Abstract: In pull-testing wire bonds on an electrical device, an upward pulling force is applied to a wire loop by a motor-driven loading arm through a hook which is connected to the free end of a flexible cantilever beam in the arm. A strain gauge is provided on the beam to measure its deflection and thus the applied pulling force and supply a signal corresponding to this measured force. The actual forces applied to the bonds is calculated by generating a signal signifying the distance the hook has moved when the strain gauge starts to generate a signal.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus thereof for detecting defects of a joint portion of an elastic-member sheet of the present invention comprises grasping an elastic-member sheet having a joint portion so as to detect at least one face of the joint portion through use of an optical measuring apparatus. With the elastic-member sheet being extended by a given percentage, comparing and identifying of the displacement amount of the joint portion, represented by a detecting signal, with a predetermined reference value by an operation processing unit which receives the detecting signal of the measuring apparatus so as to automatically judge the defect of the joint portion.

Abstract: In an apparatus and method for measuring the strength of an adhesive bond, a dispenser applies adhesive to a substrate for a prescribed period of time, a conveyor moves the substrate to a compressing station within a preselected open time, after which time a compressor compresses the substrate against another substrate to form an adhesive bond therebetween, the bond being formed under a substantially constant compression force and for a preselected compression time. During the latter portion of the compression time, the bonded substrates are moved together at a substantially constant rate of speed through a transition distance, one of the substrates contacting a stop plate at the end of the compression time to prevent further movement while the other of the substrates continues at the substantially costant rate of speed to break the bond.

Abstract: A method of measuring adhesive strength is disclosed, characterized by the steps of:keeping the surface of a substrate adhered with an adhesive sheet in a fixed relative position to the pickup roller an auxiliary roller projecting from a machine frame;securing the tip end of either the adhesive sheet or the lead-in tape leading said adhesive sheet to the pickup roller;setting a specific peeling angle for peeling the adhesive sheet from the surface of the substrate;pulling the adhesive sheet by rotating the pickup roller at a constant speed while maintaining the set angle;peeling off the adhesive sheet 2 from the substrate, and subsequently winding it onto the pickup roller;detecting the torque of the pickup roller using a torque detector; anddisplaying and/or recording the adhesive strength of the adhesive sheet to said substrate based on output signals from the torque detector.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-destructive method of testing a weld made by pressure welding two metal parts (2, 3) at forging temperature. After heating to a temperature of about 1100.degree. C. and applying a forging pressure (F1) to form the weld, the method consists in applying a tensile strength (F2) to the weld perpendicularly to the junction plane (P) between the two ducts (2 and 3) while the weld is still hot at a temperature of, for example, about 600.degree. C., in order to enlarge any defects present at the junction surface (4) and thus make them detectable by a conventional fault detection means.

Abstract: The method and apparatus employs a frequency sensitive electric motor and control system to measure the adhesive bond between a carrier tape and a cover tape adapted to carry miniature components. The adhesive bond strength is dynamically tested and recorded by separating the cover tape from the carrier tape as an energizing signal of predetermined frequency is applied to a frequency sensitive motor for a predetermined period of time while the force required to cause adhesive bond failure is measured and recorded.

Abstract: A wire bonding force calibration meter for measuring automatically a force applied thereto and for displaying the value of the force is provided. The meter is particularly useful, in combination with a wire bonding machine, which bonds wires to silicon dice and to hybrid substrate pads by applying a force on the wires. The meter automatically measures the static setup force applied by the machine on the wires, and automatically measures the dynamic bonding force applied by the machine on the wires. The machine is used particularly for bonding wires in a hybrid. The meter overcomes the problem of manual measurement of the static setup force and the problem of not being able to measure the dynamic bonding force.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for forming an encapsulation or encasement about a structural member that is particularly well suited for use in a marine environment is disclosed. A two component polymer system for protective and repair encapsulation is pumpable in two separate streams to the location of the structural member to be encapsulated. The two reactive components are combined in a static mixer immediately prior to being injected within the surrounding translucent jacket. By combining the reactive components immediately prior to use, premature set up is avoided and the resulting grout may be directed to flow upwardly in the jacket for enhancing final properties. By suitable coloring of the components, visual monitoring of the final mixing and distribution in the translucent form or jacket of the encapsulation material may be monitored. A field test for determining bond strength of the encapsulation polymer to the structural member is also disclosed.

