Abstract: A MEMS nanotube based radiation sensor that is low cost, low power, compact, reliable and is applicable across many fields and a method for fabricating such a sensor are described. Each sensor may be connected to an array of similar but distinct sensors that leverage different materials and nanotube technology to detect radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a biomolecular sensor and a method of fabricating the same having high sensitivity and resolution by using a plurality of metal plates that change electrical properties of a plurality of nanostructures according to the attachment of biomolecules. The biomolecular sensor includes a substrate, first and second electrodes disposed to be spaced apart from each other on the substrate, a plurality of nanostructures disposed on the substrate to connect the first and second electrodes to each other, and a plurality of metal plates that change electrical properties of the plurality of nanostructures according to the attachment of biomolecules.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting phosgene includes a pair of electrodes separated by an electrode gap, and a layer of conducting polymer material positioned over and making electrical contact with the pair of electrodes, the layer of conducting polymer material being modified with an amine such that the electrical resistance of the conducting polymer material measured across the electrodes is responsive to changes in an amount of phosgene to which the conducting polymer material is exposed.

Abstract: Disclosed are nanocomposite-based biosensors. The biosensors include an electrode, a nanocomposite over the surface of the electrode, the nanocomposite comprising a population of carbon nanotubes and a population of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in the population of carbon nanotubes, wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise a ferromagnetic metal or compound thereof, and one or more biomolecules over the surface of the electrode, wherein the biomolecules are capable of undergoing a redox reaction with a target molecule. Also disclosed are nanocomposites, modified electrodes, kits, and methods for using the biosensors.

Abstract: The application generally describes devices, systems, and methods for determination of one or more analytes. Embodiments described herein may be useful as sensors for analytes such as explosives, chemical warfare agents, and/or toxins. In some cases, chemiresistor or chemFET sensor devices for monitoring volatile organics, especially chemical warfare agents such as sarin, are described. Some embodiments comprise functionalized carbon nanotube/conjugated polymer composites (6) as sensing material. In some embodiments, the polymer is poly(3-hexylthiophene), 3PHT, optionally substituted with calixarenes, or hexafluoroisopropanol susbstituted polythiophene, HFIP-PT. Biosensing embodiments are also described, as well as methods of manufacturing the devices.

Abstract: Devices and methods for detecting the length of analytes, and/or sequencing analytes are provided in which two or more electrical signals are obtained as an analyte traverses a fluidic channel. Detection of the relative position of probes hybridized to a biopolymer and/or the length of the analyte (e.g., a biopolymer) does not rely on the absolute time between detection events of a given electrical signal to determine a distance associated with the biopolymer. Instead, multiple signals are obtained as functions of time) corresponding to a plurality of detector volumes at known locations along a fluidic channel through which the biopolymer passes, and the distances are determined from the multiple signals.

Abstract: An electronic system for selectively detecting and identifying a plurality of chemical species, which comprises an array of nanostructure sensing devices, is disclosed. Within the array, there are at least two different selectivities for sensing among the nanostructure sensing devices. Methods for fabricating the electronic system are also disclosed. The methods involve modifying nanostructures within the devices to have different selectivity for sensing chemical species. Modification can involve chemical, electrochemical, and self-limiting point defect reactions. Reactants for these reactions can be supplied using a bath method or a chemical jet method. Methods for using the arrays of nanostructure sensing devices to detect and identify a plurality of chemical species are also provided.

Abstract: A method and communication system for ophthalmic device manufacturing line is disclosed. More specifically, the communication device may be incorporated in early stages of manufacturing of the ophthalmic device to monitor process controls without delay. In some embodiments, a unique pedigree profile can be stored for an ophthalmic device during manufacturing and correlated with one or more of: design profiles, controlled process parameters, performance, and distribution channels.

