Abstract: A wire-grip polarizer (“WGP”), and a panel having said WGP is provided. The WGP is mounted on an absorption layer. The absorption layer is mounted on a substrate. The substrate is brightly colored. The WGP includes a plurality of gratings formed of a metallic element. Each of the gratings is spaced apart from the other so as to form a waveguide. The WGP is configured to transmit S-Polarized light and reflect P-polarized light. The A thin film layer may be disposed on each of the metallic gratings. The thin film layer is configured to generate a resonance so as to modify the reflectivity of P-polarized light so as to reduce veiling glare and maintain the brightness of the substrate.

Abstract: In a waveguide-type optical element, broaderband operation becomes possible. The waveguide-type optical element includes optical waveguides (110 and 112) formed on a substrate (100) having an electro-optic effect and a control electrode for controlling an optical wave that is transmitted through the optical waveguide, the control electrode comprises a central electrode (104) and ground electrodes (106 and 108), the central electrode being formed along the optical waveguide, and the ground electrodes being formed so as to put the central electrode therebetween in a surface direction of the substrate at a predetermined distance from the central electrode, and the central electrode or the ground electrodes have multiple pairs of facets, each comprising two facets facing each other, along a transmission direction of high-frequency signals that are transmitted through the central electrode and the ground electrodes.

Abstract: A touch display panel includes an array substrate and an opposite substrate disposed opposite to the array substrate. The opposite substrate includes a first base substrate and a high-resistance film material layer which is disposed on the first base substrate, and a square resistance of the high-resistance film material layer is larger than or equal to 107 ?/? and is less than or equal to 1012 ?/?.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a wiring substrate including wiring layers, a semiconductor chip including electrode pads and mounted on the wiring substrate, and a first capacitor including a first electrode and a second electrode, and mounted on the wiring substrate. The wiring layers include a first wiring layer including a first terminal pad electrically connected with the first electrode of the first capacitor and a second terminal pad electrically connected with the second electrode of the first capacitor; and a second wiring layer on an inner side by one layer from the first wiring layer of the wiring substrate and including a first conductor pattern having a larger area than each of the first terminal pad and the second terminal pad. The first conductor pattern includes a first opening in a region overlapping with each of the first terminal pad and the second terminal pad in the second wiring layer.

Abstract: A method of controlling an electrowetting element. The method includes receiving first data indicative of a first display effect. Using the first data, a first magnitude of a first voltage is determined. The first voltage with the first magnitude is generated and applied to the electrowetting element. Second data indicative of a second display effect different from the first display effect is received. Using the second data, a second magnitude of a second voltage is determined. The second magnitude is equal to the first magnitude. The second voltage with the second magnitude is generated and applied to the electrowetting element.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for an extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) image capture system comprising optical components to capture light corresponding to an object, an EOT filter device to receive the captured light and transmit wavelengths of interest, and an image sensor to receive the wavelengths of interest and capture an image corresponding to the object. The EOT filter device comprising a first EOT film with thickness TEOT1 and including upper and lower surfaces and a plurality of apertures having a pitch P1, a second EOT film with thickness TEOT2 and including upper and lower surfaces and a plurality of apertures having a pitch P2; and an optical cavity disposed between the first and second EOT films, the optical cavity having a thickness TOC and a refractive index RIOC, wherein the EOT filter device transmits wavelengths of interest based on thicknesses TEOT1 and TEOT2, pitches P1 and P2, and thickness TOC.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a PDLC display device and a PDLC display device. The method for manufacturing a PDLC display device according to the present invention provides a black matrix and a base plate that collectively delimit a plurality of pixel cavities and fills a mixture of PDLC and red QDs, a mixture of PDLC and green QDs, and PDLC respectively into the plurality of pixel cavities to form a PDLC substrate, which is laminated with an array substrate, and installed with a blue light backlight module, so as to form a PDLC display device. Light leakage and color mixture can be eliminated and processes related to alignment layers and polarizers can be saved to thereby increase the manufacturing efficiency and lower the manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A mirror reflective element assembly for a vehicle includes an electrically variable reflectance mirror reflective element that includes front and rear substrates with an electrochromic medium disposed therebetween and bounded by a perimeter seal. A perimeter layer is disposed at a second surface of the front substrate proximate a perimeter edge of the front substrate that conceals the perimeter seal from view by a driver of a vehicle. At least a portion of the mirror reflector extends from under the perimeter seal outward towards at least a portion of the perimeter edge of the rear substrate. The mirror reflective element includes a more curved outboard region and a less curved inboard region. A laser-etched demarcation may demarcate the more curved outboard region of the mirror reflective element from the less curved inboard region of the mirror reflective element.