Abstract: A glue bond testing apparatus for testing the glue bond at the end flaps of paperboard cartons, such as commonly used for packaging canned or bottled beverage products, is provided with a carton support which is adapted to receive an erected filled and glued carton and hold the same against movement. A gripper plate or clamp is secured to the carton end flap, the glue bond of which is to be tested. An electronic strain gauge is mounted on the apparatus with a force input rod connected to the clamp through a removable rigid connection. The electronic force gauge is slidably mounted on a pair of parallel rods for back and forth movement in a direction toward and away from the gripper plate. The carton support is arranged to support the carton to be tested at an angle to the direction of movement of the electronic force gauge so as to simulate the hand opening test of the flap.

Abstract: The adherence of an individual fibre embedded in a polymer matrix is determined by a drawing experiment in which the fibre is drawn out of the polymer matrix and simultaneously the pertaining force-distance diagram is registered. To this end a test sample consisting of the polymer matrix with the individual fibre embedded therein is manufactured by melting down a quantity of polymer present in granular or powder form on an object holder, the individual fibre is dipped into the molten polymer mass and the polymer mass is subsequently cooled down below the melting point. Subsequently the object holder with the test sample adhering thereto is brought into a force-distance measuring device, and the free end of the fibre is fixed to a chucking device moveable in the direction of the fibre.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing the surface properties of a material is disclosed. The apparatus includes an indentor which is suspended above the surface of a sample and dropped onto the sample. Several testing methods are also disclosed. Surface toughness is measured by dropping the indentor from a variable height and inspecting the surface for failure. Thin film strength is tested by making several drops from various heights and inspecting the surface for flaking of the layer. In addition, damping capacity can be measured by comparing the kinetic energy of the resulting from the drop of the indentor to the strain energy measured by a probe on the opposing surface of the sample.

Abstract: A wire sensing and measurement apparatus comprises an optical fiber having a hook shape formed at one end and connected to an optical pulse generator at the opposite end for transmitting a continuous stream of optical pulses to the free end of the hook. An optical detector is positioned opposite the free end of the hook to detect pulses emitted from the hook, and is connected to a missing pulse monitor for monitoriing the output of the detector to detect any missing pulses in the sequence. The monitor produces an output pulse for each missing pulse detected. The hook is moved beneath expected wire positions and any wire passing between the free end of the hook and the detector will interrupt the stream of pulses, allowing the wire position to be located. The fiber optic hook may be used as part of a wire pull test machine for testing the strength of electrical circuit wires.

Abstract: The absence of a wire (40) in proper position under the bonding tool (32) of an ultrasonic wire bonder is detected by energizing the bonder transducer (14) while the wire is pulled to break it after the second bond (B) has been made. The pulling of the wire to break it changes the transducer impedance, which is monitored to signal presence or absence of a wire in its proper location.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for testing the adhesion between the polyethylene coating and paperboard stock of polyethylene coated paperboard stock, such stock typically used in forming milk and fruit juice cartons. A normally open ended pressure chamber is closed by clamping a piece of polyethylene coated paperboard over its open end. The coating facing the pressure chamber is cut completely through to form an opening. Air of a predetermined value is introduced into the pressure chamber. The opposite coating will form a bubble, indicating delamination, if the integrity of the adhesion between the polyethylene coating and the paperboard is poor. The air pressure at which delamination occurs is then used to quantify adhesion.

Abstract: Optical fibre splice mechanical testing apparatus for use with optical fibre splicing equipment comprises two optical fibre clamping devices for mounting on splicing equipment at spaced positions spaced lengthwise of the two optical fibres to be spliced and located on opposite sides of the splicing station. One clamping device is constrained to move towards or away from the other clamping device in a direction lengthwise of the optical fibres between a first position nearer the splicing station and second position remote from the splicing station and is urged towards the second position by a coil spring. The movable clamping device can be temporarily maintained in the first position against the action of the coil spring.