Abstract: Devices and methods for detecting an analyte are provided. Devices for voltage sensing of analytes may comprise a fluidic channel defined in a substrate, a pair of sensing electrodes disposed in a fluidic channel for sensing voltage therein, and a pair of electromotive electrodes for applying potential along the fluidic channel. The pair of sensing electrodes may include a first and second sensing electrode disposed at two discrete locations along the length of the fluidic channel and the pair of electromotive electrodes may be disposed at a first end and a second end of the fluidic channel. The fluidic channel may include a nanochannel or a microchannel.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an object capable of emitting light. The apparatus comprises a light source and a waveguide. The waveguide comprises a core layer and a first cladding layer. At least one nanowell is formed in at least the first cladding layer. The apparatus further comprises a light detector. The light detector can detect a light emitted from a single molecule object contained in the at least one nanowell.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an object capable of emitting light. The apparatus includes a light source and a waveguide. The waveguide includes a core layer and a first cladding layer. At least one nanowell is formed in at least the first cladding layer. The apparatus further includes a light detector. The light detector can detect a light emitted from a single molecule object contained in the at least one nanowell.

Abstract: A chronoamperometric method and device to determine concentration of an electrochemically active species in a fluid and pH of the fluid. A plurality of sets of calibration relationships may be determined for a sensor in an aqueous solution, the sensor having one or more working electrodes and one or more reference electrodes. A first plurality of potentials may be applied across the working and reference electrodes of the sensor in solution, and a first plurality of currents and current differences obtained as a function of the applied first plurality of potentials. Concentration of an electrochemically active species may then be determined as a function of the obtained first plurality of currents and current differences using the plural sets of calibration relationships, and pH of the solution may be determined as a function of the obtained first plurality of currents and current differences using the plural sets of calibration relationships.

Abstract: A network of nanowires may be used for a sensor. The nanowires are metallic, each nanowire has a thickness of at most 20 nm, and each nanowire has a width of at most 20 nm. The sensor may include nanowires comprising Pd, and the sensor may sense a change in hydrogen concentration from 0 to 100%. A device may include the hydrogen sensor, such as a vehicle, a fuel cell, a hydrogen storage tank, a facility for manufacturing steel, or a facility for refining petroleum products.

Abstract: A method of making a low-dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising exfoliating MoS2, applying the monolayer flakes of MoS2 onto a SiO2/Si wafer, applying a methylmethacrylate (MMA)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) film, defining trenches for the deposition of metal contacts, and depositing one of Ti/Au, Au, and Pt in the trench and resulting in a MoS2 sensor. A low-dimensional material chemical vapor sensor comprising monolayer flakes of MoS2, trenches in the SiO2/Si wafer, metal contacts in the trenches, and thereby resulting in a MoS2 sensor. A full spectrum sensing suite comprising similarly fabricated parallel sensors made from a variety of low-dimensional materials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, MoS2, BN, and the family of transition metal dichalcogenides. The sensing suites are small, robust, sensitive, low-power, inexpensive, and fast in their response to chemical vapor analytes.

Abstract: There is provided a nanopore disposed in a support structure, with a fluidic connection between a first fluidic reservoir and an inlet to the nanopore and a second fluidic connection between a second fluidic reservoir and an outlet from the nanopore first ionic solution of a first buffer concentration is disposed in the first reservoir and a second ionic solution of a second buffer concentration, different than the first concentration, is disposed in the second reservoir, with the nanopore providing the sole path of fluidic communication between the first and second reservoirs. An electrical connection is disposed at a location in the nanopore sensor that develops an electrical signal indicative of electrical potential local to at least one site in the nanopore sensor as an object translocates through the nanopore between the two reservoirs.

Abstract: A technique for nanodevice is provided. A reservoir is filled with an ionic fluid. A membrane separates the reservoir, and the membrane includes electrode layers separated by insulating layers in which the electrode layers have an organic coating. A nanopore is formed through the membrane, and the organic coating on the electrode layers forms transient bonds to a base of a molecule in the nanopore. When a first voltage is applied to the electrode layers a tunneling current is generated by the base in the nanopore, and the tunneling current travels through the transient bonds formed to the base to be measured as a current signature for distinguishing the base.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrodes for electrochemical analysis comprising: —an insulating surface; —carbon nanotubes situated on the insulating surface at a density of at least 0.1 ?mCNT Um?2; and —an electrically conducting material in electrical contact with the carbon nanotubes; wherein the carbon nanotubes cover an area of no more than about 5.0% of the insulating surface. Methods of making such electrodes and assay devices or kits with such electrodes, are also provided.

