Abstract: One embodiment relates to a method of communicating data between a transmitter and a receiver of a communication system. In this method, a payload data stream is received from a network interface layer. The payload data stream includes data units eligible for retransmission and data units non-eligible for retransmission. These data units are grouped into containers, where a container is associated with a container identifier that distinguishes the container from other containers. The containers are grouped into data transmission units, where a data transmission unit includes at least one container along with redundancy information that facilitates error detection for that data transmission unit. The data transmission units are transmitted to the receiver as a transmission data stream. Other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for handling messages on a mobile device. A system and method could be configured to receive at a mobile device a message that is associated with a message expiry indicator. If a message expiry indicator is determined to be associated with the received message, then the received message is removed from the mobile device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: prepare a transmission of a no-acknowledgement message to be conveyed to a node, when a part of a transport block has been received erroneously or an indication of inadequate quality of at least part of the transport block has been obtained.

Abstract: A receiving terminal is provided that prevents a load on a network near a receiving terminal from increasing when a retransmission request is made to a plurality of other terminals, and enables the probability of being able to compensate for a lost packet by means of a retransmission packet to be increased.

Abstract: A method for data storage includes storing data, which is encoded with an Error Correction Code (ECC), in a group of analog memory cells by writing respective first storage values to the memory cells in the group. After storing the data, respective second storage values are read from the memory cells in the group, and the read second storage values are processed so as to decode the ECC. Responsively to a failure in decoding the ECC, one or more of the second storage values that potentially caused the failure are identified as suspect storage values. Respective third storage values are re-read from a subset of the memory cells that includes the memory cells holding the suspect storage values. The ECC is re-decoded using the third storage values so as to reconstruct the stored data.

Abstract: A memory includes a nonvolatile memory cell array, and a memory control circuit which carries out writing of data to and reading of data from the memory cell array in access units of N bits where N is an integer equal to 2 or greater. The memory cell array includes a rewritable area in which both writing of data and reading of data are permissible, and a read-only area in which writing of data is prohibited and reading of data is permissible. The rewritable area is configured so that the N bits constituting one access unit contain both actual data and an error detection code. The read-only area is divided between an actual data area in which the N bits constituting one access unit contain actual data, and an error detection code area in which the N bits constituting one access unit contain error detection codes.

Abstract: A method and a device for data processing in a network having a first network element and a second network element performs the following steps: (a) the second network element provides a control information to the first network element; (b) a portion of data sent from the first network element to the second network element is identified by the control information; and (c) upon identification of the portion of data a retransmission from the first network element to the second network element can be initiated.

Abstract: In a Zigbee network, reliable communications are provided by maintaining messages transmitted from a device in a message queue in the device. If no successful acknowledgement is received for a transmitted message, the message is re-transmitted when the message queue executes. Messages are deleted from the queue when the message is successfully transmitted or when a maximum number of re-tries has been exhausted.

Abstract: A method and system for recording a media file, include a recorder and a player. The recorder receives in real time a first content of the media file; stores the first content in a recorded media file; and determines that the recorded media file includes a hole. The player plays in real time the recorded media file including the hole. The recorder then receives a second file data packet which includes a second content of the media file to fill the hole, and stores the second content in the recorded media file. The recorded media file can be replayed with the filled hole. During the replay, more content of the media file is played than during the first play.

Abstract: Adaptive error resilience for packet transmission over a network is provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises encoding a plurality of video packets using a first encoder into a set of encoded video packets, wherein the set of encoded video packets encapsulates the plurality of video packets using a first header; transmitting the set of encoded video packets; encoding the plurality of video packets using a second encoder into a set of repair packets, wherein the set of repair packets encapsulates at least a portion of the plurality of packets using a second header; and transmitting the set of repair packets.

Abstract: Provided are a method for emotion communication to share a user's emotions between an emotion signal sensing device and an emotion service providing device. The method for emotion communication includes: the emotion signal sensing device's sensing biological and environmental information of the user and generating an emotion signal and emotion information of the user based on the biological and environmental information; establishing an emotion communication connection with the emotion service providing device; transmitting the emotion signal and the emotion information to the emotion service providing device by the emotion communication connection establishment; and breaking the connection with the emotion service providing device.

