Abstract: This disclosure relates to a medical device including, a hard part, a converter, and a conductive path. The hard part has fluid paths for guiding a medical fluid, in particular blood, through the hard part. The converter is arranged to measure a characteristic of the medical fluid while the fluid is present in one of the fluid paths. At least a first section of the converter or of the conductive path is applied to or superimposed on the hard part by a first additive application method. At least a second section of the converter or of the conductive path is applied to the hard part by a second application method. The first and the second additive application methods differ from each other.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a medical device including a hard part and a converter. The hard part has fluid paths for conducting a medical fluid through the hard part. The converter is arranged to measure a characteristic of the medical fluid while the medical fluid is present in one of the fluid paths. At least a section of the converter is applied or superimposed to the hard part by at least one additive application method.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a pressure detecting element; a base material on which the pressure detecting element is mounted; a pad electrode provided on the base material and electrically connected to the pressure detecting element; a ground electrode provided on the base material and spaced from the pad electrode; and a cap having a tubular shape, the cap surrounding a periphery of the pressure detecting element on the base material and being attached to the ground electrode with a conductive adhesive. An inner receiving section is provided between an inner peripheral surface of the cap and a ground-electrode-side end surface of the cap, the inner receiving section thereby preventing excessive spreading of the conductive adhesive. The cap can be attached to the base material with the conductive adhesive without causing excessive spreading of the conductive adhesive.

Abstract: A power generation apparatus includes a first power generation unit along with a second power generation unit. Each power generation unit has a piezoelectric element along with a base material holding the piezoelectric element. A first plus terminal is provided at a first edge of the base material, a second plus terminal is provided at a second edge of the base material, a first minus terminal is provided at a third edge of the base material, and a second minus terminal is provided at a fourth edge of the base material.

Abstract: A pressure measuring device 30 installs on a tube 11 for transferring a medium (e.g., blood in a extracorporeal blood circulator) so as to measure a pressure of the medium inside the tube 11. The pressure measuring device 30 includes a main body portion 31 mountable to the tube 11, an image acquisition unit 32 disposed in the main body portion 31 so as to acquire image information on a pressure receiver that is deformed in response to the received pressure of the medium inside the tube 11, and a control unit 100 that converts the image information acquired by the image acquisition unit into pressure information about the pressure.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a base, a fixed electrode on the base, a membrane at a distance from and opposite the fixed electrode and having flexibility and conductivity, a dielectric on the fixed electrode and opposite to the membrane, and a contact restrictor to restrict contact between a portion of the dielectric and the membrane by coming in contact with the membrane. A region contactable with the membrane in the dielectric has a shape having an outline including two circular or substantially circular arcs opposite to each other and protruding outward and two circular or substantially circular arcs opposite to each other and protruding inward.

Abstract: The device includes a distal connector portion with a connector for electrical connection to an external electrical circuit, a proximal measuring portion including a detector of the physical parameter configured to be in fluid contact, the detector has a general shape of a wafer delimiting a first electrical contact face and a second opposite measuring face, a member for electrically joining the detector and the connector. The detector is configured in the device such that both faces of the detector are immersed and in direct fluid contact.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor system for touch detection includes a sensor surface, a first sensor electrode, a second sensor electrode, and an evaluation device. The sensor electrodes are both situated on and border the sensor surface. The first sensor electrode has a first closed conductor loop and the second sensor electrode has a second closed conductor loop. The first closed conductor loop surrounds the second closed conductor loop without the closed conductor loops touching each other. Each sensor electrode generates a sensor signal that depends on a position of a touch of an object on the sensor surface relative to the closed conductor loop of the sensor electrode. The evaluation device detects the touch based on a comparison of a ratio value to a threshold value, wherein the ratio value is a ratio of (i) a difference and (ii) a sum of the sensor signals.

Abstract: A space-saving pressure sensor for a metal or plastics processing tool is configured to perform date stamping during injection molding with the processing tool. The pressure sensor is configured to be inserted into a single drilled hole of the tool. A first cast-compatible mark and a second cast-compatible mark of the pressure sensor may be adjusted against one another in such a way that a variety of different date marks can be created, which may then be applied to different injection-molded products. The pressure sensor may be used within the framework of manufacturing an injection-molded product.

