Abstract: Provided are a barcode nano-wire for decoding a hard magnetic segment by using highly sensitive magnetic sensors and a bio-sensing system using the barcode nano-wire. Integration of hard magnetic and non-magnetic segments produces the barcode nanowire and magnetic segments are detected using highly sensitive magnetoresistance sensors. The non-magnetic segment uses a non-magnetic material and a specific biomolecule for bioanalysis is immobilized at a specific portion of the barcode nano-wire. The hard magnetic material has an advantage of higher coercivity and high remanence magnetization, which is considered as an important parameter in selecting the material. The hard magnetic segments produce distinguishable strong stray fields for individually detecting segments using conventional magnetic sensors for multiplexed bioanalysis.

Abstract: A method involving ion milling is demonstrated to fabricate open-nanoshell suspensions and open-nanoshell monolayer structures. Ion milling technology allows the open-nanoshell geometry and upward orientation on substrates to be controlled. Substrates can be fabricated covered with stable and dense open-nanoshell monolayer structures, showing nanoaperture and nanotip geometry with upward orientation, that can be used as substrates for SERS-based biomolecule detection.

Abstract: A technique is provided for a structure. A substrate has a nanopillar vertically positioned on the substrate. A bottom layer is formed beneath the substrate. A top layer is formed on top of the substrate and on top of the nanopillar, and a cover layer covers the top layer and the nanopillar. A window is formed through the bottom layer and formed through the substrate, and the window ends at the top layer. A nanopore is formed through the top layer by removing the cover layer and the nanopillar.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for base recognition of an integrated transistor and nanochannel. A target molecule is forced down to a carbon nanotube a single base at a time in the nanochannel by applying a gate voltage to a top electrode, and/or a narrow thickness of the nanochannel. The nanochannel exposes an exposed portion of the carbon nanotube at a bottom wall, and the top electrode is positioned over the exposed portion. The exposed portion of the carbon nanotube is smaller than the distance between bases to only accommodate the single base at a time. The target molecule is stretched by the narrow thickness and by applying a traverse voltage across a length direction of the nanochannel. The target molecule is frictionally restricted by the narrow thickness of the nanochannel to stretch is restrictedly translocates in the length direction. Current is measured to determine an identity of the single base.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for base recognition of an integrated transistor and nanochannel. A target molecule is forced down to a carbon nanotube a single base at a time in the nanochannel by applying a gate voltage to a top electrode, and/or a narrow thickness of the nanochannel. The nanochannel exposes an exposed portion of the carbon nanotube at a bottom wall, and the top electrode is positioned over the exposed portion. The exposed portion of the carbon nanotube is smaller than the distance between bases to only accommodate the single base at a time. The target molecule is stretched by the narrow thickness and by applying a traverse voltage across a length direction of the nanochannel. The target molecule is frictionally restricted by the narrow thickness of the nanochannel to stretch is restrictedly translocates in the length direction. Current is measured to determine an identity of the single base.

Abstract: A composite detection device having in-line desalting is provided. The composite detection device comprises a membrane configured for desalting at least a portion of an analyte stream, and a nanostructure for detecting a bio-molecule or a bio-molecule interaction, wherein the nanostructure and the membrane are arranged such that an analyte stream desalted at least in part by the membrane is detected by the nanostructure. A bio-sending detection system having the composite detection device and method of fabrication of the composite detection device are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a horizontal biosensor, comprising a reduced graphene oxide layer formed on a substrate; a molecular linker formed on the reduced graphene oxide layer; and a metal nanoparticle layer formed on the molecular linker.

Abstract: A method and communication system for ophthalmic device manufacturing line is disclosed. More specifically, the communication device may be incorporated in early stages of manufacturing of the ophthalmic device to monitor process controls without delay. In some embodiments, a unique pedigree profile can be stored for an ophthalmic device during manufacturing and correlated with one or more of: design profiles, controlled process parameters, performance, and distribution channels.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an object capable of emitting light. The apparatus comprises a light source and a waveguide. The waveguide comprises a core layer and a first cladding layer. At least one nanowell is formed in at least the first cladding layer. The apparatus further comprises a light detector. The light detector can detect a light emitted from a single molecule object contained in the at least one nanowell.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting an object capable of emitting light. The apparatus includes a light source and a waveguide. The waveguide includes a core layer and a first cladding layer. At least one nanowell is formed in at least the first cladding layer. The apparatus further includes a light detector. The light detector can detect a light emitted from a single molecule object contained in the at least one nanowell.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, device, and method provide the ability to measure forces a cell exerts on its surroundings. A platform is suspended across an opening using support legs. The platform is able to move horizontally in a plane of the opening. A piezoresistive strain sensor is integrated into the platform and measures strain induced in the support legs when the platform moves horizontally thereby measuring displacement of the platform.