Abstract: A method of controlling an input signal supplied from an encoder to a modulator, wherein the input signal causes modulation of a current flowing through a light source in order to embed data in light emitted by the light source. The method comprises: for each of a plurality of possible logical transitions allowed by the encoding scheme from an adjacently preceding symbol to a present symbol, determining a respective observed value for the current level of the present symbol; for each of the plurality of logical transitions, determining an associated error between the respective observed value and a corresponding one of a set of nominal values for the current levels; and based on the respective error for each of the plurality of logical transitions, applying a respective compensation to the corresponding input in order to bring the resulting current level closer to the corresponding nominal value.

Abstract: An electrochromic multi-layer stack is provided. The multi-layer stack includes an electrochromic multi-layer stack having a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer, a first electrode layer, an ion conductor layer, a second substrate, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second electrode layer. The multi-layer stack includes a redox element, wherein the redox element is electrically isolated from the first and second electrically conductive layers and the first and second electrode layer and is laterally adjacent to either the first electrically conductive layer and the first electrode, or the second electrically conductive layer and the second electrode layer. A method for controlling an electrochromic device is also provided.

Abstract: Method of forming a termination angle in a titanium tungsten layer include providing a titanium tungsten layer and applying a photo resist material to the titanium tungsten layer. The photo resist material is exposed under a defocus condition to generate a resist mask, wherein an edge of the exposed photo resist material corresponds to the sloped termination. The titanium tungsten layer is etched with an etching material, wherein the etching material at least partially etches the photo resist material exposed under the defocused condition, and wherein the etching results in the sloped termination in the titanium tungsten layer.

Abstract: A rearview assembly for use in a vehicle. The rearview assembly includes a rearview device operably coupled with a carrier. The rearview device includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate is disposed in front of the second substrate and includes a first surface and a second surface. The second substrate includes a third surface and a fourth surface. A bezel extends around a peripheral edge of the rearview device. A portion of the bezel extends behind the fourth surface of the second substrate. An applique is disposed over a front surface of the rearview device proximate the peripheral edge thereof. The applique includes an aesthetic design configured to closely match trim styling of an interior of the vehicle. A protective layer is disposed over the applique.

Abstract: Disclosed are designs and methods of fabrication of silicon carrier-depletion based electro-optical modulators having doping configurations that produce modulators exhibiting desirable modulation efficiency, optical absorption loss and bandwidth characteristics. The disclosed method of fabrication of a modulator having such doping configurations utilizes counter doping to create narrow regions of relatively high doping levels near a waveguide center.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring in-line signal quality and a system. The method for monitoring in-line signal quality includes: according to signal to noise ratios (SNRs) of subcarriers obtained in a transmission initialization period, setting a subcarrier with a highest SNR to be a pilot subcarrier and other subcarriers to be data subcarriers; determining bit allocation and power allocation of the pilot subcarrier and bit allocation and power allocation of the data subcarriers; setting data-decision-based SNR measurement thresholds for the data subcarriers according to the bit allocation of the data subcarriers; and comparing the SNRs of the data subcarriers obtained through data-decision-based SNR measurement in a transmission period with the SNR measurement thresholds of the data subcarriers, and when an SNR of a data subcarrier is less than its SNR measurement threshold, trigger pilot-based SNR measurement of the data subcarrier.

Abstract: A semiconductor electro-optical phase shifter may include a substrate, an optical waveguide segment (12) formed on the substrate, and first and second zones of opposite conductivity types configured to form a first bipolar junction perpendicular to the substrate. The phase shifter may also include a dynamic control structure configured to reverse bias the first junction and a static control structure configured to direct a quiescent current in the second zone, parallel to the first junction.

