Abstract: The present invention is generally drawn to novel isolated therapeutic agents, termed resolvins, generated from the interaction between a dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), cyclooxygenase-II (COX-2) and an analgesic, such as aspirin (ASA). Surprisingly, careful isolation of compounds generated from the combination of components in an appropriate environment provide di- and tri-hydroxy EPA or DHA compounds having unique structural and physiological properties. The present invention therefore provides for many new useful therapeutic di- or tri-hydroxy derivatives of EPA or DHA (resolvins) that diminish, prevent, or eliminate inflammation or PMN migration, for example. The present invention also provides methods of use, methods of preparation, and packaged pharmaceuticals for use as medicaments for the compounds disclosed throughout the specification.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials related to the production of carotenoids. For example, microorganisms containing one or more exogenous nucleic acids and producing detectable amounts of carotenoids are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of remedying deterioration of an insulating film which, during the remedial treatment of an insulating film deteriorated by plasma treatment, does not leave residual remedial agent on the wiring material such as the copper wiring layer, can be conducted using a dry process, and exhibits excellent applicability to mass production. The insulating film that has been deteriorated by plasma treatment is brought into contact with a remedial agent composed of a compound with a molecular structure having at least one of a nitro group and a carbonyl group, and at least one of a hydrocarbon group and a hydrogen group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of acrolein, comprising the following steps: (a) bringing into contact of an aqueous glycerine phase in an acrolein reaction area to obtain an aqueous acrolein reaction phase; (b) depleting the acrolein from the acrolein reaction phase to obtain an acrolein phase and a depleted acrolein reaction phase; (c) conducting back at least a part of the depleted acrolein reaction phase into the acrolein reaction area. The invention further relates to a process for production of acrylic acid as well as of water-absorbing polymer structures, composites, in particular hygiene articles, comprising these water-absorbing polymer structures, a process for production of the composites and further chemical products based on the acrylic acid obtained by the inventive process and also the use of this acrylic acid in chemical products.

Abstract: An in situ or one-pot process for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I) uses a compound of general formula (I): and includes: a) the hydrogenation of a nitrile group of the compound of general formula (II): in which R1 to R4 are especially H or alkyl and n varies from 0 to 4, in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, a methylating agent and an organic acid as solvent, and at a temperature Ta below the initiation temperature of a reductive amination reaction, to give a primary amine from the nitrile group; and b) the reductive amination of the primary amine in the presence of hydrogen, at a temperature Tb above Ta, to give the dimethylated amine of general formula (I) by activation of the methylating age.

Abstract: The present invention primarily relates to the use of an aldehyde, substituted in alpha position by an alkyl residue, of the formula having (I) a total of 13 C atoms, wherein R means an unbranched alkyl residue having 6, 7, 8 or 9 C atoms and R? means an unbranched alkyl residue having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, or (II) a total of 15 C atoms, wherein R means an unbranched alkyl residue having 8, 9, 10 or 11 C atoms and R? means an unbranched alkyl residue having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, or a blend comprising or consisting of two, three or more such aldehydes of type (I) and/or (II), as an odoriferous or aroma substance.

Abstract: 3- and 4-Methyl-4-dodecenal, a method of their production and fragrance and flavour compositions comprising at least one of them.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for binding, in solution, at least a peptide composition and at least a lipophilic vector bearing an aldehyde function, the coupling comprising a step which consists in producing a hydrazone bond between the peptide compound and the lipophilic vector. The invention also concerns lipophilic vectors for use in this method, lipopeptides obtained by this method, uses of the lipopeptides for cell screening, and the applications of the invention, in particular for preparing targeting of an active principle of the peptide kind (for example hormone or neuropeptide) through physiological barriers such as cell membranes.