Abstract: A method for data storage includes storing data, which is encoded with an Error Correction Code (ECC), in a group of analog memory cells by writing respective first storage values to the memory cells in the group. After storing the data, respective second storage values are read from the memory cells in the group, and the read second storage values are processed so as to decode the ECC. Responsively to a failure in decoding the ECC, one or more of the second storage values that potentially caused the failure are identified as suspect storage values. Respective third storage values are re-read from a subset of the memory cells that includes the memory cells holding the suspect storage values. The ECC is re-decoded using the third storage values so as to reconstruct the stored data.

Abstract: A method, node, and system are provided that overcome problems with using inaccurate estimates of a current round trip time RTT for verifying the ACK/NACK information received in an ACK/NACK report, e.g., a piggy-backed ACK/NACK (PAN). This is accomplished by de-coupling the RTT from the ACK/NACK analysis performed in the sending node that receives the ACK/NACK report. As a result, unnecessary re-transmissions are avoided, communication delays are decreased, and spectrum and other system resources are used more efficiently.

Abstract: A method capable of reducing a required capacity of a retry buffer of a link device when the link device transfers real-time data to a link partner through the PCIe interface determines how to resend a packet required by the link partner according to the type of the packet. When the packet is a data packet, the method determines if a pending data packet exists in a pending transmission data buffer. When the pending data packet exists in the pending transmission data buffer, the link device directly transmits the pending data packet to the link partner. When the pending data packet does not exist in the pending transmission data buffer, the link device transmits a dummy packet to the link partner. In this way, the retry buffer only requires enough capacity to store the dummy packet and buffer the command data packets.

Abstract: A system and method for permuting known and unknown message bits before encoding to provide a beneficial rearrangement of bits. Such a method can improve distance properties in the resulting subcode. In various embodiments, the structure of a beneficial rearrangement is dependent on the parameters of how known and unknown bits are grouped and on the specific type of code being used. Given these two parameters, the message bits can be rearranged to more efficiently leverage any apriori knowledge.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining a successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding ordering in a multiple input multiple output transmission (MIMO) system with retransmissions. A plurality of codewords is transmitted in a current transmission time. Some of the codewords may have been previously transmitted in previous transmission attempts according to a retransmission protocol. The plurality of codewords is received and an ordering metric is computed for a received codeword based on channels associated with multiple transmission attempts of the codeword. A decoding ordering of the codewords is determined based on the computed ordering metric. Performance parameters such as Packet Error Rate (PER), channel gain, and/or equalizer-output Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) may be used to evaluate a channel quality for each one of the transmission attempts of the codeword. The ordering metric may be updated recursively with each transmission attempt.

Abstract: A networked firmware management system is operable to manage firmware in one or more target devices by receiving one or more firmware target specifications from one or more target devices, the firmware target specifications each identifying a firmware target in the target device. The server stores the one or more received firmware target specification, associated with the one or more firmware targets in the target device. When the server receives a firmware update, the server matches a firmware attribute of the received firmware update against the one or more firmware target specifications stored in the server, and sends the received firmware update to any firmware targets in the target device having a firmware target specification that matches the received firmware update attribute.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product is provided for mitigating the effects of burst noise on packets transmitted in a communications system. A transmitting device applies an outer code, which may include, for example, a block code, an exclusive OR (XOR) code, or a repetition code, to one or more packets prior to adaptation of the packets for transmission over the physical (PHY) layer of the communications system, wherein the PHY layer adaptation may include FEC encoding of individual packets. The outer coded packets are then separately transmitted over a channel of the communications system. A receiving device receives the outer coded packets, performs PHY level demodulation and optional FEC decoding of the packets, and then applies outer code decoding to the outer coded packets in order to restore packets that were erased during transmission due to burst noise or other impairments on the channel.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to network data communication. Some embodiments include initiating a network connection between an original source and an ultimate destination, transmitting a block of data from the original source to the ultimate destination on the network, requesting retransmission of lost blocks from the ultimate destination to the source and retransmitting the lost blocks from source to the ultimate destination. These embodiments further include measuring round-trip time of a retransmit request, the round-trip time measured from a time of transmission of a retransmit request from the ultimate destination to a time of reception at the ultimate destination after retransmission from the original source and setting the round-trip time as a minimum retransmission request time for the network connection, wherein the round-trip time includes latencies of the network connection and in data processes at the original source and at the ultimate destination.

