Abstract: The present invention provides closed-cycle hydro jet thruster (CCHJT) used for the direct conversion of torque into thrust and/or lift force. In a preferred embodiment, the CCHJT includes an outer casing; two inner-members; an intermediate body; a plurality of convergent nozzles; a set of intersecting members; a drive shaft; a rotor assembly having a plurality of blades; a hydraulic fluid completely filling the space within the casing; and a fluid pressure regulating system. In operation, the rotating blades accelerate and compress the hydraulic fluid leading to generation of thrust/lift force on the blades, which is transmitted to the CCHJT's casing through thrust bearings. This is followed by acceleration of the working fluid within the nozzles, suddenly expanding the accelerated working fluid within sub-passages defined in-between the intersecting members, and then directing the flow of the working fluid towards the upstream suction surfaces of the blades for re-acceleration.

Abstract: A hydrostatic stepless transmission (“HST”) includes a center casing into which a plunger block of a hydraulic pump and a plunger block of a hydraulic motor are inserted. Plunger ports are open and aligned peripherally on an outer peripheral surface of each plunger block. A pair of main fluid passages of a closed fluid circuit fluidly connecting the hydraulic pump to the hydraulic motor are formed in opposite side portions of the center casing. Each of the main fluid passage includes peripheral grooves formed on an inner peripheral surface of the center casing so as to face the plunger ports of the respective plunger blocks, and includes an axial fluid duct formed to be interposed between the peripheral grooves. A bearing gap is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the center casing and the outer peripheral surface of the plunger block so as to cause a dynamic pressure action of fluid.

Abstract: A bicycle hydraulic component operating device is provided with a main body, a hydraulic cylinder housing, a piston, an operating lever, and a fluid reservoir tank. The main body includes a handlebar mounting portion and a gripping portion. The hydraulic cylinder housing is supported by the main body. The piston is movably disposed within the hydraulic cylinder housing. The operating lever is pivotally disposed around a pivot axis relative to the main body to move the piston within the hydraulic cylinder housing in response to pivotal movement of the operating lever relative to the main body. The fluid reservoir tank is in fluid communication with the hydraulic cylinder housing. The fluid reservoir tank is supported by one of the main body and the operating lever at a location spaced from an area directly above the hydraulic cylinder housing while the bicycle hydraulic component operating device is in an installed position.

Abstract: A method comprising providing a power train comprising a plurality of cells, each cell forming a hydraulic loop; producing a power train cycle comprising a controlled concentration-pressure loop wherein the concentration field: (a) osmotically induces a continuous and constant flow rate of substantially salt-free permeate flux throughout the power train; (b) maintains a salt concentration difference across the semipermeable membrane shared by the adjacent cells in the plurality of cells; (c) defines a salt concentration ratio within each cell that ensures a net positive power generation; and, (d) discharges the concentrated brine at the opposing end cell; and operating the power train under conditions effective to generate net positive power at an efficiency of 35% or more.

Abstract: Personal watercraft systems, watercraft power systems, and methods of developing and managing engine powered systems between and end user and an original equipment manufacturer are described. The personal watercraft power systems include a housing for supporting a water jet pump and engine system. The housing is constructed to support the power system and removably engage a watercraft. The power system has a reduced profile and is particularly applicable for watercraft having a modular construction. Preferably, the housing is constructed to removably engage a number of watercraft configurations and provides a watercraft power system that is easily serviceable, highly versatile, and dynamic.

Abstract: An arrangement of a basic transmission and an add-on module having a module housing. The basic transmission has a driveshaft with a central axial bore for the supply of a lubricating oil stream and the add-on module has a connecting shaft mounted in the module housing by way of at least one roller bearing. The driveshaft and the connecting shaft are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner by a plug-in connection, and the plug-in connection and the at least one roller bearing are supplied with lubricating oil, by way of the central axial bore of the driveshaft. The lubricating oil stream can be divided into at least two flow streams in such manner that a respective flow -stream can pass to the at least one roller bearing and to the plug-in connection.

