Abstract: Compositions containing tin nanoparticles and electrically conductive particles are described herein. The tin nanoparticles can have a size below about 25 nm so as to make the compositions fusable at temperatures below that of bulk tin (m.p.=232° C.). Particularly, when the tin nanoparticles are less than about 10 nm in size, the compositions can have a fusion temperature of less than about 200° C. The compositions can contain a whisker suppressant to inhibit or substantially minimize the formation of tin whiskers after tin nanoparticle fusion. In some embodiments, the compositions contain tin nanoparticles, electrically conductive particles comprising copper particles, and a whisker suppressant comprising nickel particles. Methods for using the present compositions are also described herein. The present compositions can be used as a lead solder replacement that allows rework to be performed.

Abstract: A gold-carbon compound that is a reaction product of gold and carbon, wherein the gold and the carbon form a single phase material that is meltable. The compound is one in which the carbon does not phase separate from the gold when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature.

Abstract: A zinc-carbon compound that is a reaction product of zinc and carbon, wherein the zinc and the carbon form a single phase material that is meltable. The compound is one in which the carbon does not phase separate from the zinc when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature.

Abstract: A lead-carbon compound that is a reaction product of lead and carbon, wherein the lead and the carbon form a single phase material that is meltable. The compound is one in which the carbon does not phase separate from the lead when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature.

Abstract: A tin-carbon compound that is a reaction product of tin and carbon, wherein the tin and the carbon form a single phase material that is meltable. The compound is one in which the carbon does not phase separate from the tin when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature.

Abstract: Copper powder is provided, which, while having fine granularity and resistance to oxidation, does not lose either resistance to oxidation or balance in conductivity, and furthermore, copper powder for conductive paste in which variations in shape and granularity are small and having a low concentration in oxygen content. The copper powder for conductive paste contains 0.05 to 10 atomic % Bi inside each particle.

Abstract: Copper powder is provided, which, while having fine granularity, does not loose either resistance to oxidation or balance in conductivity, and furthermore, copper powder for conductive paste in which variations in shape and granularity are small and having a low concentration in oxygen content. The copper powder for conductive paste contains 0.07 to 10 atomic % Al inside each copper particle in the powder.

Abstract: A metal-carbon composition including a metal and carbon, wherein the metal and the carbon form a single phase material, characterized in that the carbon does not phase separate from the metal when the single phase material is heated to a melting temperature, the metal being selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, tin, lead, and zinc.

Abstract: This arc start material for electroslag remelting comprises an aggregate of curled turning chips of superalloy. This arc starting method for electroslag remelting comprises starting electroslag remelting by generating an arc between a primary ingot electrode including a primary ingot and an arc start material for electroslag remelting, wherein the primary ingot electrode is energized while contacting with the arc start material for electroslag remelting including an aggregate of curled turning chips of superalloy, and then an arc is generated between the primary ingot electrode and the arc start material for electroslag remelting of superalloy by separating the primary ingot electrode from the arc start material for electroslag remelting of superalloy.

Abstract: A product in which at least a portion of the product has a nanocrystalline microstructure, and a method of forming the product. The method generally entails machining a body in a manner that produces chips consisting entirely of nano-crystals as a result of the machining operation imposing a sufficiently large strain deformation. The body can be formed of a variety of materials, including metal, metal alloy and ceramic materials. Furthermore, the body may have a microstructure that is essentially free of nano-crystals, and may even have a single-crystal microstructure. The chips produced by the machining operation may be in the form of particulates, ribbons, wires, filaments and/or platelets. The chips are then used to form the product. According to one aspect of the invention, the chips are consolidated to form the product, such that the product is a monolithic material that may contain nano-crystals.

Abstract: An additive for increasing the toughness of thin-wall iron castings is provided. The additive includes amounts of a non-ferrous metal oxide and a metal sulfide in which the non-ferrous metal has an affinity for oxygen less than that of iron, and the metal has an affinity for sulfur less than that of magnesium. The metals contained in the oxides and sulfides are also not alkali, alkali earth or rare earth metals to reduce the incidence of defect formation in the castings. The metal oxide and metal sulfide, when added to a cast iron melt react with magnesium added to the melt as a spheroidizing graphite element to form nucleation sites having a core of magnesium oxide surrounded by magnesium sulfide. These nucleation sites allow for increased nucleation of graphite, whether in vermicular or spheroidal form, such that the cross-section of the thin-wall iron casting is more uniform, thereby decreasing the amount of carbide formed in the casting and increasing the toughness of the casting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cored wire for introducing additives into a molten metal bath comprising a metallic sheath (5) containing an additive (6), which metallic sheath is covered by a wrapping (7) which, being combustible without leaving harmful residues, momentarily retards the propagation of heat to the core of the cored wire, this cored wire being characterized in that on top of this combustible wrapping, a protective metallic casing encloses the assembly thus constituted by the additive, the metallic sheath and the combustible wrapping.

