Abstract: A wireless device includes a transmitter that transmits packets including a header field and a data field and a coding module that selectively encodes data of the packets based on one of first and second signal processing modes. The header field of each of the packets comprises a first field that identifies one of the first signal processing mode and the second signal processing mode and a second field that identifies one of a first data length that corresponds to a transmit time period for data corresponding to the first signal processing mode and a second data length that corresponds to the transmit time period plus an extension time period for transmission of dummy data. Data fields of packets that correspond with the first signal processing mode comprise data and data fields of packets that correspond with the second signal processing mode comprise data and the dummy data.

Abstract: An air interface information unit including a measurement setup unit for implementing measurement setup procedures and configuration; a measurement reception and storing unit for storing actual, predicted and default air interface values and corresponding timestamps; a measurement processing unit for filtering, verifying, processing and combining air interface values; and a measurement output unit for providing air interface values to RRM functions upon request and triggering RRM functions when an air interface value exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a signaling message is received from an endpoint. It is determined from the signaling message whether, prior to sending the signaling message, the endpoint performed network address translation on the body of the signaling message. If it is determined from the signaling message that, prior to sending the signaling message, the endpoint did not perform network address translation on the body of the signaling message, application layer gateway functionality is applied to the body of the signaling message such that a modified signaling message is generated.

Abstract: Communications between a central station and plural nodes is managed at the central station. The central station has an answer channel, a number of data channels, and a data channel manager. A node transmits a channel request, which is received by the answer channel. The answer channel queries the data channel manager, which determines if a data channel is available. If so, then the answer channel passes the node's request to the open data channel, which then communicates with the node. The answer channel is freed to handle channel requests from other nodes. The node is unaware of the passing off as the node does not change the address for the central station. A data channel is freed to communicate with other nodes by either receiving a disconnect message from the node or by timing out the connection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the quality of control signalling based on signalling messages controlling speech or data transmission over an air interface between at least two radio terminals of a radio communications system, said speech or data being transmitted in at least one traffic channel of said radio communications system, and said signalling messages being transmitted in control channels associated with said at least one traffic channel. In order to allow for an improved performance of SACCH and FACCH, a first and a second signalling message with identical content are transmitted in two separate associated control channels. Alternatively, a signalling message included in a single ACCH is coded with a stronger coding. The invention relates equally to corresponding radio terminals and modules for such units.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for analyzing signaling messages associated with delivery of streaming media content to subscribers via a broadcast and multicast service (BCMCS) are disclosed. According to one method, at least one signaling message transmitted between network elements associated with delivery of streaming media content to a subscriber via a BCMCS is monitored. The at least one signaling message is analyzed. Information resulting from the analysis is provided to at least one BCMCS data processing application.

Abstract: A packet-based multimedia service is provided to a terminal in a network. A packet signaling connection is established between the terminal and the network. Signaling information for the multimedia service is transferred via the packet signaling connection using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) or a similar protocol. A circuit bearer connection is also established with the terminal. Data for the multimedia service is transferred via the circuit bearer connection. This allows the data to be carried across networks which do not support the required QoS functionality for the packet-based service, or which cannot efficiently carry packet-based data. The circuit bearer connection can be established by a network entity or by the terminal. The circuit bearer can be interworked to a packet-switched bearer at some point in the network, such as at a gateway, so as to provide a remote party with the appearance that a fully packet-switched connection is being used.

Abstract: A method of effecting handoff of a mobile station from a first base station in a first cellular communications system controlled by a first mobile switching control station to a second base station in a second, different cellular system controlled by a second mobile switching control station is described. The method comprises measuring at the mobile station a parameter of a signal transmitted by said first base station and a parameter of a signal transmitted by said second base station. When the parameters reach a predetermined condition, a signal quality message is communicated from the mobile station via the first base station to said first mobile switching control station, which responds by generating information for a channel request message for the second mobile switching control station and transmitting the same to the mobile station.

Abstract: A scrambler performs IQ multiplexing of output signals from a spreader and a distributor in order to generate a complex signal (I signal and Q signal), amplitude coefficients ?cc(I) and ?cc(Q) are determined in accordance with signal powers on I axis and Q axis.