Abstract: An energy recovery apparatus exchanges pressure energy between concentrated seawater discharged from a reverse-osmosis membrane-separation apparatus and a part of seawater to be treated by the reverse-osmosis membrane-separation apparatus in a seawater desalination system for producing fresh water from the seawater. The energy recovery apparatus includes two perforated plates provided at a concentrated seawater port side in a chamber, and two perforated plates provided at a seawater port side in the chamber. The two perforated plates comprises a first perforated plate and a second perforated plate. The first perforated plate and the second perforated plate at the concentrated seawater port side and the seawater port side are arranged to meet certain requirements including one of an open area ratio of the first perforated plate, an open area ratio of the second perforated plate, and a distance between the first perforated plate and the second perforated plate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a hydraulic system for a crane with at least one hydraulic circuit, which comprises at least one hydraulic consumer, and a constant pressure network, wherein the at least one hydraulic circuit is coupled with the constant pressure network via at least one pressure reducer, whereby a higher volume flow with low pressure as compared to the constant pressure network can be generated in the hydraulic circuit.

Abstract: A drive includes a hydraulic machine configured to convert kinetic energy into hydraulic energy and a hydrostatic energy store configured to be charged by the hydraulic machine. The drive further includes a control device configured to control the preloading of the store as a function of an operating state of a device driven by the drive. A hydrostatic energy store for a drive of a device includes a hydraulic machine which converts kinetic energy into hydraulic energy and charges the store. The store further includes a control device configured to vary a preloading of the store as a function of an operating state of the device. A method for adapting a preloading of a hydrostatic energy store includes determining an operating state of the device, determining the optimum preloading as a function of the determined operating state, and setting the preloading. A control device controls the setting of the preloading.

Abstract: This Mechanism introduces a new concept for rotary valves used in fluid power transmission and control. It transforms the rotary motion precisely to axial straight motion. It can also be used as an actuator. There are two sensitive chambers at the ends of the spool. Four helical grooves operate in axial symmetry. The rotary motion of the helical groove changes the connections/distribution between ports and chambers, thus forces the spool to slide to a balanced position.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor comprising an impeller having an input drive, the impeller having an impulse turbine positioned around the periphery of the impeller to be driven by the gas exiting the impeller, the output of the turbine being coupled to the drive of the impeller.

Abstract: MONREALPOWER is a mechanical design to power up a turbine/generator to generate electricity or power up car engine and alike without using any gasoline or related fuel. Power will be generated using the combination of air pressure and plain “clean water” as the driving force. A revolutionary design in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering using cheap and almost unlimited source. MONREALPOWER is the concept of the future machine or engine powered by “water cannon”, which is the opposite concept of modern day machine or engine which is powered by “fire cannon”.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for an amphibian provided with at least one retractable wheel or track drive, includes a first hydraulic circuit having at least one hydraulic actuator and associated controller for retracting and protracting the at least one wheel or track drive, a second hydraulic control having at least one hydraulic actuator and associated controller for providing hydraulic assist for steering and/or brake functions of the amphibian.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for a power generation system, including an inlet for introducing a liquid into the system, an inlet pipe for carrying the liquid introduced to the inlet, a generation station for converting the flow of liquid into energy, and an outlet pipe for removing the liquid from the generation station.

Abstract: There is disclosed an integrated device for orienting an object according to a given spatial orientation comprising a frame and a supporting member connected thereto and adapted for supporting a portion of the object. The integrated device comprises a plurality of fluid actuated devices integrally molded and joined together through a joining portion to form an integral unit for displacing the supporting member with respect to the frame. Each fluid actuated device is actuatable between a first position wherein the device has a first length and a second position wherein the device has a second length. The integrated device comprises an actuation mechanism for actuating each fluid actuated device between the first position and the second position to enable displacing the supporting member with respect to the frame, thereby orienting the object according to the given spatial orientation.

