Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a first chip and a second chip arranged on a substrate, the first chip outputs first time stamp data and first trace data in which a time stamp value is associated with a first execution result obtained by executing software, the second chip outputs second trace data in which a difference value with a marker is associated with a second execution result obtained by executing the software, the second execution result obtained by the second chip executing the software is associated with a third time stamp value calculated based on a second time stamp value and the difference value in a debugger.

Abstract: A software development accelerator tool having an automatic extract, transform and load accelerator is described that can be employed for building, testing, deploying and managing software applications and services. Employ the accelerator can include selecting software development operations from a multiplicity of preconfigured existing operations; ordering operations as part of a configuration; determining whether dependencies are met for operations before processing the configuration; generating a batch ID to track the processing; and performing operations in the order specified in the configuration.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a fault monitoring system comprising a fault logic circuit having a fault logic input adaptable to be coupled to sensor inputs, and first and second fault logic outputs. The fault logic circuit compares a plurality of data values provided by respective sensor inputs to respective fault thresholds, and provides respective fault signals at the first fault logic output responsive to a fault event in which a respective data value exceeds its respective fault threshold. A timer has a timer input coupled to the reset output, and a timer output. A data register has a first data register input coupled to the write control output, a second data register input coupled to the timer output, and a data register output. The data register receives fault data that includes an event identifier, a timer value, and a timer expiration indicator.

Abstract: A log output method and system for a server, and a computer-readable storage system and a server. The method includes: after a server is powered on, determining whether a debugging switch in BIOS settings of the server is enabled (S101); if so, initializing a serial port function and making a debugging function take effect (S102); reading a printing function value in the debugging function (S103); if the printing function value is a first preset value, printing log information by means of the serial port function (S104); and if the printing function value is a second preset value, turning off a log output function (S105). The method is conducive to quickly locating a fault abnormality of a server, thereby reducing the server debugging and modification time.

Abstract: The disclosed system produces synthetic signals for testing machine-learning systems. During operation, the system generates a set of N composite sinusoidal signals, wherein each of the N composite sinusoidal signals is a combination of multiple constituent sinusoidal signals with different periodicities. Next, the system adds time-varying random noise values to each of the N composite sinusoidal signals, wherein a standard deviation of the time-varying random noise values varies over successive time periods. The system also multiplies each of the N composite sinusoidal signals by time-varying amplitude values, wherein the time-varying amplitude values vary over successive time periods. Finally, the system adds time-varying mean values to each of the N composite sinusoidal signals, wherein the time-varying mean values vary over successive time periods.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus and method having processing circuitry, and trace circuitry having a trace buffer; write pointer storage, and a call depth counter, wherein the trace circuitry generates trace data processing first event activities: modify the call depth counter in a first direction, store first trace data indicative of the first event, and modify the write pointer to point to a next location in the trace buffer; in response to a second event, when the call depth counter is not equal to a threshold call depth, to: modify the call depth counter direction and the write pointer to point to a previous location in the trace buffer; and in response to the second event, when the call depth counter is equal to the threshold call depth, to store second trace data indicative of the second event in the trace buffer at the current location.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure facilitates characterizing operation of software applications having large number of components. In one embodiment, a digital processing system receives a first data indicating invocation types and corresponding invocation counts at an entry component for multiple block durations, where the entry component causes execution of internal component of the software application. The system also receives a second data indicating values for a processing metric at the internal components for the same block durations. The system then constructs for each internal component, a corresponding component model correlating the values for the processing metrics at the internal component indicated in the second data to the invocation types and invocation counts of the entry component indicated in the first data. The component models can aid in the performance management of the software application.

Abstract: Example aspects include techniques for implementing peer group evaluation for comparative anomaly. These techniques may include determining a candidate group including a plurality of component metrics, and determining that the plurality of component metrics are a peer group based at least in part on a cluster profile of the candidate group and the candidate group exhibiting peer-like behavior of a period of time. In addition, the techniques may include detecting anomalous activity based at least in part on first performance information of a component metric deviating from second performance information for the peer group, and providing a notification of the anomalous activity.

