeats the first header field.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, and computer readable medium for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). A method in a terminal device comprises: receiving a scheduling message from a network device, the scheduling message including information on HARQ feedback, wherein the information on HARQ feedback indicates at least one of: a processing identification for HARQ feedback and the accumulated number of scheduling messages that have been transmitted for the terminal device or the processing identification; detecting data from the network device according to the scheduling message; and transmitting HARQ feedback to the network device based on the information on HARQ feedback.

Abstract: Aspects are provided which allow for a base station to transmit code blocks according to a frequency first per layer (FFPL) mapping, and for a UE to decode received code blocks according to the FFPL mapping. The base station maps a plurality of code blocks to multiple layers, where each of the code blocks is mapped to a plurality of resource elements initially by frequency and subsequently by time on only a single layer of the multiple layers. The base station then transmits data including the code blocks to a UE. Afterwards, the UE receives the data including the mapped code blocks in multiple layers from the base station, and the UE decodes the code blocks based on the mapping. Thus, improvements in link efficiency, reliability, and reduced power consumption compared to frequency first (FF) mapping approaches may be achieved.

Abstract: In a wireless local area network system, a receiving STA may receive a PPDU. The receiving STA may check information related to an STA identifier and/or information related to a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) operation. The receiving STA may perform one of the HARQ operation and an automatic repeat request (ARQ) operation on the basis of at least one of the information related to the STA identifier and the information related to the HARQ operation.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communications apparatus, to provide a solution for processing a conflict between uplink resources. The method includes: a terminal device obtains a first uplink resource, where the first uplink resource is used to send a first service. The terminal device obtains a second uplink resource, where the second uplink resource is used to send a second service, and the first uplink resource and the second uplink resource completely or partially overlap in a time domain. The terminal device determines a target uplink resource to be used in the time domain, where the target uplink resource is the first uplink resource or the second uplink resource. The terminal device sends data on the target uplink resource in the time domain.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for wireless positioning. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) performs a plurality of positioning measurements of a corresponding plurality of positioning reference signal (PRS) resources within a measurement window, wherein the measurement window spans at least one system frame number (SFN) rollover, and transmits, to a location server, at least one measurement report associated with the measurement window, the at least one measurement report including a plurality of timestamp information elements corresponding to the plurality of positioning measurements, wherein at least one timestamp information element of the plurality of timestamp information elements indicates the at least one SFN rollover.

Abstract: Coverage of a power-limited mobile terminal is enhanced by sending information relating to a single Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process from the mobile terminal to a base station using several transmission time intervals.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and device for use in wireless communication nodes. A first node receives first information; receives a first signaling; transmits X first-type radio signals, X being a positive integer greater than 1; and transmits second information, the second information comprising Y first-type information bit(s), Y being a positive integer; the first information is used to determine the second information; only the Y first-type information bit(s) comprised in the second information is(are) used to indicate whether at least one of the X first-type radio signals is correctly received; a target receiver of any of the X first-type radio signals is different from a target receiver of the second information. The method in the present disclosure effectively avoids the frequent reporting of the UE under the working mode of the base station controlling resource allocation, thus reducing the signaling overhead and retransmission delay of Uu Interface.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and computer-readable media for facilitating a multiple bit new data indicator are disclosed herein. An example method for wireless communication at a first device includes transmitting a first state of a multiple bit new data indicator (NDI) for a first packet. The example multiple bit NDI indicates more than two different states for indicating a new packet. The example method also includes transmitting the first packet. Additionally, the example method includes transmitting a second state of the multiple bit NDI for a second packet, and the second state being different than the first state. Further, the example method includes transmitting the second packet.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve a CDN utilizing a Direct Server Return (DSR) request command to create a tunnel from one content server to another content server of the CDN. Through the DSR tunnel, a request for content may be served from a content server that is more advantageous for the CDN for any number of reasons, such as from a content server that is logically closer to the content server. In determining when a DSR tunnel is created to provide the content, the CDN may access a database storing various information concerning the CDN, such as the location of egress gateways of the CDN in relation to one or more content servers, connecting network location information, the capabilities of one or more content servers, and/or load information of available content servers.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and system for supplemental processing of recorded historical data in real time to fill in gaps of lost data. A user who may be monitoring the data from human interfaces can immediately recognize an issue, quickly change one or more settings for parameters (including changing one or more of the parameters), and replay for reprocessing the recorded data to provide a revised output that can catch up to the processing of later current data without needing to halt operations. In at least one field of use, the invention can eliminate the need for restarting a complete drilling process to resynchronize the surface system when the system is not able to demodulate a valid bitstream, saving time and maintaining high drilling efficiency.