Abstract: A pressure sensor assembly and method of manufacturing the same are provided. The pressure sensor assembly includes a contoured sensing insert. The contoured sensing insert includes an outer sensing insert having an open interior through-hole and a top contoured surface configured to be secured at least partially within the fluid flow container. The top contoured surface has a surface contour corresponding with an interior wall contour of the fluid flow container. The contoured sensing insert also includes an inner sensing medium defined within the through-hole of the outer sensing insert. The inner sensing medium defines a conforming contoured surface at least substantially matching the surface contour of the top contoured surface. A corresponding method of manufacturing is also provided.

Abstract: A piezoelectric sensor including: a piezoelectric sheet; a first ground electrode integrally laminated on a first side of the piezoelectric sheet and having a first cutout section; a signal electrode integrally laminated on a second side of the piezoelectric sheet and having a third cutout section; and a second ground electrode integrally laminated on the signal electrode so as to be electrically insulated from the signal electrode and having a second cutout section. The cutout sections of the signal electrode, the first ground electrode, and the second ground electrode are at least partially overlapped with one another in a thickness direction of the piezoelectric sheet. A portion of the piezoelectric sheet exposed from a portion where the cutout sections of the signal electrode, the first ground electrode, and the second ground electrode are overlapped with one another serves as an exposed section.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to piezoelectric film structures and sensors, and display assemblies using same. The piezoelectric film structure is transparent and includes: a substrate; a bottom optical layer disposed on or above the substrate; a bottom conducting layer disposed on or above the bottom optical layer; at least one piezoelectric layer disposed on or above the bottom conducting layer; a top conducting layer disposed on or above the at least one piezoelectric layer; and a top optical layer disposed on or above the top conducting layer. The sensor includes the piezoelectric film structure electrically connected to a signal processing system. The display assembly includes the sensor operably arranged relative to a display device. The piezoelectric film structures and sensors can be configured to determine one or more touch-sensing features associated with a touch event.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a pressure sensor comprising: a sensor module which is sensing pressure; a first supporter coupled to an upper portion of the sensor module, having a substrate 231, lengthily disposed therein in an axial direction, and thus electrically connected to the sensor module; and a second supporter to which the substrate is couple while brought into contact with a spring electrode, the second supporter being coupled to an upper portion of the first supporter and having a spring groove in which a lower end portion of spring electrode lengthily disposed in an axial direction is stably placed.

Abstract: An oil pressure sensor attachment structure includes the oil path body; the sensor case; and a seal member. The oil path body has an accommodation hole portion which accommodates the oil pressure sensor. The accommodation hole portion has a small-diameter hole portion and a large-diameter hole portion. The sensor case has a columnar portion which is disposed along a central axis extending in the up and down direction and of which at least a portion is inserted into the small-diameter hole portion. A flange portion which protrudes from the columnar portion to an outside in a radial direction and is inserted into the large-diameter hole portion. The flange portion is disposed to face a lower side of the upper body in the up and down direction. The seal member has an annular shape, and seals a portion between an inner surface of the accommodation hole portion and the sensor case.

Abstract: A tyre sensor device including a connecting element for connecting the tyre sensor device to a vehicle tyre, and a tyre sensor device electronics assembly housed in the connecting element, wherein the tyre sensor device electronics assembly comprises a flexible printed circuit board being foldable and including at least two printed circuit board portions each having two surfaces, the at least two printed circuit board portions being suitable for the placement, on at least one surface thereof, of electronic components of the tyre sensor device, wherein the electronic components include at least one sensor for sensing at least one tyre parameter, the printed circuit board being folded so that the tyre sensor device electronics assembly can be inserted in the connecting element with the at least two printed circuit board portions being essentially planar.

Abstract: A stacked ultrasound vibration device is provided with a plurality of piezoelectric bodies between two mass materials, in which brazing materials with an elastic constant smaller than elastic constants of the two mass materials and the plurality of piezoelectric bodies are used to bond the plurality of piezoelectric bodies as similar material bonding portions by a first metal bonding layer with a first thickness and to bond the plurality of piezoelectric bodies and the mass materials as dissimilar material bonding portions by a second metal bonding layer with a second thickness thicker than the first thickness.