Abstract: A method for data communication between a base station and at least one transponder by a high-frequency electromagnetic carrier signal is disclosed, onto which information packets are modulated, whereby each information packet has a header section, a middle section, and an end section and whereby the middle section has a data field for the transmission of data and/or address information and a protection field placed thereafter for the correction of errors in the transmission of the data and/or address information, whereby after the data field the base station inserts at least one control field, by which the protection field following the inserted control field can be changed in such a way that the duration of an information packet is set variably. The invention relates further to a base station for carrying out this method, to a data communication system containing a base station and at least one transponder in communicative wireless contact with the base station.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed wherein a user equipment (UE) receives control information on a first channel and uses the control information to process a second channel.

Abstract: A method and system for acknowledging multiple frames in a communication network is provided. A receiver detects transmission of frames from a transmitter. The receiver determines a format for an acknowledgment frame comprising multiple bytes, from multiple frame acknowledgment formats for reporting status of reception of the frames by the receiver. The receiver reports the status of reception of the frames by encoding a distance between a number of frames between two successive correctly received frames, between two successive unsuccessfully received frames, between a correctly received frame and a successive unsuccessfully received frame, or between an unsuccessfully received frame and a successive correctly received frame, in the acknowledgment frame. One or more of the frame acknowledgment formats are configured to generate the acknowledgment frame for acknowledging the frames using a decreased number of bytes.

Abstract: A wireless telecommunications network supplies a semi-persistent resource that a wireless station can use for special purposes (such as a retransmission of packets for ARQ purposes or a control signal. The semi-persistent resource can be allocated by the system to other terminals if, e.g., a retransmission is not required. Since a retransmission is generally performed in response to a NACK received from a base station, the NACK may itself serve as a token that permits the wireless station to use the semi-persistent allocation. Thus, the technology includes, e.g., a method for resource allocation on a semi-persistent basis and efficient signaling for the usage of such allocation.

Abstract: A system and method of increasing data throughput in a wireless communications network between a base station (BS) and one or more mobile stations (MS) includes establishing a service flow (SF) and initially enabling a hybrid automated repeat request (HARQ) protocol; determining, at a particular time, the measure of quality of the communications channel; comparing the determined measure of quality with a predetermined channel quality threshold; and selectively disabling the HARQ protocol based upon a first comparison result while continuing the SF between the BS and MS. In other aspects, after selectively disabling the HARQ protocol, the method further includes determining that the time-varying measure of quality of the communications channel has deteriorated below the predetermined channel quality threshold; and selectively re-enabling the HARQ protocol in the established SF.

Abstract: A method for transmitting an uplink signal at a User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes receiving, from a Base Station (BS), an uplink scheduling grant for multi-antenna transmission; transmitting the uplink signal precoded using precoding information included in the received uplink scheduling grant to the BS; and retransmitting the uplink signal to the BS according to Acknowledgment/Negative Acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) corresponding to the transmitted uplink signal. The retransmitted uplink signal is precoded using precoding information included in a most recent uplink scheduling grant or a predetermined precoding matrix if an uplink scheduling grant for the retransmission is not received from the BS.

Abstract: A method for fast and efficient data downloading in wireless communications. The method includes ways to download file data of a large size from a server (access point) to a user's client (mobile device) at high speed and efficiency by using both mmWave wireless communication and conventional wireless communication (WiFi, 3G, etc.). A server transmits packetized file data to a client. The file data is transmitted as data packets via mmWave. In parallel, the server transmits check packets (roll-call packets) corresponding to the data packets. As a test at the time of establishing links, the latency for each communication line is measured. The receiver side, upon completion of receiving the check packets, checks whether their corresponding mmWave packets have arrived. If any corresponding mmWave packet has not arrived, it is determined that the mmWave packet has been lost and a retransmission request is immediately returned to the server via WiFi.