Abstract: A build of a software solution that is cooperatively performed is automated. A broadcasting computing entity selects a selected set of functional operations from one or more sets of functional operations associated with the software solution and then broadcasts a request to perform each of the functional operations in the selected set. Each of a plurality of listening computing entities connected to the network receives the request and determines capability of performing each of the functional operations in the selected set. After determining itself capable, a capable one of the plurality of listening computing entities transmits a response to the request indicating such capability, and then performs each of the functional operations in the selected set, thereby generating and transmitting to the broadcasting computing entity the output of the selected set of functional operations. The broadcasting computing entity then performs an action using the output of the functional operation received.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method, the method including: identifying, utilizing a message reminder system, at least two messages transmitted by a sender to at least one recipient; determining, utilizing the message reminder system, at least one of the at least two messages did not receive a response; and providing a notification indicating the at least one of the at least two messages needs a response. Other aspects are claimed and described.

Abstract: A method for Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) feedback indication includes: determining to send current downlink data to a terminal; generating uplink HARQ feedback indication information for the current downlink data, wherein a timing relationship between a time domain unit of downlink data for the terminal and a time domain unit of an uplink HARQ feedback of the downlink data includes a set of first timing relationships and a set of second timing relationships, and the set of first timing relationships is a subset of the set of second timing relationships; and sending to the terminal the current downlink data and downlink control information (DCI) carrying the uplink HARQ feedback indication information. A terminal to realize dynamic HARQ feedback can be realized by a terminal.

Abstract: A method for a receiver, the method comprising receiving a first plurality of blocks transmitted by a transmitter using first communications resources, determining that at least one of the first plurality of blocks was not received correctly, in response to determining that at least one of the first plurality of blocks was not received correctly, transmitting to the transmitter a first negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication that at least one of the first plurality of blocks was not received correctly, the NACK indication not indicating which of the first plurality blocks was not received correctly, receiving a subset of the first plurality of blocks retransmitted by the transmitter in response to the NACK indication using second communications resources, and after receiving the subset of the first plurality of blocks, determining whether all of the first plurality of blocks have been received correctly.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of wireless communication includes receiving, by a mobile communication device during a first cycle, a periodic grant via a first carrier of a plurality of carriers, monitoring, by the mobile communication device during a next cycle after the first cycle, for configured grants (CGs) for multiple carriers of the plurality of carriers based on the periodic grant, and receiving, by the mobile communication device during the next cycle after the first cycle, a first transmission in a first CG of the CGs via a second carrier of the plurality of carriers and a second transmission in a second CG of the CGs via a third carrier of the plurality of carriers. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a method and device in UE and a base station for channel coding. A first node first determines a first bit block and then transmits a first radio signal, wherein bits of the first bit block are used to generate bits of a second bit block, a third bit block comprises bits of the second bit block and the first bit block, and the third bit block is used to generate the first radio signal. The first bit block, the second bit block and the third bit block comprise P1, P2 and P3 bits, respectively.

Abstract: A multicarrier-based data transmission method and an apparatus for use in a mobile communication system are provided. A Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) reception method of a terminal in a wireless communication system supporting inter-evolved Node B (eNB) carrier aggregation includes receiving cell information on at least one activated cell under control of an eNB, configuring first and second RNTIs allocated by the eNB, monitoring the at least one activated cell for the first RNTI, and monitoring a primary cell among the at least one activated cell for the second RNTI.

Abstract: Example implementations include a method, apparatus and computer-readable medium of wireless communication, including receiving a configuration of one or more downlink control information (DCI) formats to include a single bit for a redundancy version field. The implementations further include receiving a radio resource control (RRC) message indicating selectable redundancy versions. Additionally, the implementations further include detecting a DCI based on the one or more DCI formats including the single bit for the redundancy version field, the DCI scheduling a transmission. Additionally, the implementations further include selecting a redundancy version from the selectable redundancy versions based on the single bit. Additionally, the implementations further include encoding or decoding the transmission based on the redundancy version.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present disclosure are a method for multiplexing on a feedback resource, a terminal device, a network device, a chip, a computer readable storage medium, a computer program product and a computer program, the method comprising: determining a granularity for multiplexing feedback information; the granularity for multiplexing being used for characterizing the time domain range of a multiplexing window for multiplexing the feedback information, and being used for multiplexing the feedback information of at least two downlink transmissions on the same feedback resource in the multiplexing window; and the time domain range being one of the following: a complete time slot, a non-complete time slot, or N symbols, N being an integer greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: A method for performing link management of a memory device in predetermined communications architecture with aid of handshaking phase transition control and associated apparatus are provided. The method may include: utilizing at least one upper layer controller of a transmission interface circuit to turn on a physical layer (PHY) circuit of the transmission interface circuit, for starting establishing a link between a host device and the memory device; before entering a first handshaking phase, utilizing the PHY circuit to receive any first incoming data sent from the host device to determine whether the any first incoming data indicates that the host device is in a corresponding first handshaking phase; and in response to the any first incoming data indicating that the host device is in the corresponding first handshaking phase, utilizing the PHY circuit to send first outgoing data that is equal to first predetermined data to the host device.