Abstract: A rough rolling process for forming a beam blank for a universal beam from a flat slab, comprises the steps of making a triangular slit of a predetermined apical angle in each of longitudinal side edges of said flat slab and gradually deepening said slit with the apical angle thereof fixed; and widening the slit after the depth of said slit has reached a predetermined value.

Abstract: At least one head on a roller forming machine can be fixed at any of several different positions along the length of its frame. A line shaft extending along the frame has a bevel pinion for each head, meshing with a driven bevel gear on the head, to drive forming rollers on the head. Each bevel pinion comprises a front two-part pinion member and a rear two-part collar member. Each two-part member has a coaxial bore through it, and its two parts, held together by clamping screws, separate on a plane containing its axis. The bore through the pinion member has a sliding fit on the line shaft, that through the collar member has an interference fit, and the opposing surfaces of the collar member parts are taken down so that the collar member tightly clamps the line shaft. In the front surface of the collar member and the opposing rear surface of the pinion member are radially extending keyway grooves in which keys are received whereby the collar member constrains the pinion member to rotate with the line shaft.

Abstract: A wire rolling mill in block form, a so-called wire block, with driving bevel gears which are disposed on a longitudinal shaft and can be selectively coupled by means of clutches with the line shaft and with slow speed supplementary drives for each driving bevel gear, each such supplementary drive becoming operational as the associated driving bevel gear is disengaged, so that shut-down drive lines for inoperative rolls are kept in rotating motion. The supplementary drives are engaged by means of axially slideable driving wheels, more particularly driving wheels of bevel gear construction, which mesh with the driving bevel gears in driving connection only when the associated clutch is disengaged.

Abstract: A rolling line for billets, bars, wire rod or the like, e.g. a roughing line has one or more rolling stands each having three or more driven rolls which are adjustable towards and away from the work material by a worm drive and a screw. The rolls are brought progressively closer together before each pass of the work material, whose cross section is thereby reduced with corresponding elongation. The direction of rotation of the rolls is reversed between each pass, unless two stands for rolling in opposite directions are provided in which case it is possible for the stands to be continuously driven but alternately operative. The work material is turned about its axis through half a roll pitch angle between each pass.

Abstract: It was discovered that a rolling mandrel holding a hollow which is rolled in a multistrand mill should be advanced in a particular manner that relates to the stretching the hollow undergoes in the first and second stand, as well as to the speed of the unrolled hollow. A velocity profile has been developed accordingly.

Abstract: The set of horizontal rolls or the set of horizontal and vertical rolls of a universal stand, especially a finishing stand for universal rolling of rails or like sections has, in addition to the finishing grooves, grooves other than universal or finishing grooves, preferably edging grooves.

Abstract: A method for rolling rails is provided wherein the final rolling operation includes processing of a rail blank in a leader pass universal mill stand and in a finishing pass universal mill stand. Both mill stands have horizontal rolls that form two roll passes, one of which is the leader roll pass and the other is a finishing roll pass. The rolls or the entire mill stands are interchanged from a previous location in a mill train to use an unused roll pass at the previous location, thereby doubling the roll life and eliminating the need to manipulate or otherwise handle the rail blank for passes in the mill stands.

Abstract: A rolling mill and method for rolling material having a rectangular, oval or like elongated cross-sectional configuration into rod or wire, has a line of passes of which the first pass is formed by two rollers and the remaining passes are each formed by three rollers, and wherein the first pass deforms the material, whose input cross section has a ratio of the lengths of its major and minor principal axes greater than about 1:2 to an output cross section which is exactly round or a regular polygon, such as square or hexagonal or which deviates from such a geometrical configuration only to an extent such that the ratio of the lengths of the major and minor principal axes of the output cross section does not exceed about 1:2.

Abstract: In a multi-stand stretch-reducing tube-rolling mill, the stands at the entry end forming a first group are driven from a main motor and an auxiliary motor and the remaining stands forming a second group are driven from the main motor and a separate auxiliary motor, the corresponding rotational speeds derived from the main motor and one or other of the auxiliary motors being added by means of a planetary gear in a summing transmission. A single stand between the two groups can be driven from the main motor only. The separate auxiliary motor at the entry end enables control over the tube elongation (or compression) to be effected over a shorter tube length, and thereby more accurately.