Abstract: The molecule is prepared by capping phospholipid on a single gold nanoparticle (GNP). Since the thiol-related molecule bounded on GNP shows the characteristic of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the phospholipid-capped gold nanoparticle (PLGNP) can be formed as a nanoprobe applied on the detection device integrating optics and chemistry and used in the fields of biomedicine, medical diagnosis and environment for detecting, such as solutions containing salts or proteins.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for base recognition of an integrated transistor and nanochannel. A target molecule is forced down to a carbon nanotube a single base at a time in the nanochannel by applying a gate voltage to a top electrode, and/or a narrow thickness of the nanochannel. The nanochannel exposes an exposed portion of the carbon nanotube at a bottom wall, and the top electrode is positioned over the exposed portion. The exposed portion of the carbon nanotube is smaller than the distance between bases to only accommodate the single base at a time. The target molecule is stretched by the narrow thickness and by applying a traverse voltage across a length direction of the nanochannel. The target molecule is frictionally restricted by the narrow thickness of the nanochannel to stretch is restrictedly translocates in the length direction. Current is measured to determine an identity of the single base.

Abstract: A nano particle tracking device includes a channel structure. The channel structure of the nano particle tracking device includes a pair of microchannels in which a specimen including nano particles is accommodated and which face each other, at least one nano channel which is between the pair of microchannels, which connects the pair of microchannels to each other and through which the nano particles in the specimen are moved, and a nano grating below the nano channel and crossing the nano channel perpendicularly.

Abstract: A mechanism for capturing molecules is provided. A nanopore through a membrane separates a first chamber from a second chamber, and the nanopore, the first chamber, and the second chamber are filled with ionic buffer. A narrowed neck is at a middle area of the first chamber, and the narrowed neck is aligned to an entrance of the nanopore. The narrowed neck has a high intensity electric field compared to other areas of the first chamber having low intensity electric fields. The narrowed neck having the high intensity electric field concentrates the molecules at the middle area aligned to the entrance of the nanopore. Voltage applied between the first chamber and the second chamber drives the molecules, concentrated at the entrance of the nanopore, through the nanopore.

Abstract: A method for making a semi-conductor nanocrystals, including at least the steps of: making a stack of at least one uniaxially stressed semi-conductor thin layer and a dielectric layer, annealing the semi-conductor thin layer such that a dewetting of the semi-conductor forms, on the dielectric layer, elongated shaped semi-conductor nanocrystals oriented perpendicularly to the stress axis.

Abstract: Chemical compositions of bioactive compounds and/or bioactive molecules for lowering the risks of Alzheimer's, Cardiovascular and Diabetes diseases are described. Targeted, passive and programmable/active deliveries of the bioactive compounds and/or bioactive molecules are described. Subsystems for detection of disease specific biomarkers/an array of disease specific biomarkers and programmable/active delivery of the bioactive compounds and/or bioactive molecules in near real-time/real-time are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a horizontal biosensor, comprising a reduced graphene oxide layer formed on a substrate; a molecular linker formed on the reduced graphene oxide layer; and a metal nanoparticle layer formed on the molecular linker.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional nanochannel device is provided. In the method, a first insulation layer is formed on a substrate, a first opening is formed in the first insulation layer, and a patterned photoresist is formed on the first insulation layer. The patterned photoresist includes at least one second opening, wherein the second opening is adjacent to the first opening and exposes the first insulation layer. Afterwards, the first insulation layer is etched and the substrate is also continued to be etched by using the patterned photoresist as a mask, so as to form a housing space, wherein a depth of the housing space is at least two orders greater than a thickness of the first insulation layer. Thereafter, the patterned photoresist is removed, and a second insulation layer is formed on a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices having integrated nanochannels confined by nanometer spaced electrodes, and VLSI (very large scale integration) planar fabrication methods for making the devices. A semiconductor device includes a bulk substrate and a first metal layer formed on the bulk substrate, wherein the first metal layer comprises a first electrode. A nanochannel is formed over the first metal layer, and extends in a longitudinal direction in parallel with a plane of the bulk substrate. A second metal layer is formed over the nanochannel, wherein the second metal layer comprises a second electrode. A top wall of the nanochannel is defined at least in part by a surface of the second electrode and a bottom wall of the nanochannel is defined by a surface of the first electrode.