Abstract: A secure performance monitoring unit of a processor includes one or more performance monitoring counters and a secure group manager. The secure group manager is configured to receive a request to create a secure counter group from a software (SW) process being executed by a processor, the request including identification of the one or more counters; determine availability of the one or more counters, creating the secure counter group, assign the one or more counters to the secure counter group, and save a public key of the SW process, when the one or more counters are available; receive and save a private key for the secure counter group; receive a request to configure the secure counter group from the SW process; verify the configuration using the public key of the SW process; and begin sampling of the one or more counters when the configuration is verified.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves systems, software, and computer implemented methods for efficiently accessing shared operators in database query plans. One example method includes identifying a query plan tree that represents a query plan for a database query. A node identifier of each node of the query plan tree is initialized to a default node identifier value and a global node identifier counter for the query plan tree is initialized. The query plan tree is traversed including determining whether a node identifier of a current node equals the default node identifier value. If the node identifier of the current node equals the default node identifier value, the current node is processed, the node identifier of the current node is set to a current value of the global node identifier counter, and the global node identifier counter is incremented. Otherwise processing of the current node is skipped.

Abstract: Components are assembled in an industrial machine together with a controller. The components each include a unique identification information memory portion and a component-side configuration history memory portion. The unique identification information memory portion stores, as unique identification information, identification information of the component itself, which is providable to the controller. The component-side configuration history memory portion stores configuration histories that each summarize, in terms of an acquisition timing from the controller, the unique identification information of the component itself, controller identification information of the controller that was used to configure the industrial machine together with the component itself, and unique identification information of other ones, than the controller, of the components, which were also used to configure the industrial machine together with the component itself.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining candidate causes of a user experience degradation includes a data collection agent to collect inventory data associated with a managed computer system, a change recording system to process the inventory data and determine any changes and to record change records including time-stamps, an alert detection system to detect alerts (alarms and sensors) including time-duration information and storing alert records, an analysis module to select alert records based on whether the alert, using the time-duration information, occurred in a predetermined lookback period, and identify, for each selected alert records, corresponding change records that precede in time the selected alert records. A user reporting interface outputs the identified change records as the candidate causes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for conditional quality of service in a processor. For example, one embodiment of a processor comprises: a plurality of processor resources to be allocated to a plurality of executed processes in accordance with a set of quality of service (QoS) rules; and conditional quality of service (QoS) circuitry/logic to monitor usage of the plurality of processor resources by the plurality of processes and to responsively modify an allocation of a first processor resource for a first process in response to detecting a first threshold value being reached in a second resource allocated to the first process.

Abstract: Systems and methods that enable hardware memory error tolerant software systems. For instance, the system may comprise a host device that instantiates a kernel agent in response to one or more requests to access hardware memory, determines, by the kernel agent based on the received information, whether the request to access memory will cause access to a corrupt memory location, and skip an operation associated with the corrupt memory location in response to determining that the request will access a corrupt memory location. The systems may also include a system that detects software vulnerabilities to hardware memory errors.

Abstract: A system may receive a request from a user to build a custom application specific to an operating system (OS) platform. The system may include an application gateway and the custom application may be a user-customized variation of an application gateway client. The system may prepare a build request and send it to a bonding client running on a work station specific to the OS platform. The bonding client may execute build scripts with user-provided configuration information to create the custom application. Instead of submitting the custom application to a third-party digital distribution platform, the bonding client may store the custom application in a storage location accessible by the system. The system, responsive to the request from the user, may send a response to the computing device, the response containing a link to the storage location of the custom application.