Abstract: A tandem rolling mill train for rolling metal plate or sheet includes a plurality of crossed-roll type rolling mill stands. The work rolls on at least two of the crossed-roll type rolling mill stands are respectively slanted in opposite directions so that the widthwise shear deformation developed on the upstream crossed-roll type stand is reduced by the widthwise shear deformation caused on the downstream crossed-roll type stand.

Abstract: The hot strip mill includes a pair of coilers immediately downstream of and adjacent the finishing train. The coilers are vertically aligned and on opposite sides of the pass line. The strip coming out of the last finishing stand is immediately coiled in one of the vertical coilers, while the other vertical coiler may simultaneously be uncoiling and directing a previously rolled strip along the runout table to a coiler at the end of the runout table.

Abstract: In the reduction of the cross section of wire, rods or bars by rolling, the work material is placed under longitudinal compression in a roughing block and/or in an intermediate block and is only under tension in a finishing block. By this means, the ends of the work material are thinned prior to entry into the finishing block, instead of being thickened as they would be if the work material were under tension in the roughing and/or finishing block. Compensation for this end thinning is effected in the finishing block due to the rolling under tension, so that wastage due to cropped thickened ends is avoided.

Abstract: This invention relates to shaping glass sheets by roll forming to either simple or complex curvatures about a single axis of bending or to compound curvatures comprising components of curvature about mutually perpendicular axes of bending by a controlled, repeatable program of roll forming without causing the glass sheets to stop their forward movement during their shaping. The apparatus used to perform this process has a minimum of moving parts, thus minimizing maintenance problems and reducing downtime for maintenance and repair.

Abstract: The method of I-section rolling in a continuous mill includes successive rolling of a bar in horizontal slitting passes, horizontal closed roughing beam passes with alternate directions of the slope of the flange outer sides, vertical reduction passes and finishing universal beam passes; and it also includes working of bent-out live flanges of the bar prior to reversal of the direction of the slope of the flange outer sides in the closed beam passes. All the passes are arranged one after another according to the production process in a combination which provides for producing an I-section. In all the horizontal closed roughing beam passes, the rolling of the bar is effected with the flange outer sides having a slope of 15-100 percent on the live flanges and a slope of 8-12 percent on the dead flanges. In the vertical reduction passes the outer sides of the bar are worked to slopes corresponding to the slopes of the outer sides of the dead flanges of the succeeding horizontal closed roughing beam pass.

Abstract: A method of producing, by universal mills, H-beams which are excellent in the strength and toughness of the joint between web and flanges. In roughing process, symmetric convexes, which have substantially the same cross section and differ in position in different mills, are alternately formed on at least either of the outer and inner sides of the web and flanges of the piece being rolled, to forcibly cause metal flow in the joints between web and flanges and thereby to increase the amount of strain of the joints. In finishing process, the convexes formed in the roughing process are pressed, thereby obtaining a H-beam having predetermined dimensions.

Abstract: A novel panel and panel assembly for use in building-type structures, together with panel forming apparatus are disclosed which are especially suitable for using portable, point-of-use, continuously operable, roll-forming techniques. The panel is characterized by upwardly diverging inclined sidewall portions (26, 27), wing portions (28, 29) of substantial lateral extent in relation to an intermediate wall portion that forms the bottom thereof, and centered edge fastening structure (31, 32). This panel provides a greater panel width per sheet stock width, ease of assembly, spacing and tracking surfaces for continuous edge seaming, and balanced strength with respect to loading. The panel assembly has continuous seam structure (54) with abutting inclined side sections (41, 47) and centered interlocking lateral flange portions (46, 53).

Abstract: The hot rolling of metal slabs to strip thickness and in coils having a specific weight on the order of 500 pounds per inch of width and greater comprises passing a heated metal slab through a roughing mill to form a transfer bar. The transfer bar is immediately passed between work rolls of a reversing finishing mill stand where it is coiled in a furnace downstream of the reversing finishing mill stand. Thereafter, the workpiece is passed back through the reversing finishing mill stand and coiled in a furnace on the upstream side thereof. The workpiece is again passed through the reversing finishing mill stand and into the remaining finishing stands where it is further reduced and ultimately coiled in strip form. The first two passes through the reversing finishing mill stand are carried out at speeds in excess of the third pass and unrelated to the speed cone of the remainder of the continuous finishing stands.