Abstract: A method of magnetic imaging at long detection ranges. In one embodiment the method comprises introducing a magnetic sample having magnetic particles into a detection field; detecting weak magnetic field signals of the magnetic particles; forming an image from the detected signals; and determining the location and quantity amount of the magnetic particles. The method further comprises introducing a magnetic sample to a human or other organism's body.

Abstract: A nanogap sensor includes a first layer in which a micropore is formed; a graphene sheet disposed on the first layer and including a nanoelectrode region in which a nanogap is formed, the nanogap aligned with the micropore; a first electrode formed on the grapheme sheet; and a second electrode formed on the graphene sheet, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are connected to respective ends of the nanoelectrode region.

Abstract: A biomolecular sensor system includes an array of magnetoresistive nanosensors designed for sensing biomolecule-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Materials and geometry of each sensor element are designed for optimized sensitivity. The system includes magnetic field generators to apply forces to superparamagnetic nanoparticles for 1) nanoparticle manipulation, 2) sensor magnetic biasing, 3) magnetic pull-off measurement for differentiation against non-specific association, and 4) removal of all particles from the sensor array surface.

Abstract: A detector apparatus includes a field-effect transistor configured to undergo a change in amplitude of a source-to-drain current when at least a portion of a charge-tagged molecule translocates through the nanopore. In some implementations, the field-effect transistor is a carbon nanotube field effect transistor and the nanopore is located in a membrane. In other implementations, the field-effect transistor is a carbon nanotube field effect transistor and the nanopore is implemented in the form of a nano-channel in a semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Provided is a highly selective and non-destructive method and apparatus for the measurement of one or more target molecules within a target environment. The apparatus comprises of a modified AFM (atomic force microscope) tip to create a tapered nanoscale co-axial cable, and wherein the application of an alternating potential between the inner and outer electrodes of the co-axial cable creates a dielectrophoretic force for attracting molecules toward the tip-end which is pre-treated with one or more specific ligands.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods to use nanoparticles as non-optical tags for detecting a change in mass. chemical sensing or bio-sensing events or reaction upon conjugation of nanoparticles onto a thermoresistor heat sensor. Particularly described is the use of metal nanoparticles in thermal sensors, thermal bio-sensors, and sensing pixel arrays for multiple analyte sensing. In addition, an asymmetric filter is disclosed that allows size separation of molecules from nanoparticles. The asymmetric filter is a porous membrane that is designed to have a small pore size in one size and a large pore size on the other side.

Abstract: A micro-fluidic electronic device includes a micro-fluidic component and an electronic component formed on a sheet of paper. An electrically-active layer of the electronic component, such as a nano-material layer, interacts with a fluid sample deposited within a fluid reservoir of the component, and changes the electronic properties of the electronic component. This can be detected by passing an electrical signal through the electronic component. The micro-fluidic electronic device can be formed straightforwardly and inexpensively by printing or mold-casting.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus that use an electric field for improved biological assays. The electric field is applied across a device having wells, which receive reactants, which carry a charge. The device thus uses a controllable voltage source between the first and second electrodes, which is controllable to provide a positive charge and a negative charge to a given electrode. By controlled use of the electric field charged species in a fluid in a fluid channel are directed into or out of the well by an electric field between the electrodes. The present method involves the transport of fluids, as in a microfluidic device, and the electric field-induced movement of reactive species according to various assay procedures, such as DNA sequencing, synthesis or the like.

Abstract: In a molecular analysis system, there is provided a structure including a nanopore and first and second fluidic reservoirs. The two reservoirs are fluidically connected via the nanopore. A detector is connected to detect molecular species translocation of the nanopore, from one of the two fluidic reservoirs to the other of the two fluidic reservoirs. A controller is connected to generate a control signal to produce conditions at the nanopore to induce the molecular species to re-translocate the nanopore at least once after translocating the nanopore. This enables a method for molecular analysis in which a molecular species is translocated a plurality of times through a nanopore in a structure between two fluidic reservoirs separated by the structure.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a sensor comprising a nanowire on a support substrate with a first semiconductor layer arranged on the support substrate is disclosed. The method comprises forming a fin structure from the first semiconductor layer, the fin structure comprising at least two supporting portions and a fin portion arranged there between; oxidizing at least the fin portion of the fin structure thereby forming the nanowire being surrounded by a first layer of oxide; and forming an insulating layer above the supporting portions; wherein the supporting portions and the first insulating layer form a microfluidic channel. A nanowire sensor is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to biosensor technology, and pertains more particularly to novel multifunctional biosensors based on ordered arrays of metallic, semiconductors and magnetic nano-islands for medical, biological, biochemical, chemical and environmental applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of detecting even a very small amount of a target substance by mixing a linker and a spacer at a suitable ratio and immobilizing the mixture on the surface of carbon nanotubes in a carbon nanotube-based biosensor. This method detects a specific substance at the level of femtomoles and lowers the detection limit of conventional carbon nanotube transistor sensors. Accordingly, the method detects even a very small amount of a target substance, and thus the carbon nanotube-based biosensor is a highly useful sensor which can be used either as a medical sensor for diagnosing diseases or as an environmental sensor.