Abstract: A method of remote device diagnosis and mitigation includes receiving a signal indicative of an intermittent technical state of a first device. Immediately responsive thereto, the method includes interrogating the first device for parameters. The method includes interrogating the first device for the parameters at a third time outside receipt of the signal. The parameters include a transient parameter present at a first time of the intermittent technical state and not present a second time following the first time. The method includes recording the parameters from the first time in a first data file and the parameters for the third time in an additional data file. The first data file is compared with the additional data file to identify a difference in a parameter indicative of a cause of the intermittent technical state. The method includes remotely implementing a change on the first device to mitigate the cause.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments described herein are related to techniques for automatically generating narratives about data based on communication goal data structures that are associated with configurable content blocks. The use of such communication goal data structures facilitates modes of operation whereby narratives can be generated in real-time and/or interactive manners.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for automatic translation of ladder logic to a SMT-based model checker in a network comprising defining (10) the topology of the network as an enriched network topology based on packets exchanged in the network, extracting (20) a program from the packets relating to a PLC in the network and identifying inputs, outputs, variables and a ladder diagram of the PLC, translating (30) the inputs, outputs, variables and ladder diagram into a predefined formal model, wherein the predefined formal model is a circuit-like SMT-based model checker, and wherein the translating (30) comprises translating the set of data types of the program according to a predefined model set of data types of the circuit-like SMT-based model checker, translating the inputs of the PLC as model inputs of the circuit-like SMT-based model checker of the same type, translating the outputs of the PLC as model output latches of the circuit-like SMT-based model checker of the same type, translating the vari

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for tracking application usability. In some embodiments, a usability tracker listens for input events associated with the application broadcast by an operating system on which the application is being executed. The usability tracker captures data associated with the input events. Moreover, the usability tracker transmits the data associated with the input events to a central hub. The central hub aggregates and displays the data associated with the input events on a dashboard.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to methods that include initializing, by a computer in a computer system, an event counter that includes a plurality of sub-counter groups, each plurality of sub-counter groups including at least two sub-counters located on different nodes of a plurality of nodes in the computer system. In response to an occurrence of an event associated with the event counter, the method may include the computer selecting a particular sub-counter group of the plurality of sub-counter groups to update, and sending, to sub-counters corresponding to the particular sub-counter group, a request to update a sub-counter value for the particular sub-counter group. In response to a request for a current count value of the event counter, the method may include outputting, by the computer, a sum of the sub-counter values for the plurality of sub-counter groups as the current count value.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for automatically generating events. In some embodiments, a server receives a request to subscribe to an event type for an application. The server identifies an entity in a data model corresponding to the event type. The entity is associated with application data of the application. Furthermore, the server subscribes to receive alerts associated with any change to the entity in the data model. The server receives an alert indicating a change to the entity in the data model. The alert includes the change to the entity. Moreover, the server generates an event corresponding to the event type based on the change to the entity and transmits the event to an event infrastructure.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products provide a build system that may automatically adjust to changes in the performance of a build operation. According to some embodiments, a multiplier is determined for a build system. The multiplier may be associated with a performance of the build system. A duration associated with a build operation performed by the build system is adjusted in view of the multiplier.

Abstract: Methods and systems for automatically generating validation scripts for software applications are disclosed. A computing device may receive a first application. The computing device may compare the first application to a plurality of stored applications. The computing device may determine a second application among the plurality of stored applications based on the comparing. The computing device may determine a first validation script associated with the second application. The computing device may automatically generate a second validation script for the first application based on the first validation script and a result of a comparison of the first application and the second application. The computing device may validate the first application using the second validation script.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed to identify users associated with device application usage. A disclosed example method involves obtaining demographics of persons to participate in a panel for an audience research study, identifying a set of applications to be monitored, providing devices associated with the persons in the panel with a meter to record usage of the applications and with a user-to-application associator, the user-to-application associator to define associations between the applications to be monitored and the persons associate with the device before the applications are launched, receiving data from a first one of the devices identifying a first one of the persons as a primary user of a first one of the applications in the set of applications, receiving data from the first device identifying usage of the first application, and associating the demographics of the first person with the usage of the first application.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus that successively activates a plurality of modules, comprises a first module, a second module, and a third module. The first module activates the second module which has been verified, and the second module activates the third module which has been verified. The first module includes verification information used for verifying both of the second module and the third module, verifies the second module using the verification information and verifies the third module using the verification information.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information processing device ranks one or more security measures technologies to be ranked. The information processing device includes processing circuitry configured to operate as an influence information obtaining unit, a requirements information obtaining unit and a ranking unit. The influence information obtaining unit obtains influence information indicating correspondence between the one or more security measures technologies and an influence on a system when each of the one or more security measures technologies is introduced into the system. The requirements information obtaining unit obtains requirements information indicating system requirements of the system. The ranking unit ranks the one or more security measures technologies based on a degree of satisfaction of the system requirements indicated in the requirements information, using the requirements information and the influence information.