Abstract: A technique for producing compacted graphite iron utilizes agglomerations, such as briquettes or tablets that include a sulfur-containing material such as iron sulfide. The agglomerations are free of chemical binders and utilize iron and aluminum metal powders and pressure for compaction on either roll presses or tablet machines. Addition of metal powders provides rapid dissolution of the alloy and improved heat transfer. Iron sulfide agglomerations also provide consistent and improved sulfur recoveries compared to granulated iron sulfide additions with little to no sulfur odor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a crack-free insulating refractory material made from a composition comprising 20-80% by weight of a ceramic matrix, 5-40% by weight of insulating microspheres, 0.5-15% by weight of one more binders, 5-20% by weight of a metal or a metal alloy able to melt during the preheating or the first minute of use and 0-25% by weight of water. The ceramic matrix is preferably comprised of vitreous and non-vitreous grains.

Abstract: An additive composition for use in steel making, which comprises 84.8-99.3% by weight of an oxide component; 0.5-1.6% by weight of a metal component; and 0.04-0.07% by weight of a rare-earth element component is used in such a way that its four aliquots are each added in a blast furnace. The amount of the composition to be added is dependent on the steel to be produced. It is used at an amount of 15-17% by weight for special carbonic steel, at 18-20% by weight for special tool and die steel and at 21-25% by weight for special high-speed tool steel.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten pig iron. The desulfurization agent includes a magnesium particle coated with a heat absorbing compound. The heat absorbing compound absorbs heat around the magnesium particle to reduce the rate the magnesium particle vaporizes in the molten iron. The particle size of the magnesium particle is at least about twice the particle size of the heat absorbing compound. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium.

Abstract: Powder product for the protection of molds for centrifugal casting of cast iron tubes, and a method for its production. The powder contains a mixture of a silicon-based inoculating agent and a mineral powder, the silicon-based inoculating product comprising waste masses from synthesis of alkyl- or aryl- halosilanes, from which tin and optionally copper has been removed. The mineral powder may contain at least one material selected from the group consisting of carbon and a fluoride.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exothermic sleeve composition comprising (a) an oxidizable metal where the oxidizable metal comprises fine aluminum as the major component, and (b) an oxidizing agent capable of generating an exothermic reaction. The invention also relates to the use of the sleeve composition to prepare sleeves, the sleeves prepared with the sleeve compositions, and the use of the sleeves to prepare metal castings.

Abstract: A cored wire continuously formed by continuously inserting an extruded core inside a continuously roll formed sheath, the peripheral edges of the roll formed sheath joined by a continuous lock seam. Inspection of the partially formed lock seam at a designated process step serves to warn the user of malformed or defective lock seam portions in the finished cored wire.

Abstract: An article that comprises a fine-grain, homogeneous microstructure is essentially oxide- and sulfide-free and segregation defect free. The article is produced by a process that comprises forming a source of clean refined metal that has oxides and sulfides refined out by electroslag refining; and forming the article by nucleated casting. The invention also sets forth the article made by a system for implementing the clean metal nucleated casting process.

Abstract: An additive for use in producing spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present invention contains a fine particle of magnesium oxide having a purity of 90 weight % or more and at least one selected from the group consisting of a graphite-spheroidizing material, an inoculant and a graphite-spheroidizing inoculant. The fine particle of highly pure magnesium oxide increases the number of nuclei in a melt, and as a result thereof, increases the graphite spheroid count of a spheroidal graphite cast iron being produced. Another additive for use in producing spheroidal graphite cast iron of the present invention contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a graphite-spheroidizing material, an inoculant and a graphite-spheroidizing inoculant, and an oxide of a metal which has, at a temperature of a melt at a time when subjected to a graphite-spheroidizing treatment, an affinity for oxygen smaller than that of a graphite-spheroidizing element being used in the graphite-spheroidizing treatment.

Abstract: Silicon-containing residues, as they accumulate especially during the synthesis of organosilanes out of metallic silicon, and especially methyl chloride, are processed according to the invention to briquettes, being additives for the quality adjustment of cast iron being produced in a cupola furnace in order to avoid either costly regeneration for the recovering of the valuable components or the total dumping of said silicon-containing residues. Besides the silicon-containing residue the briquettes contain 1-10 percent by weight of cardboard fiber, 5-40 percent by weight of hydraulic cement and 0-20 percent by weight of additional additives having influence on the quality of the cast iron. The cement- and cardboard fiber-containing briquettes are mechanically and thermally sufficiently stable with respect to the operation of the melting furnace. The yielding rate of the inserted small-sized silicon in the cast iron is about 85% and reaches thereby the same range of lumpy ferrosilicon.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material includes a PZT ceramic, and a noble metal component. The noble metal component is added to the PZT ceramic in an amount of 0.35 parts by volume or more with respect to 100 parts by volume of the PZT ceramic, and is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt and Au, or is an alloy of silver (Ag) and the noble metal element. A piezoelectric element includes a pair of external electrodes, at least a pair of piezoelectric layers, and a conductive layer. The piezoelectric layers are formed of the PZT ceramic, and are disposed between the external electrodes. The conductive layer is formed of the noble metal component, and is insulated from the external electrodes. The piezoelectric layers and the conductive layer are formed lamellarly, and are laminated alternately in a direction connecting the external electrodes.