Abstract: A liquefier assembly for use in an additive manufacturing system, which includes a rigid member having a gap, a liquefier tube operably disposed in the gap, one or more heater assemblies disposed in the gap in contact with the liquefier tube, and configured to heat the liquefier tube in a zone-by-zone manner, preferably one or more thermal resistors disposed in the gap between the rigid member and the heater assemblies, and preferably one or more sensors configured to operably measure pressure within the liquefier tube. The one or more heater assemblies may be operated to provide dynamic heat flow control.

Abstract: An integrated touch sensing and force sensing device is included in an electronic device. The integrated touch sensing and force sensing device includes a force-sensitive layer operably attached to an input surface, a first electrode layer attached to a first surface of the force-sensitive layer, and a second electrode layer attached to a second surface of the force-sensitive layer. An analog front end processing channel is operable to process a touch signal that is based on a change in an electrical property between the first and second electrode layers and operable to process a force signal that is based on an electrical property generated by the force-sensitive layer based on a force applied to the input surface.

Abstract: A domestic refrigeration appliance has a heat-insulated carcass which has an inner container with a coolable interior space for storing food, a refrigeration device for cooling the coolable interior space, an assisting device, and a door leaf mounted pivotable relative to the carcass for opening and closing the interior space or a drawer which in the closed state is pushed into the coolable interior space in order to close it, and in the open state is at least partially withdrawn from the coolable interior space. The assisting device has an air pressure sensor configured to determine a change of the air pressure within the interior space due to a pushing and/or pulling on the closed door leaf or the closed drawer. The assisting device is configured to open the closed door leaf or the closed drawer automatically at least partially depending on the determined change in the air pressure.

Abstract: The invention is a pressure-measuring cell comprising a measuring cell body, a measuring membrane arranged on the front face of the measuring cell body by means of a joining structure, wherein the measuring cell body and the measuring membrane each have at least one measuring electrode, which electrodes form a measuring capacitor, and at least one support element provided on the measuring membrane and/or the measuring cell body within the joining structure.

Abstract: A pressure measuring cell includes an elastic measuring membrane which is contactable with a first pressure on a first side and with a second pressure on a second side facing away from the first side. The measuring membrane is deflectable as a function of a difference between the first pressure and the second pressure, wherein the measuring membrane pressure-tightly isolates a first volume, which is facing the first side of the measuring membrane, from a second volume, which is facing the second side of the measuring membrane. The pressure measuring cell further includes a transducer for transducing the pressure dependent deflection of the measuring membrane into an electrical or optical signal. The measuring membrane has in the equilibrium state of the measuring membrane compressive stresses at least at the surface of the measuring membrane at least in a radial edge region, in which in the deflected state of the measuring membrane under pressure loading tensile stress maxima occur.

Abstract: An integrated touch sensing and force sensing device is included in an electronic device. The integrated touch sensing and force sensing device includes a force-sensitive layer operably attached to an input surface, a first electrode layer attached to a first surface of the force-sensitive layer, and a second electrode layer attached to a second surface of the force-sensitive layer. An analog front end processing channel is operable to process a touch signal that is based on a change in an electrical property between the first and second electrode layers and operable to process a force signal that is based on an electrical property generated by the force-sensitive layer based on a force applied to the input surface.

Abstract: A device for detecting a pressure, in particular in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, has a housing and an adapter element secured in the housing for accommodating a sensor module. The sensor module includes at least one sensor element and one support element. The sensor element makes electrical contact with connecting lines which extend in the axial direction of the sensor module. The support element has a section on which support surfaces are formed for the connecting lines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluid measurement sensor attachment structure in which a fluid measurement sensor is attached to a branch pipe among three or more branch pipes branched from a pipe, thereby measuring properties of a fluid flowing through a flow path that is formed by remaining branch pipes, comprising a sleeve that can accommodate the fluid measurement sensor, wherein the sleeve is a member in a shape of a tumbler including a circumferential wall that is substantially cylindrical and a protective wall that is disposed at one end of the circumferential wall and that does not disturb a function of the sensor, a seal lip is disposed on the circumferential wall near the protective wall, and the sleeve is inserted into the branch pipe such that the protective wall is positioned near a base end of the branch pipes.