Abstract: The method allows communications means to be listed, for end-to-end broadcasting of information other than that required for managing multimedia sessions. After a selection (52) of communications channels through an infrastructure for managing multimedia sessions, the method provides via the application level, the establishment of a communication specifically using the selected communications channel(s). Purely descriptive/explanatory fields of characteristics of a session may be selected at an application level and used for conveying additional information in addition to the signaling protocol. It is thus possible to change the conditions for consuming/using the multimedia contents or the established flux. Instantaneity of the services and service use conditions may be obtained by requesting for example renegotiation in real time of a service when the conditions of use are modified (iconification of a TV/Video streaming flux in order to reduce the bandwidth used).

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and apparatus for providing at least one service. Specifically, the method comprises obtaining at least one connection request associated with at least one user, determining the at least one service subscribed to by the at least one user where the at least one service comprises at least one service attribute and the at least one service attribute identifies at least one border element capable of supporting the at least one service, selecting the at least one border element according to the at least one service attribute, and responding to the at least one connection request using the at least one border element.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless network system and a method for transmitting and receiving data in the wireless network, which have a particular time period for a beam search in a superframe thereof in order to enable stations, which carry out directional communications with a high frequency bandwidth, to efficiently perform a beam search. A wireless network coordinator in the wireless network system includes a media access control unit generating a beacon frame which constitutes a superframe including at least one channel time block; a bandwidth management unit setting a specific channel time block among the channel time blocks to a time period during which a packet for a beam search is transmitted and received among stations in a network; and a transmission unit transmitting the beacon frame having information on the setting through a predetermined communication channel.

Abstract: DisplayPort micropackets of uncompressed visual information are adapted for communication across a network by stuffing packets with sink device identification information. For example, a packet stuffer adds selected portions of sink device EDID information to DisplayPort packets, such as EDID bytes 8 through 15, to a predetermined portion of the DisplayPort packets, such as between symbols FS and FE. Adding sink device identification information to each DisplayPort packet supports routing or switching of the packets to the identified sink device.

Abstract: A wireless code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system, including a base station (BS) and a subscriber unit (SU), uses adaptive forward power control (AFPC) and adaptive reverse power control (ARPC) to control the transmit power of forward and reverse link radio frequency (RF) channel signals, respectively. Automatic gain control (AGC) signals are produced to maintain the level of forward and reverse CDMA signals at a near constant level. The CDMA signals are despread to produce first and second despread signals. The first and second despread signals are used to produce a first error signal e1. A second error signal e2 is produced based on the AGC signals. Combined error signals are formed based on the first error signal e1 and the second error signal e2. The combined error signals are hard limited to form adaptive power control (APC) bits used to control the level of the forward and reverse link RF channel signals.

Abstract: The invention provides a system that implements an algorithm for integrated link adaptation and power control to achieve specified error rates and to improve an overall throughput for real-time applications in wireless packet networks. The system initially divides wireless terminals into groups according to their signal path gains. Afterwards, the system can periodically adapt transmissions (i.e., link adaptations) based on the required error rates, actual error statistics and average transmission power for each wireless terminal group. Furthermore, transmission power can be adjusted by an enhanced Kalman-filter method to ensure successful reception.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit may be configured to analyze an audio-video data stream to determine watermark appropriate information for the audio-video data stream. The second circuit may be configured to communicate the watermark appropriate information either in-band with or out-of-band from a bit stream communicating the audio-video data.

Abstract: A method of formatting a digital broadcast transport stream packet, a digital broadcast transmitter, and a signal processing method thereof, includes constructing a transport stream packet that includes a stuffing region for an insertion of a known supplementary reference signal (SRS) data therein, randomizing the packet that includes the stuffing region is randomized, and the SRS data is inserted into the stuffing region of the randomized packet. Adding a parity for an error correction to the packet into which the SRS data has been inserted, the packet to which the parity has been added is interleaved, and a trellis encoding of the interleaved packet is performed. Inserting a segment sync signal and a field sync signal into the trellis-encoded packet, and a vestigial side band (VSB) modulation and an RF conversion of the packet are performed to transmit the VSB-modulated and RF-converted packet.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for low power IDLE signal transmission in Ethernet networks are provided. In this regard, during time periods between transmissions of actual data by a local Ethernet link partner, the local Ethernet Link partner may generate one or more signals, in place of a standard Ethernet IDLE signal, that enable synchronization between Ethernet link partners. In this manner, the generated signals may enable reducing power consumption as compared to standard Ethernet IDLE signals. Accordingly, link activity may be monitored to enable detecting periods when there may be no actual data for transmission and the generated signals may be transmitted. The generated signals may be transmitted at a reduced symbol rate as compared to standard Ethernet IDLE signals. The generated signals may be transmitted via fewer network links as compared to standard Ethernet IDLE signals.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for detecting a start symbol of a second zone of a frame. One or more symbol indices corresponding to one or more symbols of the second zone of a frame are derived. One or more codes on pilot sub-carriers corresponding to the one or more symbol indices may also be derived. Based on the one or more symbol indices a set of possible start symbol indices is established. Thereafter, a frame is received comprising one or more of a preamble symbol, a first zone and the second zone. It is determined if the received frame comprises the second zone. If the second zone is present in the received frame, the start symbol index of the second zone of the received frame is determined based on the detection of one or more codes and the set of possible start symbol indices. The present invention further provides methods and systems for detecting a Nth symbol of a frame.

