Abstract: Effluent water is combined with carbon dioxide sourced from a carbon dioxide-containing emission stream to produce a reaction solution. The pH of the reaction solution is controlled to induce precipitation of a carbonate salt from the reaction solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to granules composed of agglomerated reactive bulk material and a binder matrix, the binder matrix comprising as binder an organic or inorganic salt.

Abstract: A blue light-emitting silicate phosphor favorably employable as a blue light-emitting source of a light-emitting apparatus which gives emission of a visible light upon irradiation of ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 254 nm, such as ultraviolet rays emitted by a fluorescent lamp is produced by a method comprising calcining a powdery mixture comprising a magnesium oxide powder, an MeO source powder, a EuO source powder and a SiO2 source powder, said magnesium oxide powder having a purity of 99.9 wt. % or higher and a BET specific surface area in the range of 3 to 60 m2/g and having been prepared by bringing a metallic magnesium vapor into contact with oxygen whereby oxidizing the metallic magnesium vapor.

Abstract: A method for making an agglomerate of an ore is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the ore with an acid solution and a stucco binder. The stucco binder may include calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The ore agglomerate may include ore, acid solution, and stucco-derived gypsum.

Abstract: Compositions containing tin nanoparticles and electrically conductive particles are described herein. The tin nanoparticles can have a size below about 25 nm so as to make the compositions fusable at temperatures below that of bulk tin (m.p.=232° C.). Particularly, when the tin nanoparticles are less than about 10 nm in size, the compositions can have a fusion temperature of less than about 200° C. The compositions can contain a whisker suppressant to inhibit or substantially minimize the formation of tin whiskers after tin nanoparticle fusion. In some embodiments, the compositions contain tin nanoparticles, electrically conductive particles comprising copper particles, and a whisker suppressant comprising nickel particles. Methods for using the present compositions are also described herein. The present compositions can be used as a lead solder replacement that allows rework to be performed.

Abstract: The present invention is a metal paste for sealing comprising a metal powder and an organic solvent characterized in that the metal powder is one or more kinds of metal powders selected from a gold powder, a silver powder, a platinum powder and a palladium powder which has a purity of 99.9% by weight or more and an average particle size of 0.1 ?m to 1.0 ?m and that the metal powder is contained in a ratio of 85 to 93% by weight and the organic solvent is contained in a ratio of 5 to 15% by weight. This metal paste preferably contains an additive such as a surfactant in accordance with the application method. As a sealing method using this metal paste, there is a method of applying and drying a metal paste, sintering it at 80 to 300° C. to form a metal powder sintered body and after that pressurizing the base member and the cap member while heating the metal powder sintered body.

Abstract: Process for preparing a foaming slag former for electric furnaces comprising the steps of aggregating solid slag particles into a coarser granular material and carbonating the solid slag particles to form the foaming slag former. The solid slag particles are preferably aggregated before carbonization, so that the carbonates form a solid matrix binding the particles together.

Abstract: A therapeutic device for promoting the healing of a wound in a mammal is disclosed. An exemplary device comprises a permeable structure having a plurality of depressions formed in a surface thereof. In use, the surface having the depressions is disposed adjacent a surface of the wound. A method of manufacturing a therapeutic device for promoting the healing of a wound in a mammal comprising the steps of providing a permeable substrate, and forming a plurality of depressions into a surface of the permeable substrate to provide the therapeutic device. A method of treating a wound comprises: providing a permeable structure comprising a plurality of randomly disposed fibers and having i) a plurality of wound surface contact elements disposed between end portions of the structure, and ii) a plurality of voids defined by the contact elements; and applying the permeable structure to at least one surface of the wound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an agglomerate, which is used as a blast furnace feed material, by mixing a fine material containing metal and/or metal oxide, a mineral binder, which comprises a mineral raw material and a lime-based material, and optionally other additives to form a mass and solidifying the mass to form an agglomerate, wherein a raw material comprising a silicon oxide fraction of at least 40 wt %, a fine grain fraction of less than 4 ?m of at least 20 wt %, and a grain size fraction of less than 1 ?m of at least 10 wt % is used as the mineral raw material. The invention further relates to a blast furnace feed material that can be produced by means of the method according to the invention, and to a pre-mixture for producing the blast furnace feed material.