Abstract: Apparatus that detects the pressure of water that can move through a water channel (26) towards and away from a pressure sensor (22), wherein the apparatus is constructed to avoid damage from freezing water. The water channel is constructed with a narrow channel portion (40) and a wide channel portion (42) connected in series, with the narrow channel portion lying closer to the pressure sensor. When the ambient temperature falls below the freezing temperature of water, water in the narrow channel portion freezes before water in the wide channel portion freezes, and frozen water in the narrow channel portion acts like a plug to prevent water (or ice) from moving toward the pressure sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pressure-measuring plug for a combustion engine. An interconnection structure in the plug body electrically couples by means of a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) an electrical sensing element at one end of the plug body to connector terminals of the plug at the other end of the plug body. An elongated support structure fixates a part of the flexible PCB in the plug body to enable the flexible PCB to withstand automotive conditions and to facilitate during assembly to put the flexible PCB through the hollow plug body.

Abstract: A pressure sensing element includes a sensing sub-element disposed on a diaphragm, the element including a shield disposed over the sub-element and configured to substantially eliminate influence of external charge on the sub-element during operation. A method of fabrication and a pressure sensor making use of the pressure sensing element are disclosed.

Abstract: A pressure sensing element includes a sensing sub-element disposed on a diaphragm, the element including a shield disposed over the sub-element and configured to substantially eliminate influence of external charge on the sub-element during operation. A method of fabrication and a pressure sensor making use of the pressure sensing element are disclosed.

Abstract: A pressure gauge is provided, which comprises a pedestal, a spring tube, a needle pivot, a needle and a indicating panel. The spring tube is connected to the needle pivot and able to drive the needle pivot to rotate. A fixing portion is provided on one end of the spring tube. The pedestal is provided with a mounting portion, and the mounting portion is provided with an open slot. The fixing portion is installed in the open slot. The pressure gauge has a simple structure and low cost.

Abstract: A physical quantity sensor includes: a substrate that has a diaphragm section that is deformed to be deflected by receiving a pressure; a fixed electrode that is provided in the diaphragm section; and a movable electrode that has a movable section that is away from the fixed electrode and is disposed opposite to the fixed electrode, in which a shape of the diaphragm section in a plan view is a longitudinal shape extended in a predetermined direction, and in which a shape of the fixed electrode in a plan view is a longitudinal shape extending along a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a sensor chip that detects a pressure and generates an electric signal; a package that has an opening and an internal space in which the sensor chip is accommodated; and flying leads that protrude from the package into the internal space. The sensor chip is connected to the flying leads. Then, the sensor chip is disposed away from an inner wall of the package.

Abstract: A pressure measurement assembly is provided. The assembly includes a pressure sensor mount having an aperture therethrough. A pressure sensor passes through and is mounted to the aperture. The pressure sensor has an electrical characteristic that varies with applied pressure. An isolator plug is configured to be exposed to a process fluid. The isolator plug has an isolation diaphragm disposed to contact the process fluid. A passageway is fluidically coupled to the isolation diaphragm to convey process fluid pressure from the isolation diaphragm to the pressure sensor through an incompressible fluid. The pressure sensor mount is coupled to the isolator plug and has a non-circular shape when viewed along an axis of the aperture.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a pressure sensor includes: a support unit; a substrate; and a plurality of sensing elements. The substrate is supported by the support unit and deformable. The plurality of sensing elements are provided on a part of the substrate. The sensing element includes a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and an intermediate layer. Magnetization of the first magnetic layer changes according to deformation of the substrate. Magnetization of the second magnetic layer is fixed. The intermediate layer is provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. A direction of the magnetization of the second magnetic layer of a first sensing element among the plurality of sensing elements is different from a direction of the magnetization of the second magnetic layer of a second sensing element among the plurality of sensing elements.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a MEMS device is disclosed. The device includes a substrate, a first and second MEMS elements on the substrate. Each of the first and second MEMS elements includes a fixed electrode on the substrate, a movable electrode above the fixed electrode, a first insulating film, the first insulating film and the substrate defining a cavity in which the fixed and movable electrodes are contained, and a first anchor on a surface of the first insulating film inside the cavity and configured to connect the movable electrode to the first insulating film. The cavity of the first MEMS element is closed. The cavity of the second MEMS element is opened by a through hole.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes a pressure sensing element and a top cap. The pressure sensing element includes a bonded wafer substrate having a buried sealed cavity. A wall of the buried sealed cavity forms a sensing diaphragm. One or more sense elements may be supported by the sensing diaphragm and one or more bond pads are supported by the upper side of the bonded wafer substrate. Each of the bond pads may be positioned adjacent to the sensing diaphragm and electrically connected to one or more of the sense elements. The top cap may be secured to the upper side of the bonded wafer substrate such that an aperture in the top cap facilitates passage of a media in a downward direction to the sensing diaphragm. The top cap may be configured to isolate the bond pads from the media.