Abstract: An approach is provided for supporting signal acquisition and frame synchronization in a digital broadcast system utilizing Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. Hierarchical modulation is utilized to provide backward compatibility, whereby the lower layer signal is encoded using LDPC coding. A signal is received, whereby the signal is modulated according to the hierarchical modulation scheme including an upper layer and a lower layer. The signal includes a data pattern and a coded frame. The dependency of the received signal on the upper layer modulation is removed. The modulation removed signal is correlated with multiple predetermined data patterns to determine the data pattern of the signal. The code rate of the coded frame is derived based on the determined data pattern. The above arrangement is particularly suited to a digital satellite broadcast system.

Abstract: A method and a system for collecting session-specific event data in a telecommunications network where sessions are connected through a number of network entities which generate event data and have mutual signaling connections. The objective of the invention is to provide a solution whereby event detail records relating to one session but generated by a number of different network entities are sent in a centralized manner in real-time to a given collecting network entity. Thus, the event data combination is optimized and the unnecessary transmission of event detail records from one collecting network entity to another is avoided.

Abstract: A method for dynamically arranging DSP tasks. The method comprises receiving an audio bit stream, checking a remaining execution time as the DSP transforms the audio information into spectral information, simplifying the step of transforming the audio information when the DSP detects that the remaining execution time is shorter then a predetermined interval, and skipping one section of the audio information and decoding the remaining section when the execution time is less than a predetermined interval.

Abstract: A method and system for synchronization of link layer windows in a wireless communications system is disclosed. At a transmitter in the wireless communications system, the transmitter transmits a plurality of frames in a transmitter's link layer window, wherein each frame comprises segments and sends a request for an acknowledgement of the plurality of frames to a receiver. Then the transmitter determines a last transmitted segment of an eldest frame of the plurality of frames in the transmitter's link layer window, if a response to the request is not received within a specified time period and sets a synchronization indicator in the determined last transmitted segment of the eldest frame. Finally, the transmitter transmits the determined last transmitted segment of the eldest frame with the synchronization indicator set to the receiver.

Abstract: Methods and systems for input/output pads in a mobile multimedia processor are disclosed and may include receiving data from a host device in an integrated circuit having at least one contact pad and generating at least one control signal that controls the contact pads. The received data may be processed by the MMP based on the generated at least one control signal, or may be passed through the MMP in a bypass mode based on the control signal, thereby allowing the received data to pass through the MMP without processing to an external memory via the at least one contact pad, thereby sharing the external memory with the host device. The data may be transferred to external memory coupled to a contact pad on the MMP when the received data is to be passed through the MMP. The received data may be stored temporarily before transfer to an external device.

Abstract: To provide a media gateway device that can eliminate partition loss of internal resources of an MGW and effectively utilize the internal resources of the MGW. When starting or restarting service of an MGW, a call control management part of the MGW sends a service registration request signal to MGCs. The MGCs that receive the service registration request signal send back a service registration request response signal as a response. The call control management part registers an MGC from which a response was normally received as an object for implementation of call processing. Upon reception of a service registration request response signal from at least one MGC, the call control management part enters an in-service state. The call control management part periodically performs resending of service registration request signals only to MGCs from which a response can not be normally received.