Abstract: A high-sensitivity field effect transistor using as a channel ultrafine fiber elements such as carbon nanotube, and a biosensor using it. The field effect transistor comprises a substrate, a source electrode and a drain electrode arranged on the substrate, a channel for electrically connecting the source electrode with the drain electrode, and a gate electrode causing polarization due to the movement of free electrons in the substrate. For example, the substrate has a support substrate consisting of semiconductor or metal, a first insulating film formed on a first surface of the support substrate, and a second insulating film formed on a second surface of the support substrate, the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the channel arranged on the first insulating film, the gate electrode disposed on the second insulating film.

Abstract: The invention is directed to apparatus and chips comprising a large scale chemical field effect transistor arrays that include an array of sample-retaining regions capable of retaining a chemical or biological sample from a sample fluid for analysis. In one aspect such transistor arrays have a pitch of 10 ?m or less and each sample-retaining region is positioned on at least one chemical field effect transistor which is configured to generate at least one output signal related to a characteristic of a chemical or biological sample in such sample-retaining region.

Abstract: A method for a surface processing is provided. The method may include coating a surface of an object by a carbon coating including at least one type of a nano carbon selected from a carbon nano coil, a carbon nanotube and a carbon nano filament and applying liquid including fullerene to the carbon coating.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to devices and methods for sensing a variety of biologically-related substances. In a device aspect, the present invention is directed to a multilayer device for sensing metal ions, biological molecules, or whole cells. The device comprises: a) one or more cavities that provide for the introduction of a sample to be analyzed and one or more channels that provide for exit of the sample, or one or more channels that provide for the introduction and exit of the sample; b) one or more single-walled carbon nanotubes presented to the one or more cavities or one or more channels; c) a plurality of electrodes electrically connected to the one or more single-walled carbon nanotubes; and, a reference gate electrode presented to the one or more cavities or one or more channels. In a method aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for sensing species such as a metal, biological cells, and one or more biological molecules using the device.

Abstract: In a molecular analysis system, there is provided a structure including a nanopore and first and second fluidic reservoirs. The two reservoirs are fluidically connected via the nanopore. A detector is connected to detect molecular species translocation of the nanopore, from one of the two fluidic reservoirs to the other of the two fluidic reservoirs. A controller is connected to generate a control signal to produce conditions at the nanopore to induce the molecular species to re-translocate the nanopore at least once after translocating the nanopore. This enables a method for molecular analysis in which a molecular species is translocated a plurality of times through a nanopore in a structure between two fluidic reservoirs separated by the structure.

Abstract: A solid-state field-effect transistor device for detecting chemical and biological species and for detecting changes in radiation is disclosed. The device includes a quantum wire channel section to improve device sensitivity. The device is operated in a fully depleted mode such that a sensed biological, chemical or radiation change causes an exponential change in channel conductance of the transistor.

Abstract: A microfluidic embedded nanoelectromechanical system (NEMs) force sensor provides an electrical readout. The force sensor contains a deformable member that is integrated with a strain sensor. The strain sensor converts a deformation of the deformable member into an electrical signal. A microfluidic channel encapsulates the force sensor, controls a fluidic environment around the force sensor, and improves the read out. In addition, a microfluidic embedded vacuum insulated biocalorimeter is provided. A calorimeter chamber contains a parylene membrane. Both sides of the chamber are under vacuum during measurement of a sample. A microfluidic cannel (built from parylene) is used to deliver a sample to the chamber. A thermopile, used as a thermometer is located between two layers of parylene.

Abstract: A nanotube device and a method of depositing nanotubes for device fabrication are disclosed. The method relates to electrophoretic deposition of nanotubes, and allows a control of the number of deposited nanotubes and positioning within a defined region.

Abstract: A sensor device is provided for determining the presence and/or amount of at least one component in a fluid. The sensor device comprises at least one sensor unit, the at least one sensor unit comprising at least one elongated nanostructure and a dielectric material surrounding the at least one elongated nanostructure. The dielectric material is such that it is selectively permeable for one of the at least one component and is capable of sensing the component permeated through the dielectric material. The sensor device according to preferred embodiments shows good sensitivity and good mechanical strength. The present invention furthermore provides a method for manufacturing such a sensor device and a method for determining the presence and/or amount of at least one component in a fluid using such a sensor device.