Abstract: A user equipment comprises a transmitter and an adaptive modulation and coding controller. The transmitter is configured to transmit data over an air interface in a single transmission time interval with a first specified modulation and coding scheme, where the single transmission time interval has a plurality of transport block sets. In response to receiving a repeat request for retransmission of at least one particular transport block set, the transmitter retransmits the at least one of the particular transport block sets. The adaptive modulation and coding controller is configured to change the specified modulation and coding scheme to a second specified modulation and coding scheme, enabling a combining of a particular transport block set transmitted at the first specified modulation and coding scheme with a retransmitted version of the particular transport block set transmitted at the second specified modulation and coding scheme.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and method for wireless communication are provided. In certain embodiments, a plurality of fragments of a MAC management message is transmitted. Each fragment includes a sequence number indicating an order of the fragments, and at least one of the fragments includes a transaction ID identifying the MAC management message with respect to other messages.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for data management through timer compensation in a wireless communication system are provided. In the method, when a data loss occurs at a first point, whether a data loss has occurred previously and so whether a timer is being driven are determined. Whether the driven timer stops or expires at a second point is determined. When the timer stops or expires at the second point, a timer value is compensated for with consideration of a time difference between the first point and the second point. A timer for the data loss of the first point is restarted based on the compensated timer value. Therefore, a delay of a retransmission request time for lost data in an RLC (Radio Link Control) layer may be minimized.

Abstract: Systems and methods for transfer of data including establishing two separate connections, the two separate connections including a high speed connection and a high integrity connection. Blocks of data are exchanged over the high speed connection while the high integrity connection facilitates communication of descriptor data regarding data received over the high speed connection. As such, the data transfer speed of the high speed connection is utilized while communication via the high integrity connection allows for data reliability features not provided by the high speed connection.

Abstract: A communication device (100) for communicating in accordance with a hybrid automatic repeat request protocol, the communication device (100) comprising a receiving unit (102) adapted for receiving a communication message including soft-bit values, the soft-bit values representing reliability information for received verification data verifying proper transmission of the communication message, a storage unit (104) adapted for storing the soft-bit values, and a storage management unit (106) adapted for dynamically managing storage of the soft-bit values in the storage unit (104) so that soft-bit values failing to fulfill at least one relevance criteria are not maintained in the storage unit (104).

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for the repair of IP multicast sessions. A repair server polls multiple transmit servers to accumulate as many of the packets missing from the multicast session as possible. A network includes a source of multicast packets in a multicast session and a plurality of multicast recipients in that session. A repair server in the network provides the packets it receives to the recipients. The repair server includes a missing packet detector. There is a plurality of retransmit servers in the network buffering portions of the packets they respectively receive during the session. The repair server maintains an ordered list of the retransmit servers that are most likely to have buffered copies of packets missing from the session. When the repair server detects that there are packets missing from the session it has received, it uses the ordered list to sequentially request the missing packets from respective ones of the plurality of retransmit servers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in a first communication device of receiving control information over a radio channel from a second communication device. The first communication device receives a subframe over the radio channel, and determines whether the subframe is a downlink subframe with downlink assignment intended for the first communication device by reading data in the subframe. That being the case, the first communication device decodes data within the subframe, and determines whether any data packet being sent from the second communication device before the subframe has been missed by analyzing an indicator associated to the subframe in the data. The indicator provides knowledge about previous downlink subframes with downlink assignment intended for the first communication device.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system including a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) which transfers data to a Node-B, data transmission parameters such as modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and transport block set (TBS) size are dynamically adjusted on a transmission time interval (TTI) basis, and hybrid-automatic repeat request (H-ARQ) processes used to control the transfer of data between the WTRU and the Node-B are initiated and released, as required. The WTRU transmits and retransmits data to the Node-B through an enhanced uplink (EU) dedicated channel (E-DCH) in accordance with data feedback information received from the Node-B. The WTRU queues data for transmission, and determines a transmission status of the data. The transmission status is set to one of “new transmission,” “successful transmission,” “retransmission” and “restarted transmission.” For each TTI, the WTRU initiates an EU transmission to the Node-B which identifies the assigned H-ARQ process, TBS size and MCS.