Abstract: For an evaluation of the peel strength of a plastic sliding layer of a laminate for sliding surface bearings, which laminate comprises a steel backing, a porous sintered bronze layer on said steel backing, and a mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene which fills the pores of the bronze layer and constitutes a sliding layer on the bronze layer, the surface of the sliding layer of a sample that has been blanked from the laminate for sliding surface bearings is activated and adhesively joined to the end face of a testing bar of a testing apparatus in accordance with ISO Standard 4624. The ultimate tensile stress is then determined.

Abstract: A method for testing fiberglass sucker rods wherein the rod is pulled to a predetermined stress level while measuring the load, elongation and acoustic emissions. The load versus displacement is plotted in real time while the measured values are used to calculate the modulus of elasticity for various load ranges. From the measurements and calculated modulus of elasticity the quality of the rod can be determined.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for verifying the seismic integrity of a lead of an electronic component contained in an electric circuit wherein: a force of a desired magnitude is applied to the lead of the electronic component with the magnitude corresponding to the expected maximum force which would be exerted on the lead by an earthquake, and an indication is provided when the lead has been subjected to the applied force for a given period of time corresponding to the approximate period of time the maximum force of an earthquake would be exerted on the lead. Moreover, the force is released if the desired magnitude has been applied for a further preset period of time which is greater than the given period of time, or if the magnitude of the applied force exceeds a preset maximum value.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring the cohesion force between two interconnected components, such as inner and outer dental cone crowns, comprises a housing adapted to be manually grasped; a scale mechanism including a linearly extending helical spring accommodated in the housing and an indicator for displaying the extent of compression or expansion of the spring; and a divider-like gripper attached to one end of the spring and arranged for displacement relative to the housing. The gripper clamps one of the interconnected components, whereby upon pulling apart the two components, the indicator shows the extent of expansion of the helical spring for determining the pulling force exerted on the components at the moment of separation thereof.

Abstract: In an integrated circuit package of the type in which multiple conductors are bonded between an integrated circuit chip and the body of the package, wire bonds are tested for defects by a method which includes the steps of: placing the integrated circuit package in a magnetic field; generating respective currents through the conductors while the package is in the field to thereupon induce a magnetic force; and monitoring the current through the conductors to determine if a bond breaks under the force and causes the current through it to stop.

Abstract: For use in inspecting composite materials made of fibers in a supportive polymer matrix, a test instrument and method are set forth. The apparatus uses an optical microscope to provide a view of a cut specimen having small fibers therein. The optical axis through the microscope defines an arbitrary location. In x and y dimensions, at an offset of m and n from the optical axis, a stylus having a tip is located. Through the use of stepping motors connected through appropriate gear boxes, the stage supporting the specimen is moved. This locates a particular fiber previously positioned coincident with the optical axis so that it can be tested. Testing is accomplished by moving through the offset distances of m and n to position the stylus tip over the particular fiber. On movement in the z axis, the tip is embedded in the fiber to test bonding.

Abstract: A tack measuring device and method wherein two specimens are brought into abutting contact under a predetermined load, after which the contact is maintained momentarily. The specimens are then separated within a second time interval. A load cell measures the force as a function of time and the tack is measured in terms of velocity times the force integrated over the second time interval.

Abstract: A method of coating testing comprises applying a consistantly perpendicular minimum tension force to a dolly for testing to see if the adhesive bond strength between a coating and a substrate meets a minimum specification for such bond. The tester comprises a ram passing through an axially centered opening in a dolly bonded to the coating. A piston and cylinder are associated with the ram and the dolly so that pressure within the piston chamber formed thereby causes the development of a tension force within the dolly which is perpendicular to the coating being tested because of the coaxially centered orientation of the dolly with respect to the ram. The pressure is increased only to a point wherein the tension force is equal to a minimum specification for bonding adhesion. If the coating has not separated from the substrate, the bond therebetween meets the specification. The testing apparatus may then be removed by causing the bonding agent attaching the dolly to the coating to fail as by heating.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of an organic fluid has a pair of strips of fabric-like material joined together at one end in overlapping fashion by a bond formed from an organic fluid imbibing material sorbed into the common ends of the strip. The imbibing material is a latex polymer such as tertiary-alkylstyrenes. When the organic fluid contacts the bonded joint the imbibing material softens. A tensile force may be applied across the bonded joint by a resilient member which may be connected to mechanism for actuating electrical circuitry to signal the disjoining of the strips when the joint is softened sufficiently by the presence of the organic fluid.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a consistently perpendicular tension force to a dolly is provided for testing of the adhesive bond strength between a coating and a substrate. The tester comprises a ram passing through an axially centered opening in a dolly bonded to the coating. Piston and cylinder means are associated with the ram and the dolly so that pressure within the piston chamber formed thereby causes the development of a tension force within the dolly which is perpendicular to the coating being tested because of its coaxially centered orientation with respect to the ram.