Abstract: Powder which is for a flux-cored wire intended to become alloyed with a molten metal bath and which is formed by particles composed with at least 95% of sulphur, characterised in that its granulometric population is defined by: ?1 ?m?d10?340 ?m; ?200 ?m d50?2000 ?m; ?500 ?m d90?2900 ?m. Sulphur-based flux-cored wire, characterised in that it contains the preceding powder, and in that the compaction rate of the powder within the wire is greater than or equal to 85%. Method for producing a sulphur-based flux-cored wire for alloying with molten metal baths.

Abstract: A method for making an agglomerate of an ore is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the ore with an acid solution and a stucco binder. The stucco binder may include calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The ore agglomerate may include ore, acid solution, and stucco-derived gypsum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vapour-deposition material for the production of optical layers of high refractive index which comprises titanium oxide and gadolinium oxide and/or dysprosium oxide, to a process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bonding method in which a bonded portion having a sufficient bonding strength can be obtained at a relatively low temperature, for example, in die bonding a semiconductor chip. A metal paste 20 was applied to a semiconductor chip 10, the metal paste 20 consisting of metal powder of one or more kinds selected from gold powder, silver powder, platinum powder, and palladium powder having a purity not lower than 99.9 wt % and an average particle diameter of 0.005 ?m to 1.0 ?m and an organic solvent. After being applied, the metal paste 20 was dried in a vacuum in a dryer. The chip was heated at 230° C. for 30 minutes to sinter the metal paste, by which a metal powder sintered compact 21 was formed. Next, a nickel plate 30 was placed on the semiconductor chip 10, and bonded to the semiconductor chip 10 by heating and pressurization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing binderless briquettes from metal chips and metal dusts in which the metal chips are pressed into a cup-shaped form and the upwardly open cavity produced as a result is filled with metal dust, after which the opening is closed with a cover consisting of pressed metal chips.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vapour-deposition material for the production of optical layers of high refractive index which comprises titanium oxide and ytterbium oxide in a molar ratio of from 4:1 to 1:4, to a process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Compositions for mercury dispensing in lamps are disclosed, comprising a first component comprising mercury and at least a metal selected between titanium and zirconium and a second component consisting of aluminum or either a compound or an alloy including at least 40% by weight of aluminum, wherein the weight ratio between the first and the second component is equal to or lower than 9:1; optionally, the compositions may also include a third component, selected among metals or oxides capable of reacting exothermically with aluminum.

Abstract: A method for preparing particles to retain a charge such that the particles are rendered electrostatically or electrokinetically mobile. The method involves coating the particles with a coating medium which facilitates attachment of a charge director material, and contacting the particles with the coating medium thereon with a charge director medium to impart a positive or negative charge thereto and thereby render the particles electrostatically or electrokinetically mobile. Electrostatically and electrokinetically mobile particles for use in an electrostatic or electrokinetic deposition process. The particles include a coating medium and a charge director on particle bodies.

Abstract: A green metal body is comprised of metal particles and a binder in the shape of an orthodontic bracket and/or base plate. The green metal body is fabricated by being laser-cut with a laser to shape the green metal body into the shape of an orthodontic bracket and/or or to carve recesses and/or undercuts into the bonding surface of the bracket. The green metal body is sintered to shrink its volume into a denser and less porous sintered metal body configured to be an orthodontic bracket. The resultant sintered orthodontic bracket includes recesses and/or undercuts in the bonding surface to provide a mechanical aspect when bonded to a tooth.

Abstract: The inventive method for producing refractory high-strength spherical granules consists in separately presintering kaolin and bauxite in a rotational furnace, jointly sintering said components in order to produce a charging material, granulating, drying and screening said charging material, sintering said granules in the rotational furnace and screening the sintered granules. Said sintered kaoline is produced by sintering at a temperature ranging from 1400 to 1500 DEG C so far as a water absorption of 5% is attained for kaoline containing 40-45 mass % and a free quartz in a quantity equal to or greater than 60 mass %. The Al2O3:SiO2 ratio in the charging material is equal to 1:1 at the following charging material component ratio: 36-67 mass % sintered kaolin and the rest being sintered bauxite.

Abstract: A silver recovery and monitoring system including a sensor for transmitting a silver concentration signal in response to the concentration of silver in a fluid, means for determining whether the silver concentration signal indicates the concentration of silver in the fluid to be above a predetermined silver level and for initiating a silver alert signal in response to a determination that the silver concentration signal indicates the concentration of silver in the fluid to be above the predetermined silver level, and means for transmitting a notification signal to a silver monitoring station in response to the silver alert signal.