Abstract: A light input is divided into a plurality of light outputs by a structure comprising a first beam splitter configured to divide the light input into a first part and a second part, a first polarization beam splitter configured to provide from the first part a first polarized part and a second polarized part, wherein the first polarized part is for providing a first output and the second polarized part for providing a second output, at least one polarization altering device configured to alter the polarization of light in the second part, and at least one second polarization beam splitter configured to receive light altered by respective at least one polarization altering device and provide therefrom at least one third polarized part for providing at least one third output. A light output can be generated based on similar principles in reverse.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device including a TFT substrate and a counter substrate, when an organic passivation film is not formed in the TFT substrate, the distance between the TFT substrate and the counter substrate in the display area of a liquid crystal display panel is provided by a cylindrical spacer. Also, the distance in the area where pixels, scan lines, and image signal lines are not formed within the liquid crystal display panel is provided by the cylindrical spacer. In this case, it is necessary to form a mount. The layer structure of the mount is the same as that of the TFT substrate with which the cylindrical spacer in the display area comes into contact. This makes it possible to equalize the distance of the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display panel without an increase in production cost, and to prevent uneven brightness or color.

Abstract: Disclosed are designs and methods of fabrication of silicon carrier-depletion based electro-optical modulators having doping configurations that produce modulators exhibiting desirable modulation efficiency, optical absorption loss and bandwidth characteristics. The disclosed method of fabrication of a modulator having such doping configurations utilizes counter doping to create narrow regions of relatively high doping levels near a waveguide center.

Abstract: A test and measurement system including an electro-optical accessory with an electro-optical sensor configured to output a modulated output signal, a device under test connected to the electro-optical accessory with a variable input signal, and a processor. The electro-optical accessory includes two sets of electrodes in which a sensitivity of the first set of electrodes is different from a sensitivity of the second set of electrodes. The processor in the test and measurement system is configured to modify the modulated output signal from the electro-optical voltage accessory to reconstruct the variable input signal of the electro-optical voltage accessory that exceeds the linear input range of the optical sensor.

Abstract: An optical coupling apparatus for coupling an optical fiber to a photonic chip is described. The apparatus includes a collimating microlens for collimating light from the optical fiber; a polarization splitting beam displacer for separating the light collimated by the collimating microlens into orthogonally polarized X and Y component beams; at least one focusing microlens for directing the X and Y component beams separately onto the photonic chip; and first and second surface grating couplers (SGCs) orthogonally disposed on the photonic chip and configured for operation in a same polarization state, for coupling the X and Y component beams, respectively, to the photonic chip.

Abstract: A novel phase shifter design for carrier depletion based silicon modulators, based on an experimentally validated model, is described. It is believed that the heretofore neglected effect of incomplete ionization will have a significant impact on ultra-responsive phase shifters. A low V?L product of 0.3V·cm associated with a low propagation loss of 20 dB/cm is expected to be observed. The phase shifter is based on overlapping implantation steps, where the doses and energies are carefully chosen to utilize counter-doping to produce an S-shaped junction. This junction has a particularly attractive V?L figure of merit, while simultaneously achieving attractively low capacitance and optical loss. This improvement will enable significantly smaller Mach-Zehnder modulators to be constructed that nonetheless would have low drive voltages, with substantial decreases in insertion loss. The described fabrication process is of minimal complexity; in particular, no high-resolution lithographic step is required.

Abstract: The present application discloses a polarizing film and a display device including the polarizing film. The polarizer includes a transparent substrate; a linear polarizer disposed on the transparent substrate; an optical retardation film disposed on the transparent substrate; the linear polarizer including a first dielectric layer covered on the transparent substrate and a metal layer disposed on the first dielectric layer; and the optical retardation film including a second dielectric layer disposed on the transparent substrate to solve the mechanical, optical and lifetime issues faced to the conventional organic polarizing film, while solving the problem of the increased thickness of optical films owing to the manufacture and adhesion of polarizer and retardation film separately.

Abstract: This invention discloses methods and apparatus for providing a media insert with an energy source to an ophthalmic lens. The energy source is capable of powering a component included within the ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic lens is cast molded from a silicone hydrogel and the component includes an electro-optical lens portion.

Abstract: An actuator drive system includes electrostatic actuators and a voltage controller that applies drive voltages to the electrostatic actuators, and the voltage controller includes a digital control device that splits an 8-bit drive variable corresponding to an overall displacement amount provided by the electrostatic actuators into 4-bit individual drive variables, a first DAC that produces a first drive voltage signal based on a first individual drive variable, and a second DAC that produces a second drive voltage signal based on a second individual drive variable.