Abstract: A hydraulic device for changing the pitch of a propeller including a piston rod actuated by a hydraulic fluid, the piston rod including at its end a clevis mount able to provide a connection for transmitting the movements of the piston rod so as to change the pitch of at least one propeller, a thread nut held in position on the clevis of the piston rod by a fastener, the nut being able to collaborate with a threaded rod in order to provide a connection.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric energy generation system based on the use of static weight. The static weight can be placed, pushed, or rolled onto a platform or shelf, controlled in its vertical motion downward, and connected to an electric generator, which transforms the vertical linear motion to electricity. A gearing system, hydraulic transmission, fluid coupling, or torque convertor to convert linear to rotational motion is employed as necessary, thereby turning the generator. A return means, of various forms, allows the platform or shelf to return to original position, and provides an opportunity to make use of vertical motion once again for energy production. A flywheel may be used to provide more sustained and smoother power over a longer period, and other amplification means may be used to increase duration or amount of power, as well as conversion means to provide electricity in usable form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a micro-valve which is formed from two firmly connected substrates and preferably has an actuator element, for example that is diaphragm-driven, for the controlled opening and closing of a first and/or second passage. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a micro-valve and to a micro-pump which uses at least one such micro-valve. Said micro-pump is intended to be used in particular in conjunction with the development of an artificial sphincter. The micro-valve has a first substrate and a second substrate which are non-detachably joined to each other in order to form a controllable fluid flow section, and at least one first passage and at least one second passage. According to the invention, the micro-valve has at least one elastically deformable seal structure which, for example, can be formed by a photostructurable silicone, to seal off the first and/or second passage.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a clutch set, a tank with fluid, an auxiliary battery, an electric fuel pump, and a controller. The electric fluid pump delivers some of the fluid from the tank to a designated oncoming clutch of the clutch set. The controller calculates a predicted flow value for the oncoming clutch during the shift event, and selectively controls the speed of the pump using the predicted flow value during the shift event. The controller controls the pump using an actual flow value when the vehicle is not executing a shift event, i.e., when holding torque. The speed of the electric fluid pump is increased to a first calculated speed determined using the predicted flow value when the shift event is initiated and before filling of the oncoming clutch commences, and is reduced to a second calculated speed determined using the actual flow value when the shift event is complete.

Abstract: System for converting mechanical energy such as ocean power into fluid power which is directed to energy conversion systems or other purposes. Included are fluid inflatable containers arranged to receive mechanical energy from a plunger mounted on a shaft, such that the flexible wall of the container forms a rolling lobe in response to changes in volume, enclosed within a drum, said shaft running axially through the drum and coupled to the drum by bearings so that the drum and shaft may move in relation to one another, a vane runs longitudinally on the drum and extending radially from an attachment point at the inner surface of the drum to the surface of the shaft. The mechanical energy is connected directly or indirectly to either the shaft or to the drum. Mechanical forces cause the plunger to press into the fluid inflatable container expelling fluid and creating fluid flow.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an energy reclaiming system for an electric forklift truck. The energy reclaiming system includes an electronic device operated by a motor when a working machine is raised and operated by a generator when the working machine is lowered, a hydraulic pump/motor connected to the electronic device and configured to perform two functions of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor, a main control valve unit including a lift cylinder operating unit connected to the hydraulic pump/motor and configured to operate a lift cylinder and a secondary consumer operating unit connected to the hydraulic pump/motor and configured to operate a secondary consumer, and a control lever including a control valve configured to control the lift cylinder or the secondary consumer through the lift cylinder operating unit and the secondary consumer operating unit of the main control valve unit, respectively.

Abstract: A method for protecting a component of a hydraulic machine against erosion comprises steps involving preparing, in the flat state, several sheets of polymerised synthetic material, in applying a coat of adhesive to one side of each sheet 300 and in laying the sheets on the surface of the component that is to be covered with the layer of coating.

Abstract: A hydraulic travel drive includes a primary hydraulic machine and at least one secondary hydraulic machine connected in a closed hydraulic circuit via a first and a second working line. A first accumulator is connected via a first valve to the first working line and via a second valve to the second working line. A second accumulator is connected via a third valve to the first working line and via a fourth valve to the second working line. The four valves are non-proportional switching valves each having two defined switching positions. A method for operating the drive includes comparing the high pressure working line to the first accumulator. If pressure in the accumulator is lower than in the working line, the first accumulator is connected to the high pressure working line for charging until pressure in the accumulator corresponds to that of the working line.

Abstract: An ambulance shock-absorbing platform for stretcher. The ambulance shock-absorbing platform for stretcher has a plurality of gas actuators mounted to an ambulance floor, and a stage mounted atop the gas actuators. A prime mover drives a pump to actuate the gas actuators to raise the level of the stage to provide shock absorption; a valve may be opened to vent the gas actuators to reduce the stage height for rolling a stretcher on and off the stage. Means to limit the upper and lower stage ends-of-travel is disclosed, and means to control stage height. An M bar and hook are mounted to the stage; a stretcher may be locked into place by means of the M bar, the hook support, and a hook slidably attached to the hook support.