Abstract: One or more techniques and/or systems are disclosed for generating a linearized pressure sensor pattern for a pressure sensor. Force may be applied to a pressure sensor sample, comprising the pressure sensor without conductors. A patch, comprising an area of contact between a top and bottom surface of the sensor sample, can be measured, which corresponds to the applied force. Patch measurements can be made for respective applied force intervals, resulting in one or more indications of applied force, respectively corresponding to an indication of a patch measurement. The linearized pressure sensor pattern can be generated using the one or more force indications and corresponding patch measurement indications.

Abstract: A pressure gauge is provided, which comprises a pedestal, a spring tube, a needle pivot, a needle and a indicating panel. The spring tube is connected to the needle pivot and able to drive the needle pivot to rotate. A fixing portion is provided on one end of the spring tube. The pedestal is provided with a mounting portion, and the mounting portion is provided with an open slot. The fixing portion is installed in the open slot. The pressure gauge has a simple structure and low cost.

Abstract: A fluidic chip device configured for processing a fluid, wherein the fluidic chip device comprises a plurality of layers laminated to one another, wherein at least a part of the layers comprises a patterned section of an alternating sequence of bars and fluidic channels for conducting the fluid under pressure, the patterned section being configured for being displaceable in response to the pressure, and a pressure detector responding to the displacement of the patterned section by generating a detector signal being indicative of a value of the pressure.

Abstract: A process fluid pressure measurement probe includes a pressure sensor formed of a single-crystal material and mounted to a first metallic process fluid barrier and disposed for direct contact with a process fluid. The pressure sensor has an electrical characteristic that varies with process fluid pressure. A feedthrough is formed of a single-crystal material and has a plurality of conductors extending from a first end to a second end. The feedthrough is mounted to a second metallic process fluid barrier and is spaced from, but electrically coupled to, the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor and the feedthrough are mounted such that the secondary metallic process fluid barrier is isolated from process fluid by the first metallic process fluid barrier.

Abstract: A physical quantity detector includes a diaphragm including a displacement part that is displaced under external pressure, a ring-shaped fixing part that holds an outer circumferential part of the diaphragm, a holding member having a projection part that projects from an inner circumference of the fixing part toward a center at one surface side of the diaphragm, a support fixed to the projection part, and a pressure-sensitive device having a first base part fixed to the displacement part, a second base part fixed to the support, and a pressure-sensitive part provided between the base parts.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical pressure sensor structure that comprises a planar base and side walls and a diaphragm plate. The side walls extend circumferentially away from the planar base to a top surface of the side walls. The planar base, the side walls and the diaphragm plate are attached to each other to form a hermetically closed gap in a reference pressure, and a top edge of the inner surfaces of the side walls forms a periphery of a diaphragm. The diaphragm plate comprises one or more planar material layers of which a first planar material layer spans over the periphery of the diaphragm. The top surface of the side walls comprises at least one isolation area that is not covered by the first planar material layer.

Abstract: A pressure transducer assembly that includes a pressure-responsive diaphragm to which a sensing element is mounted and an electronic package that includes wire-bonding pads adapted be electrically connected to the sensing element by wire bonding equipment. The diaphragm and wire bonding pads are supported within the transducer so that they lie in proximity to each other and in non-intersecting planes.