Abstract: Self-reducing agglomerates are provided for use in the production of metal. The agglomerates comprise a mixture of iron oxide containing particles and particles of a reducing agent bonded by use of a pre-gel. The agglomerates are produced by a method and apparatus that provides for mixing and curing thereof. The agglomerates may then be used for reduction thereof for the production of iron.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reducing furnace of the rotary hearth-type and a method for reducing a metal oxide simplified in the process from dehydration to molding, according to which a moisture-rich powdery raw material is reduced at low cost. The present invention also provides an operation method whereby dusts or sludge generated in the refining or processing of metal are economically recycled. A powdery mixture having a moisture content of 100% or higher relative to the total mass of a metal oxide-containing powder and a carbon-containing powder is made into a slurry and mixed by stirring. Thereafter, the slurry is dehydrated to a moisture content of 16 to 26% and compression-molded into articles. The cylindrical or granular shaped articles having a thickness or diameter of 30 mm or less thus obtained are fed to a zone the atmospheric temperature of which is 1170° C. or lower in the furnace and reduced through calcination by a rotary hearth reducing furnace thereby to provide a metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and facility for preventing crumbling and powderization of green pellets when producing high strength green pellets using a powder feedstock and using the pellets in a rotary hearth reducing furnace and for efficiently reducing the same. It comprises kneading by a kneader 5 a feedstock of a powder of a fine particle size (20 to 80 wt % having size of not more than 10 &mgr;m) including a metal oxide and carbon-bearing powder fed from a feed storage tank 1 and producing green pellets by a pan type pelletized 7. The green pellets are screened by a pellet screen 9, then dried by a pellet dryer 11 and reduced by firing in a rotary hearth reducing furnace 13. At that time, the green pellets are continuously conveyed to prevent crumbling.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of desulfurizing hot metal, which method utilizes desulfurization slag resulting from a KR hot metal desulfurizing treatment as a desulfurizing agent for hot metal again to reduce hot metal desulfurization costs and the amount of slag generated, thereby solving environmental problems.

Abstract: Briquettes for the liquefaction of metallurgical slag are formed from a mixture containing, by weight, 85-98% slag from secondary aluminium processing, 1 to 8% polyvinyl acetate dispersion as the polymeric bonding agent and the remainder water, the briquettes containing water in the form of residue humidity at a quantity of maximally 1.5%, ideally no more than 0.5%, in relation to the overall weight of the briquettes, and the briquettes have a specific weight of 1,500-5,000 kg.m−3 and a compression strength of at least 20 MPa. Ideally, the mixture contains 90-92% slag from secondary aluminium processing, 1 to 3% polyvinyl acetate dispersion and the remainder water. The mixture may also contain 0.5-2% unsaturated acid, selected from the group containing oleic acid and/or palmitic acid and/or stearic acid, as a hydrophobic ingredient. The ideal shape of the briquettes is cylindrical.

Abstract: Metal baghouse dust can be solidified and thereby used for a variety of different purposes including a binder material by blending the electric arc furnace dust with a reducing agent such as ferrous chloride or ferrous sulphate. This forms a solidified mass which has excellent hardness and high temperature strength enabling it to be directly added to molten metal. Particles coated with hardened metal baghouse dust can be used in the Midrix process or can be used to add carbon to molten metal. This is an excellent way to dispose of waste metal baghouse dust.

Abstract: Specific recycle materials are blended with hot slag and wet sludge to make a recyclable steelmaking revert. The specific recycle materials are kish, lime, glass, ferro-manganese and the like. The specific materials are blended with the slag and sludge individually or in any desirable combination to form a steelmaking revert. After the recycle materials are blended with the slag and sludge, the recycle blend slag/sludge mixture is allowed to rest to bring the moisture content to less than 10% by weight. The steelmaking revert and process for making the same reduce the need for steelmaking raw materials by employing recycle materials from land fills. Thus, the cost of steel production is reduced.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten pig iron. The desulfurization agent includes a magnesium particle coated with a heat absorbing compound. The heat absorbing compound absorbs heat around the magnesium particle to reduce the rate the magnesium particle vaporizes in the molten iron. The particle size of the magnesium particle is at least about twice the particle size of the heat absorbing compound. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten pig iron. The desulfurization agent includes a magnesium particle coated with a heat absorbing compound. The heat absorbing compound absorbs heat around the magnesium particle to reduce the rate the magnesium particle vaporizes in the molten iron. The particle size of the magnesium particle is at least about twice the particle size of the heat absorbing compound. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium.