Abstract: The present invention includes a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) linear driver configured in a differential form with two waveguides carrying two traveling waves which supports a two-channel spectral combiner integrated with a wavelength locker. By coupling a DC current source supplied with a modulation voltage with each segment thereof for providing electrical modulation signal overlapping with each of the two traveling waves. The modulated traveling waves in the two waveguides then are combined in one output signal by a multimode interference coupler. Two optical signals at ITU grid channels are separately modulated by two MZMs and combined into a silicon waveguide-based delayed-line interferometer built on a SOI substrate to produce an output signal having a free spectral range equal to twice of the spacing of the two ITU grid channels. Two dither signals can be added respectively to the two optical signals for identifying and locking corresponding two channel wavelengths.

Abstract: A method of producing an optoelectronic semiconductor component includes providing a semiconductor body; applying a photoconductive layer on a radiation exit surface of the semiconductor body, wherein the semiconductor body emits electromagnetic radiation during operation; exposing at least one sub-region of the photoconductive layer with electromagnetic radiation generated by the semiconductor body; and depositing a conversion layer on the sub-region of the photoconductive layer by an electrophoresis process.

Abstract: An optical isolator for suppressing back reflections from a downstream optical system is described. The optical isolator includes a plurality of optical paths between a splitter and a combiner. One or more of the optical paths include two phase modulators that are driven by oscillating signals having predefined phase relationships. At least one bypass optical path does not include two phase modulators driven by oscillating signals. Amplitude and phase of an optical signal traversing the bypass optical path may be tuned to further suppress residual reflections from a downstream optical system.

Abstract: An optical modulator device directly-coupled to a driver circuit device. The optical modulator device can include a transmission line electrically coupled to an internal VDD, a first electrode electrically coupled to the transmission line, a second electrode electrically coupled to the first electrode and the transmission line. A wave guide can be operably coupled to the first and second electrodes, and a driver circuit device can be directly coupled to the transmission line and the first and second electrodes. This optical modulator and the driver circuit device can be configured without back termination.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a photonic interposer are disclosed and may include receiving one or more continuous wave (CW) optical signals in a silicon photonic interposer from an external optical source, either from an optical source assembly or from optical fibers coupled to the silicon photonic interposer. A modulated optical signal may be generated by processing the received CW optical signals based on a first electrical signal received from the electronics die. A second electrical signal may be generated in the silicon photonic interposer based on the generated modulated optical signals, and may then be communicated to the electronics die via copper pillars. Optical signals may be communicated into and/or out of the silicon photonic interposer utilizing grating couplers. The electronics die may comprise one or more of: a processor core, a switch core, memory, or a router.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator of a test and measurement system. The electro-optic modulator includes a first electrode, a second electrode with identical electrical characteristics as the first electrode and an optical waveguide between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode present a balanced load to a device under test.

Abstract: A source of directional radiation in an IR band comprises at least a substrate and an external layer comprising controllable cells made of a metal insulator transition material that changes phase depending on its temperature relative to a temperature at which the corresponding wavelength is located in the IR band and that possesses a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase, and control means for controlling the phase change of the cells so as to form in this external layer a diffraction grating when the cells are controlled to the amorphous phase, in order thus to obtain a switchable directional source.

Abstract: An optical system capable of routing primary and secondary high power lasers through a blocking switch is described.

Abstract: A display device includes: a lower substrate including a display area including a plurality of pixels and peripheral areas around the display area; an encapsulation substrate facing the lower substrate, and including a plurality of edges facing different directions; a sealant between the lower substrate and the encapsulation substrate, the sealant being at the peripheral areas; a voltage transmission line at the peripheral area and being configured to transmit a common voltage; and a voltage transmission electrode at the peripheral area and connected to the voltage transmission line to form at least one contact part, in which the sealant includes a first expanded part and a first non-expanded part having a smaller width than a width of the first expanded part, and the contact part and the first expanded part are alternately arranged.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes an optical modulator of a Mach-Zehnder type, a low frequency superimposing circuit configured to superimpose a low frequency signal on a substrate bias voltage applied to the optical modulator, a monitor configured to monitor a modulated light output from the optical modulator, and a substrate bias controller configured to control the substrate bias voltage based upon a low frequency component contained in a monitor signal output from the monitor.