Abstract: Apparatus for testing the bond strength of materials comprising a housing having a cavity, an extrudable fluid seal received in the cavity, and a passage for placing the fluid seal in communication with a source of pressurized fluid. A material is attached to a fastener associated with the housing, coaxial with the housing's longitudinal axis. The fastener, the material being tested, and the extrusion boundary of the fluid seal are independent of the pressurized fluid applied to the fluid seal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing the tensile strength and bonding strength of sprayed-on foam insulation (12) attached to metal cryogenic fuel tanks (14). A circular cutter is used to cut the insulation (12) down to the surface of the metal tank to form plugs of the insulation (12) for testing "in situ" on the tank (14). The apparatus comprises an electro-mechanical pulling device (32) powered by a belt battery pack (34). The pulling device (32) comprises a motor (60) driving a mechanical pulling structure comprising a horizontal shaft (64) connected to two bell cranks (68) which are connected to a central member (74). When the lower end of member (74) is attached to fitting (20), which in turn is bonded to plug (10) (see FIG. 2), a pulling force is exerted on plug (10) sufficient to rupture it. The force necessary to rupture the plug (10) or pull it loose is displayed as a digital read-out (51) on screen (50).

Abstract: A method for measuring metal coating adhesion to a substrate material comprising the steps of preparing a test coupon of substrate material having the metal coating applied to one surface thereof, applying a second metal coating of gold or silver to opposite surfaces of the test coupon by hot hollow cathode process, applying a coating to one end of each of two pulling rod members, joining the coated ends of the pulling rod members to said opposite coated surfaces of the test coupon by a solid state bonding technique and finally applying instrumented static tensile loading to the pulling rod members until fracture of the metal coating adhesion to the substrate material occurs.

Abstract: A method for measuring an adhesive strength of a multi-layer material having at least two layers, such as a plain bearing, which method includes the steps of placing a mold on one surface of the multi-layer material, casting a brazing metal into the mold to form and secure a resulting cast structure to the one surface of the multi-layer material such that the cast structure includes a first column portion connected to and extending substantially upright from the one surface of the multi-layer, an intermediate portion extending and diverging in diameter from the upper end of the first column portion and a second column portion extending from the upper end of the intermediate portion, causing the opposite chucks of a tension tester to grasp the second column portion and the multi-layer material or a holder connected to the multi-layer material, respectively, and applying a tensile force to the respective layers of the multi-layer material in a direction transverse to the one surface of said multi-layer material

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the strength of a bond between a lamina and its ubstrate, or the like is shown and described. Air, or some other fluid under pressure, causes a gasket to protrude from a piston to seal the atmosphere from a chamber within the piston and the adjacent exposed lamina surface. The fluid also pressurizes this chamber to pull a loading fixture and a portion of the lamina attached thereto away from the substrate. The force required to pull the lamina from the substrate is equal to the strength of the bond.

Abstract: A device for testing the tensile strength of fiberglass rods. A hydraulic ram system applies force through specially shaped holders to the ends of fiberglass sucker rods having end connectors mounted by a combination of adhesive and compression joints.

Abstract: The bond strength of electrical leads (12) bonded to a device (13), such as a silicon integrated circuit chip, is tested by mounting the device (13) onto a pedestal (22) and then pulling on such lead with a freely manipulatable grasping tool (52). The pedestal (22) is coupled to a load sensitive mechanism, such as a simple balance arm (19), or a movable element (21) coupled to a load cell (56). Such mechanism is adjusted to register that part of the pulling force exerted by the grasping tool (52), which is transmitted through the interface between the lead (12) and the device (13).