Abstract: A synthetic resin fuel for stable production of pig iron in a blast furnace. It is in the form of cylindrical pellets, each measuring X mm in thickness and Y mm in diameter, with X and Y satisfying the three expressions of 3.0≦X≦10, 2≦Y≦20, and Y/X≧1.5. The cylindrical pellets are produced by melting a resin, solidifying the melt, and cutting the solidified product. The cylindrical pellets should preferably contain more than 0.05 wt % of water. A process for producing pig iron in a blast furnace by blowing a synthetic resin fuel into a blast furnace through tuyeres, wherein said synthetic resin fuel is in the form of cylindrical pellets, each measuring X mm in thickness and Y mm in diameter, with X and Y satisfying the above-mentioned three expressions. The cylindrical pellets should preferably have a size distribution such that those having a diameter within ±20 % of the average diameter account for more than 70 wt %.

Abstract: The tundish flux composition of the invention employs solid recycled ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag as a fluidizing and refining base ingredient in a mixture of raw materials. The preferred recycled LMF slag material comprises about 35% to about 65% CaO, about 10% to about 35% Al2O3, about 1% to about 10% SiO2, about 3% to about 15% MgO, about 0.3% to about 10% FeO, about 0.1% to about 5% MnO, about 0.1% to about 0.15% P2O5, and about 0.1% to about 0.5% S. The tundish flux composition comprises from about 10% to about 80% of recycled LMF slag with the balance being raw materials selected from a calcium oxide source, a fluorine source, a magnesium oxide source, a carbon source, a silica source, a sodium source, a potassium source, and mixtures of these raw materials.

Abstract: Silicon-containing residues, as they accumulate especially during the synthesis of organosilanes out of metallic silicon, and especially methyl chloride, are processed according to the invention to briquettes, being additives for the quality adjustment of cast iron being produced in a cupola furnace in order to avoid either costly regeneration for the recovering of the valuable components or the total dumping of said silicon-containing residues. Besides the silicon-containing residue the briquettes contain 1-10 percent by weight of cardboard fiber, 5-40 percent by weight of hydraulic cement and 0-20 percent by weight of additional additives having influence on the quality of the cast iron. The cement- and cardboard fiber-containing briquettes are mechanically and thermally sufficiently stable with respect to the operation of the melting furnace. The yielding rate of the inserted small-sized silicon in the cast iron is about 85% and reaches thereby the same range of lumpy ferrosilicon.

Abstract: Briquettes of either technical or chemical grade molybdenum oxide and a binding material selected from the group consisting of (a) sodium hydroxide, and (b) a binding composition comprising (i) at least one of ammonium and an alkali metal hydroxide, and (ii) an inert filler that has a d.sub.80 particle size at least about the same d.sub.80 particle size of the molybdenum oxide exhibit excellent resistance to breakage and dusting.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a briquette of waste materials as an aggregate for smelting furnaces of an iron foundry, in particular in cupola furnaces or other shaft furnaces. The object of the invention is to disclose the use of a briquette of waste materials as an aggregate for smelting furnaces of an iron foundry, in that it can be produced in an economical manner, is sufficiently heat-resistant, is present with a similar alloy composition even with fluctuating contents in the starting components and does not result in any additional charge of pollutants into the smelting process.

Abstract: A desulfurization composition contains from about 3% to about 20% particulate metallic aluminum, about 5% to about 30% particulate alumina, about 0.5% to about 12% particulate hydrocarbon material or other gas generating composition and the balance lime plus impurities. Preferably aluminum dross is the source of aluminum and alumina. The desulfurization composition is injected into molten iron from a blast furnace preferably in an amount of 4 to 20 pounds desulfurizer per ton of hot metal. The desulfurizing composition can be injected as a blend or co-injected into the hot metal through a lance using a carrier gas or dumped into the hot metal as it is being poured into the ladle. At least for torpedo ladles, the desulfurization composition can be placed in the ladle before the hot metal is poured into it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly efficient aluminum covering flux and a process for its preparation. The said covering flux comprises potassium chloride, sodium chloride, lithium chloride, potassium fluoride and sodium hydrosulfate, wherein the composition of the mentioned covering flux is: potassium chloride, 20-65 parts by weight; sodium chloride, 20-65 parts by weight; lithium chloride, 1-20 parts by weight; potassium fluoride, 0.3-5 parts by weight, sodium hydrosulfate, 0.2-3 parts by weight. The said covering flux can effectively prevent the oxidization of aluminum in the process of smelting aluminum and can increase the yield of aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention broadly relates to novel aluminum nitride matrix ceramic composite bodies for use as refractory materials and methods for making the same. The refractory materials are useful in environments which are corrosive, erosive, abrasive and/or which generate thermal shock. Such environments include furnaces, and associated apparatus which house or contact molten masses including, for example, molten metals, molten glasses, etc. The preferred method for making the aluminum nitride matrix ceramic composites comprises a directed oxidation of molten metal.