Abstract: Sensors and detection systems suitable for measuring analytes, such as biomolecule, organic and inorganic species, including environmentally and medically relevant volatiles and gases, such as NO, NO2, CO2, NH3, H2, CO and the like, are provided. Certain embodiments of nanostructured sensor systems are configured for measurement of medically important gases in breath. Applications include the measurement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in breath, such as for the monitoring or diagnosis of asthma and other pulmonary conditions.

Abstract: A nano particle tracking device includes a channel structure. The channel structure of the nano particle tracking device includes a pair of microchannels in which a specimen including nano particles is accommodated and which face each other, at least one nano channel which is between the pair of microchannels, which connects the pair of microchannels to each other and through which the nano particles in the specimen are moved, and a nano grating below the nano channel and crossing the nano channel perpendicularly.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrodes for electrochemical analysis comprising: —an insulating surface; —carbon nanotubes situated on the insulating surface at a density of at least 0.1 ?mCNT Um?2; and —an electrically conducting material in electrical contact with the carbon nanotubes; wherein the carbon nanotubes cover an area of no more than about 5.0% of the insulating surface. Methods of making such electrodes and assay devices or kits with such electrodes, are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a graphene nanoribbon sensor. The sensor includes a substrate, a graphene layer formed on the substrate in a first direction, and an upper dielectric layer on the graphene layer. Here, the graphene layer may have a plurality of electrode regions respectively separated in the first direction and a channel between the plurality of electrode regions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention integrate carbon nanotubes on a CMOS substrate using localized heating. An embodiment can allow the CMOS substrate to be in a room-temperature environment during the carbon nanotube growth process. Specific embodiments utilize a maskless post-CMOS microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process. The post-CMOS MEMS process according to an embodiment of the present invention provides a carbon nanotube growth process that is foundry CMOS compatible. The maskless process, according to an embodiment, eliminates the need for photomasks after the CMOS fabrication and can preserve whatever feature sizes are available in the foundry CMOS process. Embodiments integrate single-walled carbon nanotube devices into a CMOS platform.

Abstract: A composition of graphene-based nanomaterials and a method of preparing the composition are provided. A carbon-based precursor is dissolved in water to form a precursor suspension. The precursor suspension is placed onto a substrate, thereby forming a precursor assembly. The precursor assembly is annealed, thereby forming the graphene-based nanomaterials. The graphene-based nanomaterials are crystallographically ordered at least in part and configured to form a plurality of diffraction rings when probed by an incident electron beam. In one aspect, the graphene-based nanomaterials are semiconducting. In one aspect, a method of engineering an energy bandgap of graphene monoxide generally includes providing at least one atomic layer of graphene monoxide having a first energy bandgap, and applying a substantially planar strain is applied to the graphene monoxide, thereby tuning the first energy band gap to a second energy bandgap.

Abstract: A method for wetting a nanopore device includes filling a first cavity of the nanopore device with a first buffer solution having a first potential hydrogen (pH) value, filling a second cavity of the nanopore device with a second buffer solution having a second pH value, wherein the nanopore device includes a transistor portion having a first surface, an opposing second surface, and an orifice communicative with the first surface and the second surface, the first surface partially defining the first cavity, the second surface partially defining the second cavity, applying a voltage in the nanopore device, and measuring a current in the nanopore device, the current having a current path partially defined by the first cavity, the second cavity, and the orifice.

Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical analysis is described, the electrode comprising: an insulating surface; a three-dimensional network of carbon nanotubes situated on the insulating surface; and an electrically conducting material in electrical contact with the carbon nanotubes; wherein the carbon nanotubes are oriented substantially parallel to the insulating surface. Also described is a method of manufacturing the electrode, and a method of electrochemically analysing a solution using electrodes of this type, and an associated assay device or kit.