Abstract: The stand-to-stand transmission ratios between the working sizing passes at the entry end of a rolling block for rolling bars, rods or wire are fixed but are different from one another. This enables an entire range of finished workpiece cross sections to be obtained from a given first pass workpiece entry cross-sectional area, merely by omitting one or more of the working stands and shifting other working stands from one location to another and by changing only the stands of the finishing sizing passes at the delivery end of the block.

Abstract: A method for controlling the width of material in hot strip rolling through a train of alternately arranged vertical and horizontal roughing roll stands. The method restricts the width variation of the strips at the delivery side of the roughening rolls caused by the difference in temperature distribution in the widthwise direction of the strips between skidded areas and non-skidded areas by controlling the degrees of roll opening of a vertical roll stand based on the measurement of the width of the material to be rolled measured by a width meter, the vertical roll stand being disposed downstream of the measuring point.

Abstract: A method for multiple pass rolling of railroad-rails in a universal rolling mill having horizontal rolls and vertical rolls, comprising measuring the axial displacement of the horizontal rolls and the radial displacement of the vertical rolls when a blank passes through a roll caliber defined by the horizontal and vertical rolls. The measurements include the relation of the displacement of the horizontal and vertical rolls and the difference of the rolling forces acting on the rolls each of the two vertical rolls. The values of the rolling forces of the vertical rolls during the intented passes, can be calculated, by arithmetic operations, independently of the above mentioned measuring so as to estimate the axial displacements of the horizontal rolls and radial displacements of the vertical rolls before the rolling by consequent pass is actually performed.

Abstract: A method for rolling a steel section having flanges or flange-like portions from a steel bloom of rectangular cross section in a rolling mill having a train of roughing rolling stands for roughing, a universal rolling stand with a pair of opposing horizontal rolls and a pair of opposing vertical rolls, and a train of finishing rolling stands for finishing.

Abstract: A method of producing, by universal mills, H-beams which are excellent in the strength and toughness of the joint between web and flanges. In roughing process, symmetric convexes, which have substantially the same cross section and differ in position in different mills, are alternately formed on at least either of the outer and inner sides of the web and flanges of the piece being rolled, to forcibly cause metal flow in the joints between web and flanges and thereby to increase the amount of strain of said joints. In finishing process, the convexes formed in said roughing process are pressed, thereby obtaining a H-beam having predetermined dimensions.

Abstract: Rolling plant for hot rolling metal workpieces comprises a reversing roughing mill, a continuous finishing mill spaced from the roughing mill and an intermediate coiler which can be retracted to an inoperative position clear of the pass-line. In the penultimate forward pass of the roughing mill, the coiler is in its inoperative position and the workpiece is rolled to a length greater than the coiler--roughing mill spacing but less than the finishing mill--roughing mill spacing, the leading end of the workpiece passing under the coiler. In the final forward pass, the coiler is in its operative position on the pass-line and effects coiling of the workpiece. Subsequently, the coil is uncoiled and led out to the finishing mill.

Abstract: A center-spine mounted tandem cantilevered rolling mill includes three or more pairs of upper and lower spindles. An elongated rigid center spine extends horizontally midway between the upper and lower spindles. The upper spindles are removably mounted above this center spine by upper front and rear bearings, with their axes extending parallel and oriented perpendicular to the length of the spine. The front ends of the upper spindles project forward centilevered beyond the spine for carrying the upper work rolls. The lower spindles are removably mounted below this center spine by lower front and rear bearings in alignment with the respective upper spindles. The front ends of the lower spindles project forward cantilevered beyond the spine for carrying the lower work rolls. Each pair of upper and lower work rolls is called a "stand".

Abstract: The invention is related to a wire drawing device having a plurality of roller die units. Each unit contains two opposing grooved rollers which are respectively mounted in bearing frames which are connected to one another in an opposing fashion by threaded shanks. The shanks are rotatable and function to regulate the distance between the rollers. Each unit is housed in a square frame. The square frames are structured and dimensioned such that they can be serially aligned whereby the radial planes of each adjacent set of grooved rollers are perpendicular to one another thus allowing the distance between adjacent rollers to be less than the diameter of the rollers.