Abstract: The embodiments of present invention disclose an electronic handwriting screen and relate to the field of electrophoretic display techniques. In the embodiment of present invention, because insulation spacing elements are provided between the electrophonic display functional film and the bottom electrode, when an appropriate voltage is applied between the top electrode and the bottom electrode, the top electrode is pressed so as to make the electrophonic display functional film contact with the bottom electrode, which shortens the distance between the top electrode and the bottom electrode and further increases the electric field force acting on the charged colorant particles; as a result, electrophoresis effect occurs in the electrophoresis liquid so that patterns are displayed or erased at the pressing location, and handwriting function is thereby realized without a touch screen, reducing the manufacturing costs for an electronic handwriting screen.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, and a second substrate opposing the first substrate and including a color filter layer. The color filter layer includes a red color filter, a green color filter and a blue color filter. The red color filter includes a first fluorescent dye and a first nanoparticle, and illustrates red color. The green color filter includes a second fluorescent dye and a second nanoparticle and illustrates green color. The blue color filter includes a third fluorescent dye and a third nanoparticle and illustrates blue color. Each of the first to third nanoparticles has a non-spherical shape and has maximum extinction at the first wavelength, the second wavelength and the third wavelength. The first wavelength is greater than the second wavelength, and the second wavelength is greater than the third wavelength.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for enabling an ? parameter to be approximated to zero. A multiple quantum well structure includes a layer structure including a first barrier layer, an intermediate layer, a well layer, and a second barrier layer. The conduction band energies of the first and second barrier layers, the intermediate layer, and the well layer are larger in this order, and the valence band energies of the intermediate layer, the well layer, and the first and second barrier layers are larger in this order.

Abstract: A front plane laminate useful in the manufacture of electro-optic displays comprises, in order, a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer, a layer of an electro-optic medium in electrical contact with the electrically-conductive layer, an adhesive layer and a release sheet. This front plane laminate can be prepared as a continuous web, cut to size, the release sheet removed and the laminate laminated to a backplane to form a display. Methods for providing conductive vias through the electro-optic medium and for testing the front plane laminate are also described.

Abstract: An S/N calculation circuit 12 to calculate the S/N ratio of a received signal, and an S/N comparison circuit 13 to compare the S/N calculated by the S/N calculation circuit 12 with a threshold Th are disposed, and a parameter setting circuit 14 controls the radiation state of a beam radiated from a transmission optical system 5 according to the result of the comparison performed by the S/N comparison circuit 13. As a result, even if the state of the propagation environment gets worse, degradation in the communication quality can be prevented and communicative stabilization can be achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, in particular for operation in the EUV, comprising a mirror arrangement composed of a plurality of mutually independently adjustable mirror elements, and at least one polarization-influencing arrangement arranged upstream of the mirror arrangement relative to the light propagation direction, wherein the polarization-influencing arrangement has a group of first reflection surfaces and a group of second reflection surfaces, wherein the first reflection surfaces are tiltable independently of one another, and wherein, during the operation of the optical system, light reflected at respectively one of the first reflection surfaces can be directed onto the mirror arrangement via respectively a different one of the second reflection surfaces depending on the tilting of the first reflection surface.

Abstract: An optical modulator has a continuous wave laser input, an RF input, a bias and dither input and an output. A photodiode connected to an output tap produces a voltage that is amplified. Noise is removed from the amplified output. A spread-spectrum dither harmonic is generated and supplied to a multiplier with the amplified and filtered feedback and is used to create a DC bias. A spread-spectrum dither is created and added to the DC bias. Spread spectrum dither and bias both are applied to the bias input of optical modulator. The bias and spread spectrum dither controller is usable with other non-optical modulators and other electronic devices.

Abstract: An electric privacy glass having a first lite of glass with a low-emissivity coating formed using a pyrolytic process on at least one major surface and a second lite of glass with a low-emissivity coating formed using a pyrolytic process on at least one major surface is provided. The first and second lites of glass are each coated with a resin on the major surfaces having the low-emissivity coating. The first and second lites of glass are stacked such that the low-emissivity coatings are facing each other with the resin therebetween. The electric privacy glass has pressure sequentially applied. The resin in cured to adhere the first and second lites of glass. The resin can include a liquid crystal polymer and a UV-curable acrylate polymer. The UV-curable acrylate polymer can include an acrylate urethane oligomer, a high boiling point methacrylate, an acrylic acid, and a photocuring agent.