Abstract: A tunable nanoscale resonator has potential applications in precise mass, force, position, and frequency measurement. One embodiment of this device consists of a specially prepared multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) suspended between a metal electrode and a mobile, piezoelectrically controlled contact. By harnessing a unique telescoping ability of MWNTs, one may controllably slide an inner nanotube core from its outer nanotube casing, effectively changing its length and thereby changing the tuning of its resonance frequency. Resonant energy transfer may be used with a nanoresonator to detect molecules at a specific target oscillation frequency, without the use of a chemical label, to provide label-free chemical species detection.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and systems of modulating step function phenomena by varying nanoparticle size—particularly wherein a plurality of such nanoparticles are employed, and wherein said nanoparticles comprise a size distribution favorable for collectively smoothing the step function. Such methods and systems are particularly favorable for hydrogen sensors.

Abstract: Devices and methods for fast, sensitive hydrogen gas detection using a single palladium nanowire. In one embodiment, a hydrogen sensor comprises a palladium nanowire extending between metal contacts. The palladium nanowire is not subject to fracturing when exposed to hydrogen. The nanowire is able to rapidly and reversibly detect hydrogen as a resistance increase down to 2 ppm with excellent reproducibility and baseline stability at room temperature.

Abstract: Provided is a chemical sensor that may include a first electrode on a substrate, a sensing member covering the first electrode on the substrate, and a plurality of second electrodes on a surface of the sensing member exposing the surface of the sensing member. The chemical sensor may be configured to measure the change in electrical characteristics when a compound to be sensed is adsorbed on the sensing member. Provided also is a chemical sensor array including an array of chemical sensors.

Abstract: A multi-sensor as disclosed herein can include a substrate and at least three sensing elements disposed on the substrate. Each sensing element includes two electrodes separated by a distance and a nanowire mat adjacent to and in contact with the electrodes. The nanowire mats include nanowires which define a percolation network. The density of the nanowires in the nanowire mat of one sensing element is different than the density of the nanowires in the nanowire mat of either of the other at least two sensing elements.

Abstract: A method for making a conductive polymer composite for detecting a gas includes forming a porous conductive layer of a conductive powder on a substrate, applying a polymer solution containing a solvent and a gas responsive polymer material dissolved in the solvent to the porous conductive layer such that a portion of the polymer solution penetrates into the porous conductive layer and the remainder of the polymer solution forms a thin film covering a top of the porous conductive layer, the gas responsive polymer material being capable of adsorbing and desorbing the gas, and removing the solvent from the polymer solution so as to form a polymer matrix covering the porous conductive layer.

Abstract: A chemical substance sensing element 142 for detecting a specific chemical substance included in biological information includes a carbon nanostructure and, because of metal complex or a fluorescent molecule modifying its surface, exhibits substance selectivity and high sensitivity. Of the substances modifying the surface of carbon nanostructures, CoPc reacts with NO and pentane and DAF-2 reacts with NO, as the components contained in the biological information, respectively, and both produce reaction products. The reaction product derived from CoPc changes electric resistance between nodes 154 and 156, and the reaction product derived from DAF-2 generates fluorescence of a specific wavelength when irradiated with excitation light. Therefore, by measuring the change in electric resistance or presence/absence and wavelength of fluorescent of the present element, sensing of NO or pentane is possible.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing boron nanoparticles, characterised in that it comprises at least the following steps: synthesising a boron/lithium LiB intermetallic compound by reacting a mixture of boron and lithium in a reactor, preferably under a vacuum and temperature of 650° C.; transferring and hydrolysing the boron/lithium intermetallic compound in order to produce boron nanoparticles, by immersion in a bath containing water at ambient temperature, under a neutral gas atmosphere such as argon; and separating the boron nanoparticles, especially by tangential filtration, from the other compounds produced by the hydrolysis reaction. The invention also relates to the use of boron nanoparticles.