Abstract: An in situ or one-pot process for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I) uses a compound of general formula (I): and includes: a) the hydrogenation of a nitrile group of the compound of general formula (II): in which R1 to R4 are especially H or alkyl and n varies from 0 to 4, in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, a methylating agent and an organic acid as solvent, and at a temperature Ta below the initiation temperature of a reductive amination reaction, to give a primary amine from the nitrile group; and b) the reductive amination of the primary amine in the presence of hydrogen, at a temperature Tb above Ta, to give the dimethylated amine of general formula (I) by activation of the methylating age.

Abstract: The present invention primarily relates to the use of an aldehyde, substituted in alpha position by an alkyl residue, of the formula having (I) a total of 13 C atoms, wherein R means an unbranched alkyl residue having 6, 7, 8 or 9 C atoms and R? means an unbranched alkyl residue having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, or (II) a total of 15 C atoms, wherein R means an unbranched alkyl residue having 8, 9, 10 or 11 C atoms and R? means an unbranched alkyl residue having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, or a blend comprising or consisting of two, three or more such aldehydes of type (I) and/or (II), as an odoriferous or aroma substance.

Abstract: A reactant selected from the group consisting of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, dienes, and aromatics is reacted with a halide selected from the group including chlorine, bromine, and iodine to form a first reaction product. The first reaction product is reacted with a solid oxidizer to form a product selected from the group including olefins, alcohols, ethers, and aldehydes, and spent oxidizer. The spent oxidizer is oxidized to form the original solid oxidizer and the second reactant which are recycled.

Abstract: A process for the production of 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde is disclosed. The 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde is obtained by the reduction of 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid using trimethylacetic anhydride and a phosphine. The 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid is preferably obtained by a process in which tert-butanol and vinylidene chloride are reacted in the presence of sulfuric acid. The disclosed process has improved cost and yield.

Abstract: A Compound corresponding to formula (I): wherein X is a group selected from the group consisting of —CHO, —CN, —CH?NOH, and —CH2OH, and wherein the C?C double bond assumes a Z or E configuration.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an analytical method for measuring the concentration of an N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (“NPMIDA”) substrate, an N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine product, formaldehyde, formic acid, N-methyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (“NMG”), N-methyl-aminomethylphosphonic acid (MAMPA) or aminomethylphosphonic acid (“AMPA”)) in an aqueous mixture thereof, using infrared spectroscopy. The present invention is also directed to a process for oxidizing an N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid substrate to form a N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine product, and as part of the process, measuring the concentration of at least one reactant, product or byproduct of the oxidation reaction using the analytical method of the present invention and controlling the oxidation process in response to the measurement taken.

Abstract: Alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and olefins are manufactured from alkanes by mixing an alkane and a halogen selected from the group including chlorine, bromine, and iodine in a reactor to form alkyl halide and hydrogen halide. The alkyl halide only or the alkyl halide and the hydrogen halide are directed into contact with metal oxide to form an alcohol and/or an ether, or an olefin and metal halide. The metal halide is oxidized to form original metal oxide and halogen, both of which are recycled.

Abstract: The present invention is an oxime carboxylic acid derivative having the formula I: wherein n is 1 or 0, X is O, R2 and R3 being part of an oxime R2R3C═NOH are individually, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched alkyl-, alkenyl-, akinyl-, cycloalkyl-, cycloalkenyl-, or aromatic radical and contain less than 30 carbon atoms, and R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched alkyl-, alkenyl-, akinyl-, cycloalkyl-, cycloalkenyl-, alkoxyalkyl-, aryloxyaryl-, alkoxyaryl-, aryloxyalkyl-, or aromatic radical, or XnR1 is which are useful as precursors for the delivery of organoleptic compounds, especially for flavors, fragrances and masking agents, and/or antimicrobial compounds.

Abstract: In a process for stabilizing chemical compounds having at least one ethylenically unsaturated bond to undesired free radical polymerization, a nitroxyl radical and a chemical compound containing phosphorus in chemically bonded form are added to the unsaturated compound present as pure substance or as a component of a mixture.