Abstract: Standard hot strip mills include a roughing train and a finishing train having a plurality of finishing stands F-1, F-2, F-3 . . . F-X. F-2 is eliminated from the finishing train and F-1 is converted into a reversing mill. Coiling furnaces are installed on either side of F-1 with the downstream coiling furnace replacing F-2. The resultant reversing mill and coiling furnaces are arranged so that a transfer bar is first reduced as it passes through F-1 in a forward direction and coiled in the downstream coiling furnace, then further reduced as it is passed in a reverse direction through F-1 to the upstream coiling furnace, then further reduced as it is passed the third time through F-1, and then further reduced to the final gauge as it passes successively through F-3 and the remainder of the finishing stands in the finishing train.

Abstract: In the rolling of wire or rod in a rolling line having a roughing or intermediate block whose rolling stands have non-adjustable rolls except for those at the exit end of the block, the rolls of the non-adjustable stands can be re-used at least once in the same stand location after being re-conditioned by reconditioning all the rolls defining a first series of sizing passes so as to form a second series of sizing passes whose individual sizes are larger than those of the first series. The change in dimensions of a given sizing pass as a result of reconditioning is less than the difference between the dimensions of that sizing pass after reconditioning (i.e. of the second series ) and the dimensions of the immediately preceding sizing pass before reconditioning (i.e. of the first series). Thus, after a second or subsequent reconditioning the rolls of a given stand are transferred to the immediately preceding stand for re-use to define the first series of sizing passes.

Abstract: A metal workpiece is rolled in a rolling mill, including an upstream rolling stand or pinch rolls and more than one stream rolling stand. The roll gaps of the workrolls of the downstream rolling stand are set so that the eqivalent contact angle .theta.e (.theta.e=tan.sup.-1 (cos .alpha..times.tan .theta.) wherein .theta. denotes the contact angle between the workrolls in the bottom of the roll groove and the workpiece and .alpha. denotes the inclined angle of the groove) is larger than tan.sup.-1 .mu. (.mu. denotes a coefficient of friction between the workpiece and the workrolls at the time of biting therebetween and also is smaller than tan.sup.-1 .mu.' (.mu.' denotes a coefficient of friction between the workpiece and the workrolls when the workpiece is completely bitten between the workrolls and the rolling operation is in progress).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for the rolling of bars, rods or wire to avoid thickened ends in which a number of rolling stands are provided in tandem forming a rolling line and in which one or more of the last rolling stands in the line have separate drive means with means to regulate the speed independent of the other rolling stands to provide momentarily increased speed and tension on the two ends of the material being rolled.

Abstract: Heavy profiled supports or rails may be produced by rolling through a series of rolling stands. Material is passed through a two-high reversing pre-rolling stand, an edging stand, a reversing universal stand, a second compression stand, and a second reversing universal stand. When rails are to be produced the material is passed through stands in through-travel only. When rolling profiled supports it is preferable to replace the stand by a roller train section.

Abstract: A beam blank for a large size H-beam is produced firstly by forming flat slab into a preformed beam blank by a two-high rolling mill and subsequently by rolling the preformed beam blank by a universal roughing mill.

Abstract: A method for automatically controlling the width of a slab during hot rough-rolling thereof, which comprises: arranging a pair of horizontal broadening rolls each having at least one annular projection in a hot roughing mill train comprising a plurality of roll stands; calculating an amount of roll gap correction of said pair of broadening rolls on the basis of the variation in the width of said slab during hot rough-rolling on said hot roughing mill at the entry of said pair of broadening rolls; and, controlling the roll gap of said pair of broadening rolls in response to said amount of roll gap correction; thereby automatically controlling the width of said slab during hot rough-rolling thereof to a prescribed value at a high accuracy in accordance with the finishing width of a steel strip, and at the same time, automatically correcting variations in the width of said slab during hot rough-rolling thereof at a high accuracy.