Abstract: Embodiments of nanoelectronic sensors are described, including sensors for detecting analytes such ammonia. An environmental control system employing nanoelectronic sensors is described. A personnel safety system configured as a disposable badge employing nanoelectronic sensors is described. A method of dynamic sampling and exposure of a sensor providing a number of operational advantages is described.

Abstract: Embodiments of nanoelectronic sensors are described, including sensors for detecting analytes inorganic gases, organic vapors, biomolecules, viruses and the like. A number of embodiments of capacitive sensors having alternative architectures are described. Particular examples include integrated cell membranes and membrane-like structures in nanoelectronic sensors.

Abstract: A gas sensor, which is extremely compact to be arranged for separated gas piping in semiconductor device manufacturing equipment, a gas measuring system using such gas sensor, and a gas detection module for the gas measuring system. The gas sensor has a gas detection device containing a dielectric semiconductor, the electric conductivity of the gas detection device varying in response to the degree of adsorption of gases to the gas detection device, a capacitive element connected in series to the gas detection device, and a pair of electrodes which are connected to electric terminals of an electric element comprising the gas detection device and the capacitive element, wherein the gas sensor is capable of detecting the degree of adsorption of gases to the gas detection device from an electrical response to a voltage which is applied to the electrodes and which periodically varies and reverses in polarity.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for detecting at least one chemical analyte vapour in a gaseous environment comprising the steps of: providing a fibre-based electrochemical sensor, said fibre-based sensor comprising at least one type of composite fibres, said type of composite fibres comprising a co-continuous phase blend comprising a first and a second continuous polymer phase, the first polymer phase being sensitive to the chemical analyte vapour to be detected in use, wherein said first polymer phase comprises a dispersion of carbon nanotubes at a concentration above the percolation threshold and wherein the chemical analyte is soluble in said first polymer phase; measuring the initial electrical conductivity of the fibre-based sensor; bringing said fibre-based sensor into contact with at least one chemical analyte to induce a modification of the electrical conductivity of the fibres; measuring the modification of the resulting electrical conductivity of said fibre-based sensor and correla

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method and system is provided for detecting target materials using a combination of stroboscopic signal amplification and Raman spectroscopy techniques.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are formed on projections on a substrate. A metal, such as nickel is deposited on the substrate with optional platforms, and heated to form the projections. Carbon nanotubes are formed from the projections by heating in an ethylene, methane or CO atmosphere. A heat sensor is also formed proximate the carbon nanotubes. When exposed to IR radiation, the heat sensor detects changes in temperature representative of the IR radiation. In a gas sensor, a thermally isolated area, such as a pixel is formed on a substrate with an integrated heater. A pair of conductors each have a portion adjacent a portion of the other conductor with projections formed on the adjacent portions of the conductors. Multiple carbon nanotubes are formed between the conductors from one projection to another. IV characteristics of the nanotubes are measured between the conductors in the presence of a gas to be detected.

Abstract: An effective sensor for indicating exposure to a toxic gas includes a non-conductive, inert substrate such as glass or polyethylene, a two-dimensional film of nanoparticles of a conductive metal such as silver or copper on the substrate and an electrode connected to each end of the film. When an electrical current passes through the film and the sensor is exposed to a toxic gas, changes in the electrical resistance of the film provides an indication of the presence of the toxic gas.

