Abstract: A compact vertical contact has lateral space requirements in the fabrication of semiconductor devices and is compatible with highly planarized processes. The contact is made from a foundation region having a top surface to an overlying layer separated from the foundation region by a dielectric. The overlying layer may be contacted at an edge rather than on its top surface in order to reduce the lateral expanse of the contact.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for detecting defects in the surface of a metal material relying upon the potential drop method. Namely, a method of precisely determining the shape of crack from a distribution of potential differences in the vicinity of crack by arranging power supplying electrodes and measuring electrodes on the surface of the metal material in the form of a matrix, and switching the electrodes that supply electric current and the electrodes that measure potential differences to measure distributions of potential differences in many directions, and an apparatus for detecting surface defects relying upon the potential drop method. In the apparatus for detecting surface defects, the arrangement of power supplying electrodes and supply currents are optimized to precisely detect the shape of crack in the surface.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a thermal balance of a rotor. When obtaining a difference in shaft-vibration component of the rotor between an actual load condition and a no load condition, on the basis of detection results at a simulated load, a difference in shaft-vibration component of the rotating rotor between a no-load condition and a condition in which the rotor is heated from the outside and a difference in shaft-vibration component of the rotating rotor between a no-load condition and a condition in which the rotor is heated from the inside are detected at the simulated load. The detected differences in shaft-vibration component are converted respectively to differences in shaft-vibration component under a temperature condition at the actual load. Both the converted differences in shaft-vibration component are added to each other in a vector manner to obtain a difference in rotor shaft-vibration component at the actual load.

Abstract: A hermetically closed circulation type, vapor absorption refrigerator which comprises a high temperature regenerator, a low temperature regenerator a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber and heat exchangers in a hermetically closed circulation system as essential constituent members composed of iron-based materials, where refrigeration is produced by repetitions of concentration of an absorbing solution sealed into the circulation system, dilution with a cooling medium and heat exchange, the inside wall of the high temperature regenerator being provided with a composite film of molybdenum oxides and iron oxide can be operated stably with a high reliability or corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A low pulsation displacement pump has a pair of plungers and motor driven-cams or feed screws for reciprocating the plungers. In order to cause the pump to stably discharge a liquid so that variation in discharge due to machining errors of the plungers or the feed screws is eliminated, the pump discharge pressure is measured at each of a plurality of predetermined operative positions of the plungers before delivery of the pump from a manufacturing plant, and machining errors are obtained in accordance with the thus-measured discharge pressure. Then, the speed correction factor for the motor is calculated for each of the plurality of predetermined positions of the plungers in accordance with the thus-obtained errors to store the results of the calculation in a memory.

Abstract: The permeable drum for the wet or dry treatment of textile material, paper, or other permeable materials of a certain width consists solely of narrow sheet metal strips or narrow webs. The sheet metal strips extend axially parallel, their extension in width being oriented in the radial direction. The webs are oriented in the peripheral direction and form parts of the connecting elements between the sheet metal strips, these connecting elements carrying the screen-type cover. The connecting elements, also serving as spacers, are formed of one piece and connect two neighboring sheet metal strips. Connection of the spacers with the sheet metal strips is achieved by headless screws. The proximate ends of the two screws succeeding each other in the peripheral direction are threaded into a nut which latter, in turn, can be encompassed by a fitting connecting element.

Abstract: A system for announcing operating conditions of a plant includes an identifying unit identifying plant site operating conditions on the basis of information signals indicative of the operating conditions at plate sites at the plant site, a voice message signal generating unit determining plant site operating instruction signals on the basis of the identified plant operating conditions and converting the determined instruction signals into corresponding voice message signals, a voice message signal output unit, and a voice message announcing order selection unit including a memory for temporarily storing the voice message signals, an announcing order determining unit for determining the order of announcement of the stored voice message signals, and an output selecting unit for sequentially applying the stored voice message signals to the message signal output unit in the determined order.

Abstract: An emergency on board power source (28) for jet aircraft having high (22) and low speed (14) spools is disclosed for operation above altitudes where auxiliary power units (14) are operational. A power takeoff (56) is provided from the low speed spool of the jet engine to drive an emergency power unit (28) for supplying electrical and/or hydraulic on board power to the aircraft to maintain control during emergency conditions during which the auxiliary power unit is not operational or is not operational to supply sufficient power to maintain hydraulic or elecrical on board power to uninterruptible electrical and hydraulic power loads.

Abstract: A web handling device through which a web is arranged to pass along a tortuous path extending around a number of rollers includes means for threading the web pneumatically comprising, in association with at least one of the rollers, a guide member having a guide surface which extends around part of the periphery of the roller in a spaced relationship so as to define a passage for the web, means for directing the web approximately tangentially towards the guide surface, and an air mover mounted on or adjacent to the upstream end of the guide surface, and arranged to pass a moving film of air along the guide surface while the web is being threaded through the apparatus, so as to entrain the web and convey it around the roller.

Abstract: A screw compressor in which a pair of screw rotors supported by bearings and accommodated in a casing act to compress a gas and in which a slide valve disposed between an inner wall of the casing and the pair of screw rotors is capable of moving axially while maintaining a small gap between itself and the outer peripheries of the screw rotors, the rate of gas flow bypassed to an inlet port during compression being regulated by axially moving the slide valve.

Abstract: There are provided a first ignition timing table for high-octane fuel and a second ignition timing table for low-octane fuel. When the second table is switched over to the first table, there is at first the difference in between basic ignition timings according to the first and second tables, and then the difference is reduced with time at a constant rate. An actual ignition timing during the switchover of an ignition timing table is determined by subtracting the reducing difference from the basic ignition timing according to the first table. The actual ignition timing when knocking is detected is compared with a predetermined threshold. If the former exceeds the latter, the second table is switched over to the first table, and otherwise the second table is maintained, whereby the actual ignition timing can be changed smoothly even during the switchover of an ignition timing table.