Abstract: A process directed to the preparation of 2-substituted and 2,2-disubstituted acetals of malondialdehyde from ortho formates and substituted vinyl ethers in the presence of an acidic catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkyl- or aryloxyacetaldehydes of the formula 1

Abstract: Diallylic sulfides represented by Formula I wherein: R1 and R2 are independently chosen from the group consisting of —CHO, —CH2Cl, —CH2Br, —CH2I, —CH2OH, CH2OSO2CF3, —CH2OSO2Ph, —CH2OSO2C6H4CH3 and —CH2OSO2CH3 and processes for making the same.

Abstract: The invention provides a chain diene compound with desirable regioselectivity, in the presence of a specific ruthenium compound. This chain diene compound is a promising raw material for terpene. It has a structure represented by the general formula (I): wherein R1 represents H, a C1-C6 alkyl group which may be substituted or a C2-C6 alkenyl group which may be substituted, R2 represents a phenyl group which may have a C1-C4 alkyl group or a C1-C12 acyloxy group which may have a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, or a benzyl group or R2 is a hydroxy group which reversibly forms an aldehyde group through shifting of the position of the double bond adjacent to said hydroxy group. The chain diene compound is produced by reacting 2-substituted-1,3-butadienes with terminal olefins in the presence of a ruthenium compound in a hydrophilic solvent.

Abstract: Esters of branched C9 alcohols suitable as plasticizers are formed by esterification of a C9 alcohol produced by the aldol condensation from propanal and a C6 aldehyde and hydrogenation, the propanal optionally having been made from natural gas streams.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound that includes an active therapeutic agent attached to a blocking moiety that is sensitive to the catalytic action of molecules having retro-aldol and retro-Michael catalytic activity, methods for making such compounds and methods of converting such compounds to active therapeutic agents using molecules having aldolase activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of epothilones and intermediate products within the process.Epothilones A and B are natural substances, which can be produced by microorganisms, and the taxols have similar properties and are thus of particular interest in pharmaceutical chemistry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Raney catalyst comprising iron, cobalt, a third metal wherein the third metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium and mixtures of any of the metals of this group.

Abstract: A 3-alkoxypropionic ester derivative, an olefin polymerization solid catalyst component using the same, an olefin polymerization catalyst using the same, and a process for the preparation of a polyolefin using the same. The 3-alkoxypropionic ester derivative is represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R.sup.4 represents a branched hydrocarbon group having 3 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a linear .omega.-formyl-carboxylic acid or a corresponding linear formylnitrile compound starting from an internally unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 carboxylic acid or a corresponding ester or nitrile by means of hydroformylation in the presence of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst system, wherein the hydroformylation is carried out in an aqueous medium and in that the catalyst system comprises platinum and a water-soluble organic bidentate ligand.

Abstract: A process for the heterogeneous exothermic synthesis of formaldehyde, in particular in a reactor of the type comprising a plurality of adiabatic catalytic beds connected in series, provides the step of feeding to the reactor the methanol necessary for the synthesis distributed in at least two portions, each fed to respective distinct catalytic beds.

Abstract: A process for the heterogeneous exothermic synthesis of formaldehyde, in particular in reactors of the type comprising a plurality of adiabatic catalytic beds connected in series, provides the step of flowing the gaseous reagents across at least one of the catalytic beds with substantially radial flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to the .beta.-methylene aldehydes of formula: ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and optionally substituted carboacyclic, radicals,R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be identical or different, are chosen from a hydrogen atom and optionally substituted carbocyclic, radicals, it not being possible for R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 simultaneously to be a hydrogen atom.The invention also relates to the use of these compounds for the preparation of compounds of interest, in particular from the retinoid or carotenoid family, and the respective structural analogs thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel ketomethylene group-containing aldehyde inhibitors of cysteine or serine proteases. Methods for the use of the protease inhibitors are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel intermediates for the preparation of vitamin A and carotenoids, corresponding to the following formula (I): ##STR1## in which X is a carbon atom; n is equal to 1 or 2; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be identical or different, each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl containing 2 to 11 carbon atoms or aryl, each alkyl and alkenyl may be linear, branched or cyclic, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cycloaliphatic compound which is optionally substituted; and R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8, which may be identical or different, each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkenyl containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, each alkyl or alkenyl being linear, or if containing sufficient numbers of carbon atoms, may also be branched or cyclic, or an aryl containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or any two of R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.