Abstract: A material, such as metal, is passed along a rolling mill train to produce a profiled support or rail. At certain stages the passage of the material is reversed so that the material passes through certain rolling stands more than once. The train comprises the following stands: a reversing pre-rolling stand; an edging stand; and a reversing universal rolling stand. After a return passage through the reversing universal rolling stand, the caliber rolls of the edging stand are reduced and the material passes again twice through the edging stand and the reversing universal rolling stand.

Abstract: Sheet steel profiles are rolled in a rolling line including a number of rolling mills. The starting material is first reduced and shaped conventionally in successive mills, and then the final rolling takes place initially by preliminary bending of the sheet steel profiles to the starting (first pass) shape. At this stage, the interlocking joint portion of the profiles are given a shape suitable for the finished profile. The finishing pass is then performed to give the profile cross-section its finished dimensions. All these final rolling operations take place continuously and in one direction.

Abstract: A tubular blank is continuously rolled into a pipe through a mill which has a plurality of roll sets each comprising grooved driven rolls providing substantially circular passes of progressively reduced diameters. While the blank is passing through the roll sets, its interior is supported by a mandrel. The tail end of the mandrel is held by a pushing device when rolling is started. Namely, rolling is started by pushing the mandrel into the blank. The pushing of the mandrel is stopped between the time when the front end of the blank has passed the last roll center line in the first half roll set group and the time when it has reached before the roll center line of the last roll set. The tail end of the mandrel remains unreleased while rolling is continued.

Abstract: The rolls of each rolling mill stand of a rolling mill train are driven by a hydraulic turbine. A variable displacement pump is operated to apply hydraulic pressure to each of said turbines to operate the same at an infinitely variable speed. Any change of said hydraulic pressure applied to the turbine which drives a preceding one of said stands in response to the initial passing of the stock through a succeeding one of said stands is detected. The displacement of the variable displacement pump which operates the turbine which drives said succeeding stand is adjusted to correct the speed of the turbine which drives said succeeding stand to compensate the change of the hydraulic pressure which has thus been detected.

Abstract: In an apparatus for manufacturing a taper leaf spring, by which after performing rolling on the edges of a sheet spring material in the direction of its breadth, rolling for tapering the sheet in the direction of its thickness is carried out, an edge roll assembly is employed for the sake of rolling in the breadth direction. In the edge roll assembly, constraining flanges for regulating the sheet thickness are provided on both ends of the main body of the edge roll so that expansion of both sides of a sheet spring material in the sheet thickness direction due to the effect of rolling in the sheet breadth direction is suppressed by the flanges and the thickness of a sheet spring material is kept uniform as a whole prior to performing rolling in the sheet thickness direction.

Abstract: A method of rolling angle structural shapes in which a bar of rectangular ofile is rolled in a first step to form a blank having a rounded convex protuberance on one side and a flat opposite side. In at least one subsequent state, the blank is rolled to transform the protuberance or hump into a triangular protuberance or ridge with flanks lying substantially at a right angle, whereupon the blank is bent, after rounding the edges of the flat surface, to form the angle profile.

Abstract: A method of rolling angular structural shapes with flanges of equal width, specially from steel, in which a substantially round bar or billet is rolled in a first pass to a generally flat intermediate shape having a planar side and a side formed centrally with an upstanding triangular cross-section protuberance. Thereafter, in one or more passes, preferably no more than three passes, the blank is rolled to the angular profile in which the vertex is formed by the protuberance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in a hot multi-stand tube mill for producing a thin metallic tube having end portions which corresponds to the wall thickness and diameter of the rest of the rolled tube or alternately, tapered ends. Each stand is provided with a set of three cooperating rolls arranged to form a roll pass opening. According to the tube's positioning in the mill, an appropriate additional adjustment of the rolls to decrease or enlarge the roll pass diameter is made in one or all of the last three stands. Both an initial roll setting varying means and an additional roll setting varying means cause movement of wedges abutting the roll chocks thereby causing movement of the rolls.