Abstract: A fuel assembly according to the present invention is formed in such a manner that the small diameter portion of an upper end plug of a fuel rod is inserted into a boss of an upper tie-plate. The upper end plug includes a small diameter portion and a large diameter portion which is disposed below the former. An expansion spring in disposed in the small diameter portion of the upper end plug. A cover member surrounding this expansion spring is disposed in the large diameter portion of the upper end plug, and extends upwardly. Since the cover member surrounds the expansion spring, pressure loss caused by the expansion spring can be reduced.

Abstract: A racket having intersecting strings is disclosed in conjunction with a plurality of orthogonal protrusions made from metallic wires extending through and fixedly positioned at the intersections of the strings for the purpose of enhancing the frictional grip between the racket and the ball during impact. This construction makes it easier to execute "drop shots", "slicing strokes", "top spin" and "under spin" shots. The protrusions allow greater ball control as well as prolonging the life of the strings. The wire protrusions produce a gripping action having better frictional contact between the strings of the racket, such as a tennis racket, and the ball when it is hit. The protrusions can be provided on one as well as both sides of the intersections along the same axial line, such as, by twisting the wires and forming protrusion end surfaces that are substantially parallel to the surface of the plane of the strings with a tooth-like gripping action and improved ball control.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal polymer comprising the recurring units represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## in which k is an integer of from 1 to 30,R.sub.1 is ##STR2## R.sub.2 is --COOR.sub.3, --OCOR.sub.3, --OR.sub.3, or --R.sub.3, in whichR.sub.3 is ##STR3## R.sub.4 is --CH.sub.3 or Cl, m is 0 or an integar of from 1 to 10,n is 0 or an integar of from 1 to 10, providing that n is not 0, when R.sub.4 is --CH.sub.3.The ferroelectric liquid crystal polymer of the present invention not only exhibits a ferroelectricity even at temperatures in the vicinity of a room temperature, but also has so fast response speed to the external factors as to be able to display motion pictures, and may be advantageously used as display elements for large size screens and a curved screens.

Abstract: A priority valve (10) useful in, for example, an aircraft constant speed drive system controls sump oil level and prioritizes oil flow to several critical components during periods of oil supply interruption. The priority valve (10) includes a movable spool (17) which has a reduced portion (19) surrounded by a spring (18) to urge the spool (17) toward a closing position in which oil is supplied directly from an accumulator (80) to a deaerator (20). The spool (17) is caused to move against the bias of the spring (18) by output oil pressure of the deaerator (20) which is input into the valve (10). The member (17) has an axial passageway (101) with branch radial passageways (103, 104, 105, and 106) for selectively prioritizing the flow of oil to critical system components such as a generator rotor (52), a generator stator (53), and a hydraulic case (90) so that whatever oil is available in the system is made available to the most critical system components.

Abstract: A method of MR dynamic imaging comprises the steps of uniformly dividing one scan which is a minimum measurement unit in generating one image data into a plurality of cycles, sequentially extracting one-scan data which are staggered by a predetermined number of cycles, from a series of data derived by repeating the scan a plurality of times in such a manner that the measurement data in each cycle includes high frequency component and low frequency component of the image, and generating image data from the extracted data.

Abstract: Ignition of a separating charge in a cavity between a flash-conducting tube and a casing of a propellant charge igniter extending below a combustible tube is brought about by the propellant gases passing through priming bores from the outside of the propellant charge igniter to be used in a breech of a cannon or like weapon. This requires a seal acting in the manner of a valve being positioned at the flash-conducting tube head and being urged towards the casing. An especially suitable sealing means in a sealing ring located in an annular groove having a cross-section shape similar to a trapezoid. In case, for example, on account of low temperatures, the pressure buildup of the propellant gases occurs more gradually, the separation of the combustible tube from the bottom piece is thereby also automatically initiated at a later point in time. Thereby, flashback in the breech zone of the cannon is avoided and ballistics are improved.

Abstract: In order to fill a container having a check valve with a spontaneously foaming filling material, the latter is introduced through the check valve already mounted at the container. In a piston arrangement as the filling device, filling material to be filled in is sucked into a mixing chamber (65) by means of a metering piston (60), foam gas is injected through the piston rod (58) of this piston, filling material and gas are mixed by means of a mixing piston (56), then forced by means of the metering piston (60) through the check valve into the container. This prevents frothing of the filling material, intermixed with foam gas, at any point in time between mixing and filling. During mixing, slight foaming is desirable in order to increase the absorption capacity for the foam gas.

Abstract: The reactor core is divided into a central region and a surrounding outer region in the radial direction. First fresh fuel unirradiated assemblies newly loaded onto the outer region contain a fissible material in amounts less than that of the fissible material of second fresh unirradiated fuel assemblies newly loaded onto the central region. If the amount of the fissible material in the upper region of the first fuel assembly is denoted by a, the amount of the fissible material in the lower region of the first fuel assembly by b, the amount of the fissible material in the upper region of the second fuel assembly by c, and the amount of the fissible material in the lower region of the second fuel assembly by d, then a relationship a/b<c/d is satisfied. The reactor core provides sufficient thermal margin and improved cold shutdown margin.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ion beam processing apparatus comprising within a vacuum container a specimen chamber with a table for mounting a specimen provided therein, a high intensity ion source, such as a liquid metal ion source or an electric field ionizing ion source which operates in ultra-low temperature, confronting the specimen chamber, an extraction electrode for extracting an ion beam out of the ion source, a charged-particle optical system for focusing the ion beam to a spot, and an aperture for adjusting the spot diameter.