Abstract: A value profiling method, system and computer program product that leverages a guarded storage facility. During code execution, a first instruction is loaded. The first instruction has a first value designating a first region of memory and the first instruction is related to a first section of the code. A determination is made as to whether a guarded mode is enabled at the first region. Responsive to an enabled guarded mode at the first region, a secondary operation is triggered. The secondary operation is in addition to a primary operation of the first instruction. The primary operation is relative to the first region of the memory. The secondary operation causes a profiling of the first section of the code.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for orchestrating data center resources and user access to data. In some examples, a system can determine, at a first time, that a user will need, at a second time, access to data stored at a first location, from a second location. The system can identify a node which is capable of storing the data and accessible by a device from the second location. The system can also determine a first service parameter associated with a network connection between the device and the first location and a second service parameter associated with a network connection between the device and the node. When the second service parameter has a higher quality than the first service parameter, the system can migrate the data from the first location to the node so the device has access to the data from the second location through the node.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for visualizing and configuring controller function sequences.

Abstract: Execution flows of a program can be characterized by a series of execution events. The rates at which these execution events occur for a particular program can be collected periodically, and the execution events statistics can be utilized for both training a machine learning model, and later on for making classification inferences to determine whether a program run contains any abnormality. When an abnormality is encountered, an alert can be generated and provided to supervisory logic of a computing system to indicate that an abnormal program flow has been detected.

Abstract: A detector detects physical quantities relating to an operation of a vehicle air-conditioning device at a predetermined sampling frequency to generate groups of time-series data items. A volatile tracking memory has a work area to which the groups of time-series data items for a tracking period is writable. A record holding power accumulator supplies, to the tracking memory, power used for holding in the work area the groups of time-series data items. A writer sequentially overwrites the groups of time-series data to the work area of the tracking memory and stops overwriting of the groups of time-series data items to the work area when an abnormality occurs in the vehicle air-conditioning device.

Abstract: Monitoring a performance of one or more computing systems includes configuring, by at least one processor, a sampling window for sampling exceptions data generated by at least one application instance being executed by a computing device, the exceptions data indicating an occurrence of at least one operation performed by the application instance. Configuring the sampling window comprises determining a number of exceptions generated for a prior sampling window, determining a computing bandwidth that is available for monitoring the exceptions, and controlling a sampling rate of the sampling window based on the number of exceptions and the computing bandwidth. The monitoring includes receiving, during the sampling window, the exceptions data generated by the at least one application instance, sampling, based on the sampling rate, the exceptions data, and generating, based on the sampling, summary data representing the exceptions data.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device including memory banks and a data bus management circuit and a host coupled to the memory device. The host includes a memory controller detecting at least one trigger initiated by at least one application for performing at least one operation on data stored within the memory device, the at least one operation including at least one of a data copy operation, and a data processing operation, and performing the at least one operation on the data within the memory device by enabling movement of the data between the data bus management circuit of the memory device and at least one memory bank of the memory banks, without exchanging the data with the host, using at least one buffer fill command and at least one buffer copy command.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program for handling inbound events on a technology network may include ingesting an inbound event from a connector, interfacing with one of different technology systems on the technology network, extracting a data element or a technology asset from the inbound event, and searching a database storing a new or existing inventory of technology assets in the technology network with respect to the data element or the technology asset. When the technology asset is extracted, a relationship between the technology asset and a record in the database is created. When the data element is extracted, a match between the data element and a record in the database is determined. When the match equals or exceeds a first predetermined threshold, the record in the database is enriched. When the match is less than a second predetermined threshold, a new technology asset in the database is created.

Abstract: Techniques for runtime metrics based test ordering in a computer system are described herein. An aspect includes determining a first runtime metric associated with a first module based on the execution of a first test case. Another aspect includes determining a second runtime metric associated with a second module based on the execution of a second test case. Another aspect includes comparing the first runtime metric and the second runtime metric. Another aspect includes determining an order of a plurality of test cases based on the comparison of the first runtime metric and the second runtime metric. Another aspect includes executing the plurality of test cases in the determined order.