Abstract: An energy generation apparatus comprising a storage vessel adapted to contain a first fluid, one or more evacuation vessels, each of the one or more evacuation vessels being divided into a first portion in fluid communication with the storage vessel and a second portion in fluid communication with a source of a second fluid, and energy generation means, wherein the flow of the first fluid from the storage vessel to the first portion of the evacuation vessel results in the evacuation of the second fluid from the second portion of the evacuation vessel such that the flow of the second fluid from the second portion of the evacuation vessel results in the actuation of the energy generation means.

Abstract: A clothing article for a foot including a sole including a sealed collapsible air cavity having disposed therein a return support for expanding a collapsed air cavity wherein the air cavity includes an outlet permitting a quantity of air to exit when the air cavity is collapsed; an upper, coupled to the sole, for covering a portion of the foot; an air-actuated active element coupled to the upper, the active element including a first mode and a second mode, the active element biased to the first mode and responsive to the quantity of air to transition from the first mode to the second mode; and a communication channel, coupled to the outlet and to the active element, for transferring the quantity of air from the air cavity to the active element.

Abstract: A power device using a gas to drive a liquid includes a container, a specific quantity of liquid, a driving mechanism, a specific quantity of gas and a power generator, and the container has a first chamber, a second chamber, and a communicating hole formed between the first and second chambers; the specific quantity of liquid is filled into the first and second chambers; the driving mechanism includes a moving object contained in the first chamber; the specific quantity of gas is filled into first chamber and situated between the moving object and a liquid surface of the specific quantity of liquid; the power generator is installed in the container and at a position corresponding to the communicating hole; and the moving object increases and decreases the pressure of the specific quantity of gas to drive the power generator to generate and output power.

Abstract: An electro hydrostatic actuator includes an actuator body, a hydraulic pump driven to supply operation oil to the actuator body, and an electric motor configured to drive the hydraulic pump. Each of the hydraulic pump and the electric motor is placed so as to surround the outer periphery of the actuator body, and the hydraulic pump and the electric motor are arranged in a direction along a center axis.

Abstract: A hydraulic system having an actuator having a piston and associated rod forming head and rod chambers and being adapted to move between retracted and extended positions within a cylinder, and first and second sources of fluid. A first pump provides fluid from the first source to the head chamber at a first pressure. At least one valve provides fluid from the second source at a second pressure to supplement fluid provided to the head chamber from the first pump when the second pressure is greater than the first pressure.

Abstract: A remotely operated vehicle system comprises a primary hydraulic system and a multitask interface panel including a hydraulic receptacle in selective fluid communication with the primary hydraulic system. The multitask interface panel is configured for selective connection and disconnection to one or more hydraulically powered devices while the multitask interface panel is subsea.

Abstract: An energy recovery retrofit kit for a hydraulic control system is disclosed. The energy recover retrofit kit may have a first accumulator and a second accumulator. The energy recover retrofit kit may also have a recovery valve block fluidly connectable between an existing pump and an existing motor of the hydraulic system. The recovery valve block may be configured to selectively fluidly communicate the first and second accumulators with the existing motor.

Abstract: A control system for construction machine includes a main pump; a circuit system including operation valves; a boom cylinder being connected to a specific operation valve; one passage allowing communication between the specific operation valve and a piston-side chamber; another passage allowing communication between the specific operation valve and a rod-side chamber; a hydraulic motor rotating by the action of return oil from the piston-side chamber; a generator generating power by a rotational force of the hydraulic motor; a battery storing power generated by the generator; and a valve mechanism being provided in the one passage communicating with the piston-side chamber, introducing the return oil from the piston-side chamber at the time of descent as a regeneration flow to the hydraulic motor and introducing the return oil as a recovery flow to the rod-side chamber if necessary by causing the return oil to flow into the other passage.

Abstract: A hydrostatic stepless transmission joined to a transmission housing includes a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, a port block and a charge pump. The port block includes first and second side surfaces opposite each other. The hydraulic pump and motor are mounted on the first side surface of the port block so as to be fluidly connected to each other via a hydraulic circuit formed in the port block. The charge pump includes a pump housing mounted to the second side surface of the port block. The pump housing includes a mount part to which the transmission housing is mounted.