Abstract: The invention consists of equipment and a method for allowing old line capacity to provide near dsl or superior dsl quality telephone connections. A method of handling a telephone call with an associated data package over a telephone system having a power pair of lines and a second pair of communication lines with the steps of: a) determining the types of data desired to create a data group from the group consisting of voice, picture, bio-marker (finger print, retinal scan, etc.), card holder information (credit card number, etc.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus capable of minimizing the required processing so that a data packet containing a described discontinuity information table can be inserted preferably in a transport stream (partial stream). In this apparatus, a stream layer model storage has a model of the table to be stored in a DIT (Discontinuity Information Table) packet indicating a discontinuity point of a stream layer. A DIT packet insertion controller refers to the information set in an insertion timing setting register and, upon arrival of the timing to insert the DIT packet, the information preset in a description contents setting register is inserted into the model to thereby generate the DIT packet, and then the generated packet is inserted at the discontinuity point of the transport stream (partial stream).

Abstract: A method of transmitting uplink control signals in a wireless communication system includes preparing a ACK/NACK resource for transmitting the ACK/NACK signal for HARQ of downlink data on an uplink control channel, preparing a scheduling request resource for transmitting a scheduling request and the ACK/NACK signal on the uplink control channel in one subframe, and transmitting the ACK/NACK signal on the uplink control channel configured by the scheduling request resource for the positive transmission of the scheduling request and transmitting the ACK/NACK signal on the uplink control channel configured by the ACK/NACK resource for negative transmission of the scheduling request.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is an apparatus. The apparatus includes a framer to receive packets, to determine a type associated with received packets, to pass data packets to a network processor, and to pass control packets to a host processor. The apparatus also includes a processor coupled to the framer to control the framer.

Abstract: A portable wireless device includes a processor portion, which is adapted to process audio information in two different ways, for two different purposes. One is to help generate a signal that drives a speaker of the device, so that a user can listen thereto. Another is to process audio information to derive plural-bit data therefrom. The device can then take an action based on the derived plural-bit data. In one particular arrangement, the processor is configured as a steganographic decoder. A variety of other features and arrangements are also detailed, including image-based methods, and arrangements employing various types of fingerprinting.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for removing noise contained within a usable frequency band of a mobile communication terminal. The apparatus includes a multiplier for multiplying a main clock of the mobile communication terminal by a predetermined integer to generate a reference signal; a multiplexer for multiplexing parallel signals, the parallel signals being transmitted to a peripheral device inside the mobile communication terminal, using the reference signal, and converting the parallel signals into serial signals; a demultiplexer for demultiplexing the serial signals to convert the serial signals into parallel signals; and a frequency divider for recovering the reference signal of the serial signals transmitted from the demultiplexer into the main clock.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a separate surrogate monitor stream provides real-time media monitoring statistics for non-media savvy protocols. The surrogate monitor stream contains packet transmission parameters, such as sequence numbers and time stamps, for associated media packets in the non-savvy media stream. The surrogate monitor stream also contains checksums derived from the media packets. The checksums are used to correlate the packets in the surrogate monitor stream with the media packets in the media stream. The information in the surrogate monitor stream is then used in conjunction with the non-savvy media stream to provide real-time media monitoring without having to modify existing infrastructure. For example, head-end video servers do not have to add Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) support or deal with protocol upgrades like RTP/UDP co-existence.

Abstract: A unified system of programming communication. The system encompasses the prior art (television, radio, broadcast hardcopy, computer communications, etc.) and new user specific mass media. Within the unified system, parallel processing computer systems, each having an input (e.g., 77) controlling a plurality of computers (e.g., 205), generate and output user information at receiver stations. Under broadcast control, local computers (73, 205), combine user information selectively into prior art communications to exhibit personalized mass media programming at video monitors (202), speakers (263), printers (221), etc. At intermediate transmission stations (e.g., cable television stations), signals in network broadcasts and from local inputs (74, 77, 97, 98) cause control processors (71) and computers (73) to selectively automate connection and operation of receivers (53), recorder/players (76), computers (73), generators (82), strippers (81), etc.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a system for establishing a connection between a first and a second communication device. The first communication device supports separate voice and data channels and is arranged for sending a pair of a first and second establishment requests, the first request being sent via the data channel and the second request being sent via the voice channel. The system comprises a proxy for receiving the first request via the data channel, and a gateway for receiving the second request via the voice channel. The gateway is arranged to forward the received request to the proxy and the proxy is arranged to forward the earliest received request of the pair of requests to one of a plurality of call control servers for processing.