Abstract: A method securely executing an extensible firmware application is performed by a computer apparatus. The computer apparatus includes a firmware volume and a boot loader. The firmware volume includes a firmware application module to be executed, has passed a security check, and is attached with a secure encryption signature. The boot loader is attached with a first valid digital signature, and is verifiable by a secure boot certificate signature database of the computer apparatus. When the firmware application module is executed, the boot loader or the secure boot certificate signature database of the computer apparatus first verifies a secure encryption signature of the firmware volume, and the boot loader then loads the firmware application module to a buffer memory for further reading and execution, such that execution of the firmware application module is allowed and is executed securely in a secure boot mode under supervision of the boot loader.

Abstract: A method of remote device diagnosis and mitigation includes receiving a signal indicative of an intermittent technical state of a first device. Immediately responsive thereto, the method includes interrogating the first device for parameters. The method includes interrogating the first device for the parameters at a third time outside receipt of the signal. The parameters include a transient parameter present at a first time of the intermittent technical state and not present a second time following the first time. The method includes recording the parameters from the first time in a first data file and the parameters for the third time in an additional data file. The first data file is compared with the additional data file to identify a difference in a parameter indicative of a cause of the intermittent technical state. The method includes remotely implementing a change on the first device to mitigate the cause.

Abstract: An embedded information system includes a load control circuit coupleable to an external memory that contains instructions and constant data (organized by variable sized load units, LUs, and where at least one property of a LU is specified within metadata) associated with application code of a software application, at least one processor configured to execute the at least one application code; an internal memory configured as main system memory in a first part and as a cache for storing the instructions and constant data for an execution of the at least one application code from the external memory in a second part. The load control circuit is configured to load the LUs associated with the at least one application code from the external memory with a granularity of a single LU into the internal memory.

Abstract: Example methods disclosed herein to determine whether a first monitored device is compromised include determining a first entropy value for the first monitored device based on a first number of unique event identifiers included in log entries obtained for the first monitored device, the log entries associated with a first time window. Disclosed example methods also include determining a second entropy value for the first monitored device based on numbers of unique event identifiers included in corresponding groups of log entries obtained for respective ones of a plurality of monitored devices including the first monitored device, the groups of log entries associated with the first time window. Disclosed example methods further include determining whether the first monitored device is compromised based on the first entropy value and the second entropy value, and performing an action in response to a determination that the first monitored device is compromised.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes accessing a loaded but paused source process executable and disassembling the source process executable to identify a system call to be instrumented and an adjacent relocatable instruction. Instrumenting the system call includes building a trampoline for the system call that includes a check flag instruction at or near an entry point to the trampoline and two areas of the trampoline that are selectively executed according to results of the check flag instruction. Building a first area of the trampoline includes providing instructions to execute a relocated copy of the adjacent relocatable instruction and return flow to an address immediately following the adjacent relocatable instruction. Building a second area of the trampoline includes providing instructions to invoke at least one handler associated with executing a relocated copy of the system call and return flow to an address immediately following the system call.

Abstract: Examples described herein include systems and methods for providing user flow insights on a graphical user interface (“GUI”) for application process implementations across a network. The GUI can visualize successful and unsuccessful implementations of processes of an enterprise application. This can help administrative users more quickly identify issues with the application, which can report user flow information to a server. The GUI can present a first visual overlay comparing successful and unsuccessful user flows over specified time periods. Groups of successful and unsuccessful user flows can be displayed on top of one another for immediate relative visualization. Additionally, user flows can be grouped according to application processes and summarized in a second visual overlay. The second visual overlay can represent all user flows for an application process and be accompanied by a table of user flow entries, which may be expanded to reveal discrete events defining individual user flows.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include generating code from a database query and providing a framework to develop complex data structures and the functions that access those data structures outside of the generated code to access the complex data structures. These data structure functions can be precompiled in order to save compilation time at query runtime, and linked to the generated code in a way that the framework can still inline function calls and apply various optimizations on the linked code.