Abstract: In a module system for manufacturing variants of two and three stable positions fluid-operated actuators a cylinder housing of both variants of two and three stable positions actuators is manufactured from a blank. The blank includes at least one opening for a cover and is identical for the variants of the two and three stable position actuator, and is at least prepared for the arrangement of a first pressure duct, a second pressure duct, and a first cylinder diameter of the cylinder housing.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus to lower a load, comprising a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic actuator having first and second ports, a manipulation device, a hydraulic circuit including meter-in and meter-out flow passages for the first and second ports respectively and a regeneration flow passage with a check valve, a control valve, a meter-out flow controller adjusting a meter-out flow rate according to the manipulation device, a back pressure valve, and a non-regeneration operation relief valve whose set pressure is not less than a sum of a minimum set pressure of the back pressure valve, an inlet-outlet pressure difference of the meter-out flow controller when the meter-out flow rate is maximum and a discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump is maximum, and an actuator pressure difference for driving the hydraulic actuator with no load, and not less than a maximum set pressure of the back pressure valve.

Abstract: A power generating apparatus is provided with a hub rotated by the renewable energy received via a blade, a rotating shaft connected to the hub, a hydraulic pump mounted on the rotating shaft and driven by rotation of the rotating shaft, a hydraulic motor driven by pressurized oil from the hydraulic pump, a generator coupled to the hydraulic motor, a support providing reaction torque on the hydraulic pump from the rotating shaft while allowing a displacement of the hydraulic pump in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the rotating shaft, the hydraulic pump being supported by a nacelle through the support, and a pressurized-oil piping which is at least partially constituted of a flexible tube and which connects an outlet port of the hydraulic pump to an inlet port of the hydraulic motor to supply the pressurized oil from the hydraulic pump to the hydraulic motor.

Abstract: An output system (100) for the extraction and/or output of plural masses (220), comprising a cylinder unit (300) made up of at least two double-acting cylinders (301, 304) each having a piston (303), displaceable by means of a piston rod (302, 305), for extraction and/or output of one of the masses (220) in each case, the piston rods (302, 305) being arranged parallel to one another and being connected to one another via at least one connecting element (307) in such a way that the connected piston rods (302, 305) are displaceable as a unit; and comprising a control unit (200) made up of at least two valves (201, 204) for controlling the entry and return of the masses (220) to the cylinders (301, 304).

Abstract: The invention relates to a mobile machine having a traction drive and working hydraulics. The drive unit has a radial piston pump which is driven by a drive set and supplies working hydraulics. The radial piston pump is arranged on the axis of the output drive shaft of the drive set, between the drive set and a gearbox which is connected thereto via the output drive shaft. The drive set, the radial piston pump and the gearbox in this case form a compact drive unit.

Abstract: A water-chamber working apparatus 1 according to the present invention includes a movable body that can move along a tube plate 12 of a steam generator 10, an extendable member 21 that extends and retracts in a direction in which a first coupling portion 21d approach each other and a direction in which these portions move away from each other, where the first coupling portion 21d is attached to a maintenance hatch 15 via a first joint 23a including two rotation axes intersecting with each other, and the second coupling portion 21e is attached to the movable body via a second joint 23b including two rotation axes intersecting with each other, which are different from the rotation axes of the first joint 23a.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mechanical displacement element, which is provided by means of a displacement foil, capable of being configured as a miniature and has a hollow space that is configured such that a spatial arrangement and/or configuration of the displacement foil occurs by means of the supply and/or the removal of a liquid and/or gaseous medium into and/or from the hollow space. The displacement foil is disposed on an object, and/or is at least partially integrated in the object, such that a predetermined change of the spatial configuration of the object is occurs with a change of the spatial arrangement and/or configuration of the displacement foil.

Abstract: An apparatus for servicing roadways includes a frame configured to be secured to a prime mover. The apparatus further includes a grinding drum rotatably supported upon the frame. The apparatus still further includes a driving system supported upon the frame and configured to rotationally drive the grinding drum.