Abstract: Nanostructures comprising carbon and metal catalyst that are formed on a substrate, such as a silicon substrate, are contacted with a composition that, among other useful modifications, protects the nano structures and renders them stable in the presence of oxidizing agents in an aqueous environment. The protected nano structures are rendered stable over an extended period of time and thereby remain useful during such period as components of an electrode, for example, for detecting electrochemical species such as free chlorine, total chlorine, or both in water.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a sensor comprising a nanowire on a support substrate with a first semiconductor layer arranged on the support substrate is disclosed. The method comprises forming a fin structure from the first semiconductor layer, the fin structure comprising at least two supporting portions and a fin portion arranged there between; oxidizing at least the fin portion of the fin structure thereby forming the nanowire being surrounded by a first layer of oxide; and forming an insulating layer above the supporting portions; wherein the supporting portions and the first insulating layer form a microfluidic channel. A nanowire sensor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A p-type semiconductor nanowire transistor is formed on the first semiconductor nanowire and an n-type semiconductor nanowire transistor is formed on the second semiconductor nanowire. The first and second semiconductor nanowires have a rectangular cross-sectional area with different width-to-height ratios. The type of semiconductor nanowires for each semiconductor nanowire transistor is selected such that top and bottom surfaces provide a greater on-current per unit width than sidewall surfaces in a semiconductor nanowire having a greater width-to-height ratio, while sidewall surfaces provide a greater on-current per unit width than top and bottom surfaces in the other semiconductor nanowire having a lesser width-to-height ratio. Different types of stress-generating material layers may be formed on the first and second semiconductor nanowire transistors to provide opposite types of stress, which may be employed to enhance the on-current of the first and second semiconductor nanowire transistors.

Abstract: Methods and sensors for selective fluid sensing are provided. A sensor includes a resonant inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) circuit and a sensing material disposed over a sensing region. The sensing region comprises at least a portion of the LCR circuit. Temperature-dependent response coefficients of inductance L, capacitance C, and resistance R properties of the LCR circuit and the sensing material are at least approximately 5 percent different from one another. The difference in the temperature-dependent response coefficients of the properties of the LCR circuit and the sensing material enables the sensor to selectively detect analyte fluids from an analyzed fluid mixture substantially independent of temperature.

Abstract: Methods and sensors for selective fluid sensing are provided. A sensor includes a resonant inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) circuit and a sensing material disposed over the LCR circuit. The sensing material includes a coordination compound of a ligand and a metal nanoparticle. The coordination compound has the formula: (X)n-M, where X includes an alkylamine group having the formula (R—NH2), an alkylphosphine having the formula (R3—P), an alkylphosphine oxide having the formula (R3P?O), an alkyldithiocarbamate having the formula (R2NCS2), an alkylxanthate having the formula (ROCS2), or any combination thereof, R includes an alkyl group, n is 1, 2, or 3, and M includes the metal nanoparticle of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, alloys thereof, highly conductive metal nanoparticles, or any combination thereof. The sensing material is configured to allow selective detection of at least six different analyte fluids from an analyzed fluid mixture.

Abstract: A nanofinger device with magnetizable portion. The nanofinger device includes a substrate, and a plurality of nanofingers coupled with the substrate. A nanofinger of the plurality includes a flexible column, and at least one magnetizable portion. At least the nanofinger and a second nanofinger of the plurality of nanofingers are to arrange into a close-packed configuration. The magnetizable portion is to actuate the nanofinger in opening from the close-packed configuration in response to a physical stimulus affecting the magnetic state of the magnetizable portion. A chemical-analysis apparatus including the nanofinger device for chemical sensing and a method of using the nanofinger device for chemical sensing are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to biosensor technology, and pertains more particularly to novel multifunctional biosensors based on ordered arrays of metallic, semiconductors and magnetic nano-islands for medical, biological, biochemical, chemical and environmental applications.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method and system is provided for detecting target materials using a combination of stroboscopic signal amplification and Raman spectroscopy techniques.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming an electrode, an electrochemical sensor comprising the same, and a method for determining an analyte using the electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: Methods and sensors for selective fluid sensing are provided. Each sensor includes a resonant inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) sensor that is coated with a sensing material. In order to collect data, an impedance spectrum is acquired over a relatively narrow frequency range, such as the resonant frequency range of the LCR circuit. A multivariate signature may be calculated from the acquired spectrum to discern the presence of certain fluids and/or fluid mixtures. The presence of fluids is detected by measuring the changes in dielectric, dimensional, resistance, charge transfer, and other changes in the properties of the materials employed by observing the changes in the resonant electronic properties of the circuit. By using a mathematical procedure, such as principal components analysis (PCA) and others, multiple fluids and mixtures can be detected in the presence of one another, even in a high humidity environment or an environment wherein one or more fluids has a substantially higher concentration (e.g.