Abstract: A data processing system including an input data port for receiving input data samples asynchronous to a native clock signal and having an input sample rate, a first sample rate converter for converting the data samples from the input sample rate to a sample rate synchronous with a rate of the native clock signal, and a data converter for converting data samples output from the first sample rate converter to another format. An analog to digital converter converts an analog signal into output data samples with a sample rate synchronous with the rate of the native clock signal, and a second sample rate converter converts the sample rate of the output data samples from the sample rate synchronous with the rate of the native clock signal to an output sample rate such that output data samples are asynchronous to the native clock signal.

Abstract: A call management method makes a call management system perform a process of releasing resources that are secured for a terminal device that has become a communication disable state among resources in the call management system that are secured for each of the terminal devices under speech communication (#103 and #108), and sending a message for finishing speech communication to a terminal device on the other end of the speech communication without transmitting it to the terminal device that has become a communication disable state (#112), when it is detected that one of the terminal devices under speech communication with each other has become a communication disable state in a mobile communication network (#102).

Abstract: A method of clock recovery of Time Division Multiplex signal in a packet network, wherein a first Provider Edge receives a timing message from a second Provider Edge and upon reception of said timing message a counter of said first Provider Edge is increased. The first Provider Edge sends to the second Provider Edge encapsulated Time Division Multiplex packet traffic and each packet sent to the second Provider Edge causes the counter to decrease. The first Provider Edge compares value of the counter with an Upper Threshold value and with a Low Threshold value and increases a rate of generation of the encapsulation packets if the counter is above said Upper Threshold or reduces the rate of generation of the encapsulation packets if the counter is below said Low Threshold.

Abstract: Session invitation method and system in a PTx communication system are disclosed. For session invitation, an inviting terminal adds first media information corresponding to session information in an invitation message and transmits it or transmits it through an RTP. Then, the first media information received by an invited terminal is checked and an invitee determines whether to accept the invitation before joining the session. When the invitation is rejected, the invited terminal adds second media information corresponding to a reason for rejection in a reject message and transmits it, or transmits it through the RTP.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for establishing a connection to a terminal device, wherein a user capability information defining supported types of information streams is set in a compatibility information element within an outband signaling message, and a capability negotiation is performed by transmitting said outband signaling message via an outband control channel. The code or user capability information may be set at the terminal device or at an intermediate network element based on a subscriber profile information obtained from a subscriber database. Thereby, the user capability, such as a multimedia session composition, can be already negotiated or handled during the outband call setup phase, and a corresponding inband negotiation can be avoided.

Abstract: In a device control system that provides a means for controlling a variety of device types via a unified interface, such as via a handheld controller, a synchronization protocol ensures synchronization between a plurality of such controllers in a peer-to-peer network environment, provides a means for transferring custom configurations between such controllers, and provides a means for migrating such a controller from a peer-to-peer network environment to a server-based network environment and vice-versa.

Abstract: Method, systems, and computer program products for identifying the application-level protocol of a signaling message are disclosed. According to one method, a message copied by a network monitoring system is received. The service indicator in the message is examined to determine whether more than one application-level protocol is possible. If more than one application-level protocol is not possible, the application-level protocol is identified based on the service indicator. If more than one application-level protocol is possible, additional message attributes are individually examined to determine whether identification of the application-level protocol is possible based on each attribute. The application-level protocol is identified based on the first attribute for which identification is determined to be possible.

Abstract: Information relating to a playback of divided static media data included in static media transmission data is stored in static media transmission data previous than the static media transmission data, and transmitted, thereby making it possible to determine whether there is no divided static media data originally or lost when the divided static media data is not received. Accordingly, in the case where static media such as timed text and the like is used in distribution of streaming type, when receiving no static media data, a data receiving apparatus determines whether there is no media data to be next displayed or media data is lost in the course of transmission to notify a user of loss of media data correctly. Moreover, it is possible to reduce time required for packet loss detection to execute a retransmission request without increasing pre-buffering.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a method of establishing call controller communication in a multi-layer transport network where a plurality of signaling communications networks may exist within each layer. An interlayer call controller association is enhanced to provide associations of multiple client call controllers to a single server layer call controller. A method of collecting sets of associations related to a single server layer call is provided so that a sequence of client call controllers may be constituted. The plurality of signaling communications networks is then used to pass control information between call controllers in that sequence.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for detecting and decoding data. The method comprises: receiving a set of data signals from an external data source; detecting a size of said received set of data signals; decoding said received set of data signals; extracting a destination address from said set of data signals; comparing said destination address extracted from said data signals to a known data value; determining whether said received data signals should be received by a host circuitry based upon said comparison of said destination address extracted from said data signals to a known data value; generating at least one status signal alerting said host circuitry of said determination that said received data signals should be received by said host circuitry; and waking up said host circuitry upon a determination that said received set of data is addressed to said host circuitry.