Abstract: Fluorinated aldehydes are made by reacting a fluorinated acyl chloride with a silicon hydride in the presence of palladium. Also disclosed are fluorinated ether aldehydes and their polymers, a process for making fluorinated aldehydes polymers using titanium or aluminum alkoxide catalysts, and a process for endcapping fluorinated polymers using perfluoroallyl fluorosulfate or fluorine.

Abstract: Fluorinated aldehydes are made by reacting a fluorinated acyl chloride with a silicon hydride in the presence of palladium. Also disclosed are fluorinated ether aldehydes and their polymers, a process for making fluorinated aldehydes polymers using titanium or aluminum alkoxide catalysts, and a process for endcapping fluorinated polymers using perfluoroallyl fluorosulfate or fluorine.

Abstract: A procedure for forming methylmalonaldehyde from propionaldehyde, an alkyl formate and a sodium alkoxide, utilizing a crossed-Claisen condensation is disclosed. The procedure avoids the formation of aldol condensation products. Also disclosed are processes for preparing 3-alkoxy-2-methylpropenals such as 2-methyl-3-(2-methyl-2-propenoxy)propenal from methylmalonaldehyde. The latter products are useful in the synthesis of carotenoids.

Abstract: A novel process for the manufacture of .gamma.-acetoxytiglic aldehyde ("C.sub.5 -aldehyde"), which is known as an important starting material for the production of vitamin A acetate from a (.beta.-ionylidenethyl)triphenylphosphonium halide and C.sub.5 -aldehyde, comprises treating a pentenyn-3-ol of the formula HC.tbd.C--C(CH.sub.3)(OH)--CH.dbd.C(R).sub.2 (II), wherein both R's signify either hydrogen or methyl, with ozone, preferably in a lower alkanol R.sup.1 OH, wherein R.sup.1 signifies C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, to obtain an aldehyde 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-butynal of the formula HC.tbd.C--C(CH.sub.3)(OH)--CHO (III). The aldehyde III may be converted to the C.sub.5 -aldehyde by conventional means.

Abstract: In hydroformylation comprising allowing an ethylenically unsaturated compound to react with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to convert it into a corresponding aldehyde, the catalyst is a rhodium-containing catalyst comprising;(a) a rhodium compound;(b) an organic phosphorus compound having at least one tertiary amine residual group and at least one tertiary phosphorus residual group, having the ability of coordination to said rhodium compound; and optionally(c) an acidic compound with which at least part of the tertiary amine residual group of the organic phosphorus compound is converted into ammonium ions.

Abstract: Immunoregulatory N-(S-3-alkyl-4-heptenoyl)- and N-(S-3-alkylheptanoyl)-D-gamma-glutamyl-glycyl-D-alanine and esters thereof are synthesized via R-trans-2-hexen-4-ols, R-3-alkyl-4-heptenoic acid and S-3-alkylheptanoic acid.

Abstract: Fluorinated aldehydes are made by reacting a fluorinated acyl chloride with a silicon hydride in the presence of palladium. Also disclosed are fluorinated ether aldehydes and their polymers, a process for making fluorinated aldehydes polymers using titanium or aluminum alkoxide catalysts, and a process for endcapping fluorinated polymers using perfluoroallyl fluorosulfate or fluorine.