Abstract: A pressure sensor may measure gas or liquid pressure. A chamber may have an inlet that receives the gas or liquid. A flexible diaphragm may be within the chamber that has a surface exposed to the gas or liquid after it flows through the inlet. A pressure sensor system may sense changes in the flexible diaphragm caused by changes in the pressure of the gas or liquid. A pressure-insensitive sensor system may sense changes in the flexible diaphragm that are not caused by changes in the pressure of the gas or liquid. The pressure-insensitive sensor system may be insensitive to changes in the flexible diaphragm caused by changes in the pressure of the gas or liquid.

Abstract: Systems and methods of signal transmission and measuring for sensors employing a transmission medium are provided. In one embodiment, a method may comprise measuring a first monitored condition to generate a first monitored condition signal; converting the first monitored condition signal to a first frequency modulated signal having a first frequency; generating a second frequency modulated signal having a reference frequency; transmitting the first frequency modulated signal and the second frequency modulated signal using time division multiplexing; and wherein a first ratio of the first frequency and the reference frequency is associated with the first pressure.

Abstract: A pressure sensor chip is provided with first and second retaining members. The peripheral edge portions of the first and second retaining members are bonded to face one face and another face of a diaphragm, respectively. An inner edge of the peripheral edge portion of the first retaining member is positioned further to the outside than an inner edge of the peripheral edge portion of the second retaining member.

Abstract: Systems and methods for an internally switched multiple range transducer are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving, at a first sensor, a pressure, wherein the first sensor is associated with a first pressure range; measuring, at the first sensor, the pressure to generate a first pressure signal; in response to determining that the first pressure signal is not associated with the first pressure range, activating a second sensor, wherein the second sensor is associated with a second pressure range that is different from the first pressure range; and measuring, at the second sensor, the pressure to generate a second pressure signal.

Abstract: A pressure measurement system for use in blood circuits comprised of a pressure sensing pod and a force measurement device. The pressure sensing pod can include a flexible, moveable, fluid-impermeable diaphragm and can be formed via either a one-shot or a two-shot molding process. A mechanical engagement member of the force measurement device engages with a mechanical engagement feature of the diaphragm, and the engagement member is operative to move in concert with movement of the engagement feature of the diaphragm based on pressure variations with the pressure sensing pod. The force measurement device generates and outputs to a processor a signal based on detected force associated with movement of the engagement member.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to improved package assemblies for pressure sensing elements. Rather than leaving a pressure sensing element unabashedly exposed to the ambient environment in a manner that makes it susceptible to damage from stray wires, dirt, and the like; the improved package assemblies disclosed herein include a cover that helps form an enclosure around the pressure sensing element. The cover includes a fluid-flow channel with a blocking member arranged therein. The fluid-flow channel puts the pressure sensing element in fluid communication with the external environment so pressure measurements can be taken, while the blocking member helps protect the pressure sensing element from the external environment (e.g., stray wires and dirt to some extent). In this way, the package assemblies disclosed herein help promote more accurate and reliable pressure measurements than previous implementations.

Abstract: A pressure sensor includes: a container; a pressure receiving member which forms apart of the container; a pressure sensitive element which has a pressure sensing portion and a pair of base portions connected to both ends of the pressure sensing portion, and which has a detection axis parallel to a line connecting the base portions, and in which the detection axis is parallel to a displacement direction of the pressure receiving member, and which detects pressure based on displacement of the pressure receiving member; and a gate-shaped frame which includes a pair of shock absorbing portions that interposes the pressure sensitive element and is connected to a side of the pressure receiving member close to the peripheral portion or a side of the container close to the pressure receiving member and a beam portion that connects distal ends of the shock absorbing portions.

Abstract: A method, device and system for a gage pressure transducer including the making thereof are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving, at a first diaphragm, a first pressure, wherein the first diaphragm is composed of metal; transferring, from the first diaphragm, to a first sensor, the first pressure using a first oil region, wherein the first oil region is disposed between the first diaphragm and the first sensor; receiving, at the first sensor, the first pressure; measuring, by the first sensor, the first pressure to generate a first pressure signal; and outputting, from the first sensor, to a first header pin, the first pressure signal, wherein the first header pin is electrically coupled to the first sensor using a first conductive glass frit.