Abstract: A data retransmission method for retransmitting a data using a wireless communication, including: receiving data transmitted from a transmitting apparatus; determining whether the received data is correct or not; transmitting data including information indicating that the received data is received correctly to the transmitting apparatus upon being determined the received data is correct, and transmitting data including information indicating that the received data is not received correctly to the transmitting apparatus upon being determined the received data is not correct; measuring an elapsed time from transmission of the data including information indicating that the received data is not received correctly; and monitoring whether to receive data corresponding to the received data from the transmitting apparatus before the elapsed time reaches a predetermined time.

Abstract: Techniques to increase capacity in a wireless communications system. In an aspect, systematic non-transmission, or “blanking,” of minimal-rate frames transmitted in a communications system is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, eighth rate frames in a cdma2000 voice communications system are systematically substituted with null-rate frames carrying zero traffic bits. Provisions are nevertheless made for the transmission of certain designated as “critical” by, e.g., a vocoder. The receiver detects the presence of null rate or non-null rate transmissions and processes the received frames accordingly, including updating an outer loop power control only in response to non-null rate frames. Further techniques for changing the pilot transmission gating pattern to assist the receiver in detecting null rate frames are provided. In another aspect, early termination of a signal transmission over a wireless communications link is provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for effectuating LSP recovery in an IS-IS router. When a standby router processor (RP) module of the IS-IS router is activated, at least one CSNP packet is generated by the newly activated RP module based on its link state database. The CSNP packet is then transmitted on all point-to-point links and all broadcast links supported by the IS-IS router.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an information processing apparatus includes: a receiving unit that receives a fragment packet; an extracting unit that extracts checksum information of which packet has not been subjected to the fragmentation process, and causes the checksum information to be stored in a checksum storage unit; a calculating unit that performs a checksum calculation on each of the plurality of received fragment packets, integrates a calculation result of each fragment packet, and causes an integrated calculation result to be stored in a calculation result storage unit; and a determining unit that determines whether or not there is an error in a packet obtained as a result of combining based on the integrated calculation result stored and the checksum information stored.

Abstract: Disclosed are a wireless communication base station device, a wireless communication terminal device, and a wireless communication method with which the amount of signaling is reduced while maintaining a high scheduling gain. A judgment unit (117) stores in advance a correspondence between the number of code words and the number of clusters to reduce the maximum value for the number of clusters allocated to each terminal as the number of code words increases, and thus determines the maximum value for the number of clusters based on the number of code words acquired.

Abstract: The invention provides a scheduling of data blocks on multiple data carriers and a selection of data carrier to listen to. A transmitting unit simultaneously transmits, during a communication session with at least one participating receiving unit, at least a first data block on a first data carrier and a second data block on a second data carrier. The receiving unit selects which of these data carriers to listen to, i.e. whether to receive the first or second data block, based on a reception quality of a previously received data block. Furthermore, at least one of the first and second data block is based on information common to the data block and the previous data block, e.g. the first or second data block could be re-transmitted version of the previous block.

Abstract: A memory controller and method of operating same are described. The memory controller includes a central processing unit providing re-transmission control signal, an error check block determining whether an error exists in data received from a host and generating a corresponding error check signal, and a re-transmission request unit receiving the control signal and the error check signal, communicating a request to the host for an error-correcting re-transmission operation when an error exists in the received data, and communicating a request for an extending re-transmission operation when error does not exist in the received data.