Abstract: A subscriber (12, 14, 16) initiating an Internet telephony call may receive specific content targeted to that subscriber in accordance with a match between at least one of the dialed number and the calling party number. Upon receipt of the subscriber's Internet telephony call, an Internet Telephony Service Provider server (18) searches each of a dialed number database, a calling party number database and a default database to establish a match between the calling party number, the dialed number or a range of either numbers. Upon finding a match, the Internet Telephony Service Provider server retrieves corresponding content, typically in the form of a URL that links to an associated web site, to provide to the subscriber who may elect to retrieve that information at the subscriber's discretion.

Abstract: A pair of devices (400, 401) appear to be a Common Channel Signaling (CCS) network nodes on each end of a pointdigital data link, that is, a normal CCS signaling link (402, 403). Multiple transport methods may be used to provide a redundant and diverse path for the signaling link. These methods include the encapsulation of the CCS protocol, at one or more layers, within other network protocols. In another embodiment, the present invention implements a virtual Signal Transfer Point by means of one or more encapsulating STPs (eSTPs). A packet data network (408) using standard packetdata protocols, rather than a backplane bus or specialnetwork, connects the encapsulating STPs (405, 406), and CCS messages are dynamically routed across the internal packet data network to an appropriate eSTP for transmission to the appropriate next hop address.

Abstract: A unified system of programming communication. The system encompasses the prior art (television, radio, broadcast hardcopy, computer communications, etc.) and new user specific mass media. Within the unified system, parallel processing computer systems, each having an input (e.g., 77) controlling a plurality of computers (e.g., 205), generate and output user information at receiver stations. Under broadcast control, local computers (73, 205), combine user information selectively into prior art communications to exhibit personalized mass media programming at video monitors (202), speakers (263), printers (221), etc. At intermediate transmission stations (e.g., cable television stations), signals in network broadcasts and from local inputs (74, 77, 97, 98) cause control processors (71) and computers (73) to selectively automate connection and operation of receivers (53), recorder/players (76), computers (73), generators (82), strippers (81), etc.

Abstract: If interaction between signaling gateways frequently occurs, it is possible that extended processings are executed redundantly on a path of signaling messages. To avoid such a redundancy, a consistent method is necessary for deciding a signaling gateway to execute an extended processing from among the signaling gateways. The signaling gateways, each time they receive a signaling message, calculate information about a path through which it is transferred. By passing the path information in addition to the signaling message to an extended processing program, the signaling gateways decide whether to execute the extended processing on the signaling gateways, on a session basis. A signaling gateway that has executed an extended processing adds information indicating a processing status to the signaling message to notify other signaling gateways of it.

Abstract: A digital broadcast receiving apparatus and method of reducing an output time of broadcast content, includes for the apparatus, a transport stream generator generating a transport stream from a digital broadcast signal, a transport stream buffer buffering the transport stream, a controller determining whether the buffered transport stream is reliable; a transport stream processor searching for interpretation information for interpreting broadcast content from the buffered transport stream, and searching for the broadcast content based on the interpretation information, if the buffered transport stream is determined as reliable, and an audio and video processor processing the searched broadcast content. Therefore, it is possible to quickly output and provide broadcast content to users.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for transmission of signalling data in cellular telecommunication networks. According to the invention, multiple radio bearers can be allocated for transferring signalling traffic, but all higher layer signalling is in any case taken through the RRC protocol. In the inventive method, MM and higher layer messages are sent using RRC DIRECT TRANSFER messages, but a separate RLC entity is set up for RRC DIRECT TRANSFER messages. In various embodiments of the invention, separate radio bearers can be set up for individual CN domains and/or upper layer protocols and/or for a group of RRC messages.