Abstract: Implementing processor instrumentation in a processor pipeline includes determining a pipeline depth of each micro-operator for an instruction group used in an execution phase of the processor pipeline. The pipeline depth corresponds with a duration of execution, each micro-operator performs a type of functional operation in the execution phase, and the instruction group includes all the micro-operators required for the execution phase. A targeted micro-operator is identified for which the processor instrumentation is being performed, and the pipeline depth corresponding with the targeted micro-operator is used to determine and report a performance of the targeted micro-operator as part of the processor instrumentation. Problems indicated by the processor instrumentation are diagnosed and addressed based on the performance of the targeted micro-operator.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for scheduling data operations for a given query based upon a query-cost model that analyzes the cost of scheduling data operations based upon their operation cost and the type of resources needed for the operation. In an embodiment, a database server receives a set of operations for a query. The database server determines a set of leaf operation nodes from the set of data operations, where the set of leaf operation nodes includes operation nodes that do not depend on the execution of other nodes within the set of data operations. The database server compares operation costs between the leaf operation nodes to determine which leaf operation node to insert into a scheduled order set. The database server inserts the leaf operation node into the scheduled order set. Then the database server iteratively determines new leaf operation nodes and performs cost analysis on remaining leaf operation nodes to generate a set of scheduled data operations.

Abstract: A computer processing node is described that is configured to perform a control flow integrity (CFI) method on a protected process operating on the processing node. The CFI method includes intercepting a system call originating from execution of the protected process executing in the runtime environment. A fast path operating within a kernel of the computer system accesses, from a kernel memory, a processor trace packet corresponding to the system call. The fast path attempts to establish a match between the processor trace packet and a program control flow (edge) entry within a credit-labeled control flow graph (CFG) definition having an associated credit value. The credit value represents a degree to which the program control flow is credible.

Abstract: In some examples, additional content is provided with the main content of a content item presented on an electronic device. For instance, an occurrence of an event may call for presentation of an additional content portion concurrently with the main content of the content item. The additional content portion may interact with other additional content portions, the main content portion, and/or user inputs. In some cases, the additional content portion can be implemented by one or more plug-in modules having designated roles for providing respective different types of additional content. Accordingly, some examples provide a cross-platform module that receives events, selects one or more plug-ins in response to a received event, and causes the one or more plug-ins to perform a desired action for rendering and compositing additional content portions or features to be presented with the main content of a content item.

Abstract: A system and method for automatic instrumentation of mobile applications is presented. Mobile applications are typically executed in mobile runtime environments or operating system that is restricted compared to their conventional counterparts. Those restrictions include features that allow one to examine and modify code of application during the runtime of the application. Those features that are used by instrumentation based monitoring systems dedicated for conventional applications are thus not available for the instrumentation of mobile application. The system and method allow automatic instrumentation in a static way, either by persistently placing instrumentation code into mobile applications or by persistently adapting mobile applications in a way to perform a static instrumentation on application startup.

Abstract: Processor trace systems and methods are described. For example, one embodiment comprises executing instrumented code by a compiler, the instrumented code including at least one call to un-instrumented code. The compiler can determine the at least one call to un-instrumented code is a next call to be executed. A resume tracing instruction can be inserted into the instrumented code prior to the at least one call to the un-instrumented code. The resume tracing instruction can be executed to selectively add processor tracing to the at least one call to the un-instrumented code, and the at least one call to the un-instrumented code can be executed.

Abstract: A synchronous operation method receives a call request from program code executing on an execution engine. The program code has an associated event loop handling asynchronous event calls and callbacks within the program code. Handlers of the event loop associated with the asynchronous event calls and the callbacks within the program code, except a handler of the event loop associated with the synchronous operation method, are temporarily disabled. The synchronous operation method performs an operation specified within the call request, while the event loop is running with the handlers in question temporarily disabled. The synchronous operation method, upon completion, calls back its handler with results of performance of the operation, and the disabled handlers are reenabled.

Abstract: An apparatus, for a first loop included in a program code, determines whether an inner loop is included in the first loop. When the inner loop is included in the first loop, the apparatus determines whether a processing code other than the inner loop is included in the first loop. When both the inner loop and the processing code other than the inner loop are included in the first loop or when no inner loop is included in the first loop, the apparatus adds a performance measurement code for conducting performance measurement of the first loop to the program code.