Abstract: A fluid pump (10) has a compression member (12) having a variably-sized compression surface (13b) movable against fluid pressure in a chamber (22). The effective surface area of the compression member (12) decreases in size together with a corresponding cross-sectional area of the chamber (22) from a maximal area at a beginning of the compression stroke to a minimal area at the end of the compression stroke. Using a variably-sized surface area to compress a fluid volume allows obtaining a rapid gain of fluid pressure even for applications in which the compression member (12) is actuated at relatively low frequencies and under the action of relatively small forces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a membrane, in particular to a hollow fiber membrane comprising a membrane, comprising at least two layers, wherein the at least two layers each comprise at least one layer forming material comprising at least one polymer and the at least two layers differ from each other with respect to the layer forming material, wherein the at least two layers are at least partly covalently and delamination free bonded to each other. The present invention relates furthermore to a method of production of the said membrane as well as to its use.

Abstract: A solenoid pump and associated hydraulic circuitry are intended for use in automatic transmissions capable of engine start stop (ESS) operation. In a first embodiment, a solenoid pump provides pressurized hydraulic fluid to respective inputs of two way check valves. The other inputs are provided with controlled hydraulic fluid from a transmission valve body. The outputs of the check valves are provided to those hydraulically operated torque transmitting devices associated with first gear. The solenoid pump is activated when the transmission is in gear and the engine is stopped to maintain hydraulic pressure in those actuators associated with first gear in order that a first gear vehicle launch may be quickly and smoothly achieved when the engine is restarted. A second, similar embodiment provides hydraulic fluid to actuators associated with reverse gear.

Abstract: An electrical generator converts the high blast pressures of explosives into useful electricity by capturing the explosive gases and using the high gas pressures to alternately push water hydraulically between two tanks and through water turbines connected to DC electric generators. Water expelled through a water turbine from one tank is used to fill the other tank. Batteries can be used to store the electrical energy generated, and inverters followed by transformers convert the DC electric from the turbine-generators to 110-VAC, 220-VAC, and 440-VAC. A microcomputer controller connected to various sensors and solenoid valves coordinates the timing and routing of the detonation of explosives, tank pressures, venting, valving, and load control.

Abstract: A device (1) for driving working equipment (2) which can be connected to an agricultural commercial vehicle. The commercial vehicle has a combustion engine (6) and a generator (9) which can be driven by the combustion engine (6). The commercial vehicle and/or the working equipment (2) have at least a hydraulic pump (5), for the supply of a hydraulic working circuit (3), and a mechanical connection (4), for driving the working equipment (2). At least one hydraulic pump (5) and/or the mechanical connection (4) can be driven electrically and/or mechanically, and can be driven with a controllable rotational speed by way of the power branching.

Abstract: The present technology is directed generally to pneumatic gearbox systems with variable speed transmission and associated systems and methods. In selected embodiments, pneumatic gearbox systems can include a variable input power source and a compressor operatively coupled thereto. The compressor can be configured to compress a fluid at a first cyclic frequency from the variable power input power source. The system can further include a storage vessel in fluid communication with the compressor and an expander in fluid communication with the storage vessel. The storage vessel can be configured to retain a volume of the fluid after compression until the expander draws upon it to expand the fluid at a second cyclic frequency different from the first cyclic frequency. The second cyclic frequency can be configured to synchronize with that of an electrical generator.

Abstract: An apparatus has a tank with an open top, a tank wall, and a closed bottom. A first ringwall extends from the bottom such that a first annular space is defined by the first ringwall and the tank wall, and a second annular space is defined by the first ringwall. A second ringwall extends in the second annular space, and defines a third annular space between the first ringwall and the second ringwall, and a cylindrical space. An air conduit extends through the cylindrical space. A pod disposed into the cylindrical space has a closed chamber and a displacement chamber. An inner riser disposed in the third annular space has an open bottom, and rests onto the inner ringwall. An outer riser rests onto the outer ringwall and is disposed in the first annular space and has a closed top, a wall, and an open bottom.

Abstract: An actuator for a pump wherein the actuator may be made of a single molded part or multiple molded parts wherein each part or component may define a portion of the spin mechanics of the actuator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydraulic continuously variable transmission structure for an automobile comprising an oil tank, a tee joint, a hydraulic pump, an automobile speed regulation valve, an astern valve and a hydraulic motor, wherein the oil tank, the hydraulic pump, the automobile speed regulation valve, the astern valve and the hydraulic motor are connected via oil pipes to form an integral hydraulic continuously variable transmission structure. An automobile adopting the hydraulic continuously variable transmission structure for an automobile is also provided. According to the present application, continuously variation of speed ratio may be achieved.