Abstract: A biochip and a biochip scanning method and apparatus using phase changes are provided, wherein a laser beam is radiated to a biochip having immobilized probes placed thereon to cause a phase change in a phase change layer located under the biochip and the reflectance on the phase change layer according to the phase change is detected to allow reproduction or recording of bio information on the biochip. A phase change biochip and a phase change detection method using phase changes based on resistance detection are also provided, wherein the resistance between two electrodes connected respectively to both ends of a phase change layer including a bio spot where a phase change occurs is measured so that it is possible to easily detect phase changes in the biochip based on changes in the resistance.

Abstract: A biomolecule analyzing system (10) that provides an expeditious, accurate and reliable method for analyzing a biomolecule (150). The system (10) includes two substrates (12,28) each having an inner edge (14,30), an outer edge (16,32) and an inner surfaces (20,36) from where extends a multiplicity of cilia (22). To the inner edges (14,30) is attached an input tube (82) that is also attached to a biomolecule sample reservoir (90). To the outer edges (16,32) is attached an output tube (106) that is also attached to a sample deposit chamber (120). The tubes (82,106) include a plurality of conductive plates (98) that are applied an electrical charge that causes the biomolecule (150) to traverse through the tubes (82,106). When the biomolecule (150) passes through the cilia (22) signals are produced that are applied to a pair of image capturing devices (40,50).

Abstract: A method involving ion milling is demonstrated to fabricate open-nanoshell suspensions and open-nanoshell monolayer structures. Ion milling technology allows the open-nanoshell geometry and upward orientation on substrates to be controlled. Substrates can be fabricated covered with stable and dense open-nanoshell monolayer structures, showing nanoaperture and nanotip geometry with upward orientation, that can be used as substrates for SERS-based biomolecule detection.

Abstract: This invention involves the nano-structured support used for separation or/and analysis, especially the chip substrate, ELISA plate substrate, planar chromatography strip and chromatography gel. Besides, it involves the functionalized nano-structured support of high sensibility for separation or/and analysis, especially the analysis-chip, ELISA plate, planar chromatography reagent strip and chromatography gel. In addition, this invention also involves the nano-structured marking system for analysis. Moreover, it concerns the test kit; especially the chip kit, ELISA kit, and planar chromatography kit. What's more, this invention involves the preparing methods and the applications of all those mentioned above, especially the chip analysis, analyses with ELISA plate, planar chromatography strip and chromatography separation.

Abstract: An electronically scannable multiplexing device is capable of addressing multiple bits within a volatile or non-volatile memory cell. The multiplexing device generates an electronically scannable conducting channel with two oppositely formed depletion regions. The depletion width of each depletion region is controlled by a voltage applied to a respective control gate at each end of the multiplexing device. The present multi-bit addressing technique allows, for example, 10 to 100 bits of data to be accessed or addressed at a single node. The present invention can also be used to build a programmable nanoscale logic array or for randomly accessing a nanoscale sensor array.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of detecting an analyte in a sample with probe-modified electrodes and measuring an electrocatalytic signal generated by a binding of an analyte in the sample to a probe.

Abstract: An electronic system for selectively detecting and identifying a plurality of chemical species, which comprises an array of nanostructure sensing devices, is disclosed. Within the array, there are at least two different selectivities for sensing among the nanostructure sensing devices. Methods for fabricating the electronic system are also disclosed. The methods involve modifying nanostructures within the devices to have different selectivity for sensing chemical species. Modification can involve chemical, electrochemical, and self-limiting point defect reactions. Reactants for these reactions can be supplied using a bath method or a chemical jet method. Methods for using the arrays of nanostructure sensing devices to detect and identify a plurality of chemical species are also provided.

Abstract: A sensor comprising a membrane containing bacteriorhodopsin. In one embodiment, the sensor comprises a layer of purple membrane between a first and a second electrode, wherein the electrodes are connected to a circuit such that a signal is produced when a charge is transferred across the membrane. In another embodiment, the sensor comprises a field effect transistor with a layer of purple membrane deposited on the gate. The layer of purple membrane may be further functionalized by adding fluorophores to the layer of purple membrane. The fluorophores may be deposited adjacent to the layer of purple membrane, or the fluorophores may be attached to the layer of purple membrane with linkages. The fluorophores or linkages between the fluorophores and the purple membrane may be functionalized with receptors to produce sensors for targeted chemical or biological species.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device and a method for the rapid detection of a low molecular substance in a liquid flow.