Abstract: Cement and aggregates are mixed with each other by the use of a dispersant to the effect of water reduction and prevention of slump loss, the dispersant comprising (1) (I), (IIa), and an amine reaction terminator of (IIb), (IIc), (IVg) and/or (IVh); (2) (I), (IIb) and/or (IIc) and (IIIe) and/or (IIIf); or (3) (I), (IIa) and (IIIe) and/or (IIIf), in which formulae, R is hydrogen or an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an alkali metal; X.sub.1 is hydrogen, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, carboxylic acid group, an alkali metal salt carboxylate, sulfonic acid group, an alkali metal salt sulfonate, hydroxy or methoxy; Y.sub.1 is carboxylic acid or an alkali metal salt carboxylate, sulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt sulfonate; Y is hydrogen or an alkali metal; Z is hydrogen, an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or --CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 M; and M is hydrogen or an alkali metal.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of ferrous surfaces in an acidic, aqueous medium having a temperature of at least about 200.degree. F. is disclosed. The method comprises incorporating into the mediumn a corrosion inhibiting amount of a corrosion inhibitor comprising the reaction product of an aldehyde and a composition corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from H and alkyl, R.sup.4 is H, alkyl, alkanol or (alkylene-N).sub.n H wherein n is at least one, and x is 2 or 3. The present invention is also directed to a such method in which the corrosion inhibitor comprises a compound corresponding to the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 and x are defined as above.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel acyclic terpenes of the formula: ##STR1## which are useful as intermediates for the industrially advantageous production of sarcophytol A.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dihydropyran derivatives, processes for preparing, and processes of using the derivatives. The derivatives are prepared by condensation of lithium dienolate of prenal with an aldehyde or a ketone.The pyran derivative prepared from .beta.-ionylideneacetaldehyde when treated in the presence of a catalyst directly forms retinal.

Abstract: 1-Azabutadienes of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl or pyridyl, and these radicals may be substituted, or are each alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted, R.sup.3 is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or a radical OR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl or an aromatic or aliphatic acyl group, or R.sup.3 is a radical NHR.sup.5, where R.sup.5 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or the carbamide group, and fungicidal agents containing these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a perfume composition comprising a methyl branched aliphatic compound and the methyl branched aliphatic compound useful as perfume material and a method for imparting a fragrance by using such compounds and compositions.

Abstract: A novel process for converting myrcene to citral using palladium (II) chloride in the presence of water, an immiscible solvent, a phase transfer agent, and a metal oxoanionic salt. A novel process for converting a palladium-myrcene complex to citral using a phase transfer agent and a metal oxoanionic salt in the presence of water and an immiscible solvent is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel process for converting myrcene to a key palladium-myrcene complex using palladium (II) chloride in the presence of an aqueous cycloamide solvent and lithium salt is disclosed. Novel processes for converting the palladium-myrcene complex to citral using a phosphine compound, or to nerol using a nitrogen-donor compound in the presence of hydrogen gas, are also presented.

Abstract: The preparation of 2,3-dialkoxypropanals of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl or C.sub.5 - or C.sub.6 -cycloalkyl which may or may not bear substituents which are inert under the conditions of the reaction, wherein a 1,2-dialkoxy ethene of the general formula IIR.sup.1 O--HC.dbd.CH--OR.sup.2 (II)is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium-containing catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides mainly (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-epoxy-1,3,6-heneicosatriene (formula 1) and (3Z, 6Z)-cis-9,10-epoxy-1,3,6-elcosatriene (formula 2) which are Hyphantria cunea sex pheromones. The invention provides attractant components having high attraction effect for Hyphantria cunea, that is, Hyphantria cumea sex pheromones having high attraction activity and the intermediates which can selectively synthesize such pheromones with great ease.Furthermore, the invention provides attractant compositions with high attraction effect for Hyphantria cunea including such above noted pheromones.Consequently, this invention is completed.

Abstract: A novel process for converting myrcene to a key palladium-myrcene complex using palladium (II) chloride in the presence of an aqueous cycloamide solvent and lithium salt is disclosed. Novel processes for converting the palladium-myrcene complex to citral using a phosphine compound, or to nerol using a nitrogen-donor compound in the presence of hydrogen gas, are also presented.