Abstract: A transmission controlling method for a wireless communication system wherein a plurality of data blocks can be transmitted from a sender apparatus having a plurality of sending antennas to a receiver apparatus, the transmission controlling method including on the sender apparatus, sending process information which prevent plurality of data blocks from competing to the receiver apparatus with a control channel; and on the receiver apparatus, combining, based on the process information, the data block received already and a re-sent data block.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present disclosure control whether or not certain protocol stack operation are performed in a hardware (HW) protocol stack accelerator based on ARQ/HARQ re-transmission rate. Latency penalties associated with using the HW accelerator are typically higher than the data movement overhead when this data does not need to be processed by the HW accelerator, such as when a re-transmission error occurs. According to certain embodiments, the HW accelerator is activated if the ARQ/HARQ re-transmission rate is below a threshold value. Otherwise, if the ARQ/HARQ re-transmission rate is above a threshold, at least a portion of the HW accelerator may be de-activated, which may reduce overhead associated with moving data between the protocol stack and the HW accelerator.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for automatic retransmission and error recovery for packet oriented point to multipoint communication, which integrates adaptive and dynamic responsiveness for parameters for automatic retransmission using wireless communication, are provided. A wireless communication link is divided into a downstream portion and an upstream portion. Parameters are selected for automatic retransmission independently for the downstream portion and the upstream portion of the wireless communication link. A BSC controls the selection of parameters for automatic retransmission for all CPE within a cell. As part of a TDD frame, in which the BSC and the CPE share communication bandwidth using a TDMA technique, the BSC includes its selection of parameters for automatic retransmission to be used by CPE within a control section of the TDD frame.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for communicating and utilizing persistent allocation of resources are described herein. A base station may allocate persistent resources to a client station, and may associate the client station or persistent resource allocation with a particular shared NACK channel. The base station may monitor the NACK channel for a NACK indicating a map error. The base station may monitor the resource allocation to implicitly determine a map error. The base station may resend one or more persistent resource allocation information elements in response to the NACK or implicit error determination. A client station having a persistent resource allocation may monitor persistent resource allocation information elements in map messages and/or may indicate failure to receive a persistent resource allocation information element in a NACK message on a shared NACK channel.

Abstract: The subject matter disclosed herein provides an outer coding framework for minimizing the error rate of packets. In one aspect, the method may include determining, based on a cyclic redundancy check, a first erasure table including zero or more erasures; determining a second erasure table; using the first erasure table to locate errors in a frame of packets, when the zero or more erasures of the first erasure table do not exceed a threshold of erasures; and using the second erasure table to locate errors in the frame of packets, when the one or more erasures of the first erasure table do exceed the threshold of erasures. The frame may include the one or more rows encoded using the outer code. The block that is read may be provided to enable an inner code to encode the block before transmission. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for error corrected data transmission using an error detection and retry scheme. Data frames are sent from a transmitting chip to a receiving chip either formatted as PHITs or combined, compressed, and formatted as ePHITs. The ePHIT formatting includes hashing one or more CRC with a sequence number that is generated in the receiver. Upon error detection, a retry operation may retransmit the data in a different format than the original transmission.

Abstract: A wireless reception apparatus (200) for a wireless communication system which transmits, between an MBS transmission apparatus and MBS reception apparatus, multiple transport blocks (TB) coded by error correction coding at the physical layer or at both the physical layer and the data link layer. In the wireless reception apparatus (200), a feedback condition judgment unit (208) transmits feedback information to the MBS transmission apparatus when a reception judgment unit (206) detects errors in L or more TBs out of an N-number of TBs (N is a natural number while L is a natural number less than N) that constitute the beginning portion of any MAC FEC blocks where the beginning TB has been identified. In the wireless communication apparatus (100), the link adaptation unit (114), based on the feedback information from the wireless communication apparatus (200), adjusts the physical layer transmission parameters used for the TBs in the physical layer processing unit.

Abstract: A method in a wireless communication system that includes a user equipment, an anchor network station and at least one assisting network station, where the user equipment transmits the same data to the network stations and the network stations each transmit an acknowledgement of the data to the user equipment in response. The at least one assisting network station also forwards the data to the anchor network station.

Abstract: Provided are a Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) encoder and an encoding method of the same. The PUSCH encoder includes a plurality of encoding units and a channel interleaving unit interleaving the data transferred from the plurality of encoding units. Herein, the respective encoding units perform encoding operations on different data. The PUSCH encoder is configured to perform the respective encoding operations in parallel. In accordance with the PUSCH encoder and the encoding method thereof, the encoding operations are performed on different data in parallel to reduce latency, leading to an increase in processing speed of a codec system. Furthermore, the increase in processing speed of the codec system results in the improvement of performance and throughput per unit hour in a data communication system.