Abstract: A bias control circuit for an optical modulator including a pair of optical waveguides and a power monitor is disclosed. The bias control circuit includes a bias generator, a differential amplifier, and a controller. The bias generator provides a bias signal to one of the optical waveguides. The bias signal includes a dither signal having a predetermined frequency. The differential amplifier receives a monitor signal from the power monitor and a reference signal, and generates an amplified signal corresponding to a difference between the monitor signal and the reference signal. The controller detects frequency components contained in the amplified signal. The frequency components originates from the dither signal. The controller generates a control signal according to intensity of the frequency components. The bias signal is adjusted according to the control signal provided from the controller.

Abstract: Disclosed are designs and methods of fabrication of silicon carrier-depletion based electro-optical modulators having doping configurations that produce modulators exhibiting desirable modulation efficiency, optical absorption loss and bandwidth characteristics. The disclosed method of fabrication of a modulator having such doping configurations utilizes counter doping to create narrow regions of relatively high doping levels near a waveguide center.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a notch filter and a method for generating an electrical signal with a suppressed frequency band. The filter generates an optical signal by modulating a modulation optical wave with an electrical signal to generate first and second sidebands. The first sideband or the second sideband has less power than the other. The filter then modifies the optical signal by equalizing the power of light within the first side band at a selected frequency band and light within the second side band at the selected frequency band. The filter then produces an antiphase relationship between the light within the first side band at the selected frequency band and the light within the second side band at the selected frequency band. The filter then detects the modified optical signal to generate a copy of the electrical signal with suppressed frequency components within the selected frequency band.

Abstract: A fabricating method of a liquid crystal device includes a first step of forming light blocking portions in an element substrate, a second step of forming first and second microlenses in a counter substrate, and a third step of disposing the element substrate and the counter substrate so as to face each other, such that the openings and the first and second microlenses overlap each other in a planar view, and bonding the element substrate to the counter substrate such that a liquid crystal layer is interposed therebetween. In the third step, a center of the first microlens and a center of the second microlens are disposed in the same side in at least one direction of the X direction and the Y direction with respect to a center of gravity of the opening, in a planar view.

Abstract: An optoelectronic packet switch comprising: switch input(s) for receiving optical packet signals; a passive optical router; a control unit; and a plurality of detector-remodulators (DRMs) configured to receive signals from the switch input(s) and to generate modulated optical signals for transmission to the input ports of the passive optical router. Each DRM comprising: detector(s) for converting an optical packet-signal received at the switch input(s) into an electrical packet-signal; modulator(s) for generating the modulated optical signals.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and device for sensing avian influenza viruses, using terahertz electromagnetic waves. By the method, even a trace amount of avian influenza viruses in a liquid state can be accurately discriminated and sensed, with high sensitivity and selectivity, using a sensing chip that works in a terahertz electromagnetic wave band. Using the method, avian influenza viruses even at low concentrations can be accurately analyzed with high sensitivity and selectivity in which terahertz electromagnetic waves are irradiated onto avian influenza viruses through a sensing chip having a meta unit in which a pattern is formed to amplify a frequency corresponding to an absorption frequency of an avian influenza virus of interest.

Abstract: Adaptive optical zoom systems and methods are described herein. One example of a system for adaptive optical zoom includes a number of variable focal length elements aligned to receive an image through an aperture, wherein the aperture is smaller than at least one of the number of variable focal length elements, a focal plane array aligned to receive the image, and a computing device coupled to the number of variable focal length elements.

Abstract: An interior rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a mirror casing and a prismatic interior reflective element. The reflective element comprises a wedge-shaped glass substrate having a perimeter edge about a periphery of the glass substrate and extending between first and second surfaces thereof. The glass substrate has a mirror reflector established at the second surface. A front surface of the perimeter edge provides a smooth curved transition at the perimeter edge between a perimeter region of the first surface and the mirror casing. The front surface of the perimeter edge is rounded by at least one of grinding and polishing to provide a generally rounded curved surface between the first surface of the glass substrate and the mirror casing. The radius of curvature of the front surface is at least about 2.5 mm. No portion of the mirror casing encompasses the first surface of the glass substrate.