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and method for testing tube welds, and more specifically the seams or joints of tubular metal pipe which may be tested rapidly and efficiently under mechanical load conditions which are applied stepwise.

Abstract: A portable seam tester is provided for testing the seam strength, on the job site, of large sections of flexible sheet material formed by seaming together smaller size panels. The tester has a piston and cylinder mechanism carrying spaced toggle action clamping means adapted to receive and retain folded double-thickness portions of the material at opposite sides of a seam. Pressurized fluid is controllably supplied to the cylinder to force the clamping means away from each other, thereby placing the material in tension so as to impose a predetermined stress on the seam.

Abstract: This tester comprises a fixture which is bonded to a coating or surface, a plate and a membrane which are sealed together along their peripheries. A hole extends through the membrane and at least into the plate for receiving the fixture so that its bonding surface is flush with the membrane. The plate has a gas opening which is connectable with a source of pressurized gas.

Abstract: A tubular piece part (10) is tested to determine the rupture strength of the part when subject to lateral expansion (F) with respect to a bore (11) of the part. In one example, a tubular segmented collet (21) is placed in the bore of the part, and a tapered pin (23) is forced a predetermined distance into the collet (X) so as to expand the collet and part radially outward by a predetermined amount. The peak force required to so expand the collet is measured (57) so as to provide an indication of the rupture strength of the part, and particularly of the weld strength of a molded plastic tube having a radial weld line (W). In particular, this method provides an indication of the likelihood that the part will fail prematurely in the field, after subsequent assembly of the part with an insert member (17) that is force fit into the bore.

Abstract: In the manufacture of electrochemical cells, the integrity of the mechanical joint between a coiled plate electrode assembly and a terminal conductor welded thereto is tested on the assembly line by applying to the terminal conductor a predetermined minimum tensile force tending to separate the conductor from the electrode assembly, while simultaneously restraining the coiled electrode assembly. Any movement of the conductor relative to the electrode assembly is sensed and, if movement exceeds a predetermined minimum value, the force on the conductor is automatically increased to a value sufficient to separate the poorly-connected conductor from the electrode assembly.

Abstract: A method for destructive testing of the bond strength of each individual d of a chip beam-lead device which includes cutting the chip using a laser, laser cutting a hole through each individual piece of the chip with the lead attached to the chip and inserting a hook of a pull tester into the hole made in each chip section and pulling the chip section and the lead attached thereto to determine the bond strength between the lead of the chip and the conductor to which the lead is attached.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-destructive testing of beam-lead integrated ircuit connections in which each of the leads from a chip beam-lead device has a pull tab made interval therewith with a weakened area and means for connecting a pull tool thereto to test the bond strength between the individual lead and the conductor to which the lead is bonded to determine if a predetermined bond exist between the lead and the conductor.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring the normal stress required to remove an adhering thermoplastic rod from a substrate. Tensile strength of a bond can be measured reproducibly under controlled conditions. The tip of a thermoplastic rod, machined to a cone, is lowered into contact with a heated substrate and melting of the rod is allowed to proceed to a steady-state condition. After a bond is formed, the force required to break the bond is measured. The method permits rapid simulation of the essential conditions present during bond formation between a mineral filler surface and a polymer matrix.

Abstract: A method for measuring the bonding power of an adhesive material, particuly a sheet material comprising fibres impregnated with a glue. After having applied against the material the face of a totally reflecting prism the index of refraction of which is lower than that of the glue, a force is exerted which tends to bring apart from each other the prism and said material, the value of the force corresponding to the separation is determined and the quotient is made of said force by the value of the contact area measured at the moment of the separation from the light totally reflected by said face.

Abstract: A process for measuring the adhesive power of pressure-sensitive adhesives, especially adhesive tapes or sheets; it is also related to a device for implementing this process. This process consists in causing a ball to fall freely onto the adhesive surface of the tape or sheet and exerting a vertical upwardly directed separating force upon the ball, the measurement of the adhesive power of the adhesive being a function of the time comprised between the instant when the separating force is initially exerted upon the ball and the instant when the ball returns to its initial starting point.

Abstract: A mechanical acceleration multiplier for testing the bond strength of an adhesive wherein the adhesive to be tested is subjected to a centrifugal force.