Abstract: Process for producing agglomerates, e.g., by pelletizing a particulate inorganic material for example an ore material, characterized by the addition to the agglomerated material of an organic fibrous material, especially a polyacrylonitrile fiber material, to bind and thereby enhance the properties of the agglomerates and recovery of metal values therefrom.

Abstract: A method of processing hot dross resulting from an aluminum smelting process is carried out as follows. First, the hot dross is filled in a hollow container which has a porous bottom plate closing a bottom opening of the container. A solid plate is placed on the filled hot dross. Then, an impact load is applied successively on the hot dross via the solid plate by an appropriate hammer mechanism. By the application of successive impact load, the air and aluminum content in a molten state are expelled from the dross and discharged through the porous bottom plate. The resultant solidified dross contains metal aluminum content without oxidized or nitrided, and therefore is suitable for use as a deoxidant utilized in deoxidizing process of oxidation smelting of steel.

Abstract: A process for the agglomeration of flue gas desulfurization dust is disclosed comprising the steps of introducing flue gas desulfurization dust as feed material into a conventional, high-intensity mixing device and admixing with water to form spheroidal agglomerates ranging in size from a Tyler number of about 40 mesh to about 1/2 inches in size. The agglomerates are either dried to ambient temperature, or by dusting them with a portion of the dry feed material, and recovered. The process can effectively agglomerate any calcium- and sulfur-containing flue gas desulfurization dust by adjusting the amount of water added and providing for the proper amount of mixing energy and duration. The mixing device can be selected from any one of a group of conventional, high-intensity mixers consisting of, but not limited to, a pin mixer, paddle mixer, plow mixer, pan pelletizer and disc pelletizer.

Abstract: Process for producing agglomerates, e.g., by pelletizing a particulate inorganic material, for example, an ore material, characterized by the addition to the agglomerated material of an organic fibrous material, especially a polyacrylonitrile fiber material, to bind and thereby enhance the properties of the agglomerates and recovery of metal values therefrom.

Abstract: A binder for pelletizing particulate mineral material. The binder including about 30-99.5% modified native starch, and about 0.2-80% of water-dispersible polymer material selected from the group consisting of water-dispersible natural gums, water-dispersible pectins, water-dispersible starch derivatives, water-dispersible cellulose derivatives, water-dispersible vinyl polymers, water-dispersible acrylic polymers and mixtures thereof. Alternate embodiments include from about 0.5-50% lignosulfonates and/or about 0.2-40% soda ash. Mineral ore concentrate is also disclosed as are mineral ore and iron ore pellets. In addition, methods of binding particulate mineral material and of making mineral ore pellets are also disclosed.

Abstract: A binder composition and method for its use to bind metal ores in a pelletizing process is disclosed. The composition includes the use of superabsorbent cross-linked polymers alone or in combination with at least one of the materials chosen from linear water-soluble vinyl addition polymers and polysaccharides.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the quantitative removal and concentration of desired transition metal ions from a source solution which may contain larger concentrations of other metal and H.sup.+ ions. The method comprises bringing the source solution into contact with a compound comprising a pyridine containing ligand covalently bonded through an organic spacer silicon grouping to a solid inorganic support. The pyridine portion(s) of the compound has an affinity for the desired metal ions to form a complex thereby removing the desired metal ions from the source solution. The desired metal ions are removed from the compound by contacting the compound with a much smaller volume of a receiving solution having a greater affinity for the desired metal ions than does the pyridine ligand portion of the compound. The concentrated metal ions thus removed may be recovered by known methods.

Abstract: A chromium additive of the formula: Cr.sub.x C.sub.y O.sub.z where 0.04.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.35, and 0.03.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.30 for x=1, said additive having an X ray diffraction peak at d=3.32 .ANG. (2.theta.=26.8.degree.).

Abstract: An agglomerative heap leaching method for recovering gold, silver or other metals from low grade refractory ores. Hypochlorite compounds are incorporated directly into the ore agglomerates as they are formed. This provides ample time and opportunity for the hypochlorite to destroy, modify or passivate refractory components of the ore thereby improving metal recovery in the subsequent cyanide leaching step.