Abstract: The mill includes a stand on which at least three work rolls are mounted. At least two of the work rolls are secured in the roll housing chocks and provided with a drive means. The rolls rotate in opposite directions at different peripheral speeds increasing along the passline. At least one work roll is provided with a screwdown. The mill according to the invention for rolling metal strip is characterized by the axis of the middle work roll being offset with respect to the plane passing through the axes of the extreme work rolls towards the point where the metal strip being worked enters the first pair of work rolls, formed with the middle and the first extreme work rolls, as viewed in the direction of the passline, and towards the point of the metal strip emergence from the second pair of work rolls, formed with the middle work roll and the second extreme work roll.

Abstract: A thin rolled steel plate, and method and apparatus for producing it is disclosed. The thin rolled steel plate is formed with a drum shape in cross-section with a thickness ratio of a central portion to the edge portions of at least 1.1. The rolled steel plate is rolled having a concave drum shape during the rough rolling step and/or the first half of the hot finishing rolling step so as to achieve the desired drum shape. The plate is subsequently rolled in the second half of the hot finishing rolling step and the cold finishing rolling step by concave drum shaped rollers which reduce its thickness while not altering its drum shape.

Abstract: Rolling mill for forming seamless pipes from round billets, comprising a rotary piercing mill or a punch press for shaping billets into hollow blocks, a cross conveyor leading to a planetary rolling mill for the rolling of the hollow blocks on a mandrel into seamless pipe, followed by stretch-reducing rolling mill for rolling the seamless pipes into a finished product.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the rolling of rod or light-section steel by the use of a cluster-roll stand and a planetary, diagonal rolling stand, having angularly arranged rolls.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of rolling section billets in which billets interconnected by bridges are successively formed from a slab in a number of grooves defined by a plurality of transversely juxtaposed passes, with subsequent separation of billets from one another by effecting a relative displacement of adjacent billets by prevailingly acting with a groove on one of the sides of the adjacent billets at an angle other than 90.degree. to the roll axis when the bridge thickness becomes equal to 0.01-0.3 of the groove height.

Abstract: A method of rolling section billets wherein a plurality of billets transversely interconnected by bridges are successively simultaneously formed from a slab in a number of grooves defined by a plurality of transversely juxtaposed grooves. The forming is effected in two stages by reducing the value of longitudinal tensile stresses in central portions of the billets at one stage by changing the position of zones of prevailing reduction transversely of the billets, with the subsequent separation of billets from one another.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for hot-rolling non-ferrous metal bar in a plural stage rolling mill are disclosed. Each stage of the rolling mill is provided with a plurality of work rolls which have a predetermined hardness and toughness depending on their intended use in the rolling mill to improve the uniformity of the useful life of the rolls among the various stages of the mill. A method of heat treating the work rolls and an improved forged steel work roll are also disclosed. The steel used to make the rolls is a forged chromium-molybdenum alloy steel having a chromium content in the range of 4.0 to 6.0 percent. The heat treatment process provides the working surfaces of the rolls with a dense, tightly-adhering oxide layer to protect the rolls from the high temperatures and pressures encountered during the hot-rolling operation.

Abstract: A rolling mill and method for single strand rolling of bar sections is provided having a plurality of successive in-line roughing roll stands on a pass line in which the last two roughing roll stands are radially adjustable transverse to the pass line to produce a rough bar having a cross section substantially the same at its finished section and a plurality of successive in-line finishing roll stands receiving the rough bar and rolling the same to finish condition.

Abstract: Means are provided for adjusting the rotational speed of at least the first pass of a plurality of successive rolling mill passes by measuring the cross section of the work-material being fed to said first pass and adjusting the drive for at least said first pass responsive to said measurement so as to feed to the last pass of the successive passes a cross section which permits at least said last pass to operate at a rotational speed independent of the cross section of the feed material.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for hot-rolling non-ferrous metal bar in a plural stage rolling mill are disclosed. Each stage of the rolling mill is provided with a plurality of work rolls which have a predetermined hardness and toughness depending on their intended use in the rolling mill to improve the uniformity of the useful life of the rolls among the various stages of the mill. A method of heat treating the work rolls and an improved forged steel work roll are also disclosed. The steel used to make the rolls is a forged chromium-molybdenum alloy steel having a chromium content in the range of 4.0 to 6.0 percent. The heat treatment process provides the working surfaces of the rolls with a dense, tightly-adhering oxide layer to protect the rolls from the high temperatures and pressures encountered during the hot-rolling operation.