Abstract: A desulfurization composition contains from about 3% to about 20% particulate metallic aluminum, about 5% to about 30% particulate alumina, about 0.5% to about 12% particulate hydrocarbon material or other gas generating composition and the balance lime plus impurities. Preferably aluminum dross is the source of aluminum and alumina. The desulfurization composition is injected into molten iron from a blast furnace preferably in an amount of 4 to 20 pounds desulfurizer per ton of hot metal. The desulfurizing composition can be injected as a blend or co-injected into the hot metal through a lance using a carrier gas or dumped into the hot metal as it is being poured into the ladle. At least for torpedo ladles, the desulfurization composition can be placed in the ladle before the hot metal is poured into it.

Abstract: A clean refractory metal sponge fines product is made from refractory metal sponge fines free of refractory metal oxides, carbides, nitrides and binary iron alloys; silicon carbide, oils, greases and organic compounds; salt; dust; dirt; pieces of iron, iron alloy and tungsten carbide; and light contaminants. The sponge fines are vigorously washed and rinsed with a displacement wash to remove the bulk of the wash fluid and subject to a counter-current wash to yield clean refractory metal sponge fines. The clean sponge fines can be pressed into briquettes and sintered at elevated pressures, or mixed with an alkali metal refractory metal halide slat, pressed at elevated pressures into sponge fines/salt briquettes and dried or pressed into briquettes, dried and packaged, or pressed into briquettes and stored wet. The briquettes are non-pyrophoric.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing tantalum capacitors includes preparing a tantalum compact by cold pressing tantalum powder, placing the compact, along with loose refractory metal powder, in a microwave-transparent casket to form an assembly, and heating the assembly for a time sufficient to effect at least partial sintering of the compact and the product made by the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly efficient aluminum covering flux and a process for its preparation. The said covering flux comprises potassium chloride, sodium chloride, lithium chloride, potassium fluoride and sodium hydrosulfate, wherein the composition of the mentioned covering flux is: potassium chloride, 20-65 parts by weight; sodium chloride, 20-65 parts by weight; lithium chloride, 1-20 parts by weight; potassium fluoride, 0.3-5 parts by weight, sodium hydrosulfate, 0.2-3 parts by weight. The said covering flux can effectively prevent the oxidization of aluminum in the process of smelting aluminum and can increase the yield of aluminum.

Abstract: A method for decomposing hydrogen peroxide which comprises contacting the hydrogen peroxide with a catalyst having a surface consisting of a mixture of ruthenium with at least one metal of the group consisting of iridium and platinum in which the ruthenium is about 20 to about 70 atom percent of said metals.

Abstract: A clean refractory metal SWARF particle product is made from refractory metal SWARF. The SWARF particles are produced with coolant at a temperature less than 650.degree. C. to prevent formation of refractory metal oxides and nitrides. The SWARF particles are comminuted to reduce the particle size of the SWARF slivers and to liberate residual coolant The comminuted SWARF slivers are washed with a displacement wash to remove the bulk of the coolant and subject to a counter current wash to remove substantially all of the coolant components to produce to clean SWARF particles. The clean SWARF particles can be pressed into briquettes and sintered at elevated pressures or mixed with an alkali metal refractory metal halide salt, pressed at elevated pressures into SWARF/soft briquettes and dried. The briquettes are non-pyrophoric.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy composite material for brazing has a core member, an Al--Si filler member clad on one surface of the core member and an aluminum alloy cladding member clad on the other side of the core member. The core member is made of an aluminum alloy containing 0.3 to 1.3 wt. % of Si, 0.3 to 1.5 wt. % of Mn, 0.02 to 0.3 wt. % of Ti, and, as required, 0.3 wt. % or less of Cr and 0.2 wt. % or less of Zr, the content of Mg being restricted to 0.2 wt. % or less and the content of the Cu being restricted to 0.2 wt. % or less as an impurity. The cladding member is made of an aluminum alloy containing 0.3 to 3 wt. % of Mg, 5 wt. % or less of Zn, 0.1 to 1.0 wt. % of Si. The thickness of the core member is preferably, 2.5 times or more greater than that of the filler member, falling within a range of 0.1 to 1 mm.

Abstract: A process for production of vanadium-containing agglomerate, includes the steps of providing a spent, vanadium-containing, iron based hydroconversion catalyst; incinerating the spent catalyst in the presence of an oxidizer until a sulfur content of the spent catalyst is reduced to 2% or less by weight; grinding the spent catalyst to a particle size suitable for a desired use; and mixing the spent catalyst with an iron mineral and a binder to form a vanadium-containing agglomerate; and pyroconsolidating the vanadium-containing agglomerate. Agglomerates so obtained exhibit a solid solution structure of ferric oxide and vanadium pentoxide.

Abstract: A feedstock for metal injection molding comprises a reactive metal powder selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium and titanium coated with a less reactive metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, iron, nickel, tin and zinc dispersed in a binder.