Abstract: Alternate layers of wide band gap and narrow band gaps of different kinds of semiconductors are used to form multiple channels of a FET. The channels are doped or formed as 2-DEG/2-DHG in narrow band semiconductor by charge supply layer in the wide band gap semiconductor. The different kinds of semiconductors form heterojunctions to confine the electrons/holes in separate thin spikes layers. A number of spikes (3–10 nm thick) of different doped or 2-DEG/2-DHG concentrations in various channels can result in overall electron concentration gradient such as a 1/x3 electron/hole concentrations profile. Such an electron/hole concentration gradient can result in a linear variation of drain current with voltage to obtain a wide dynamic range.

Abstract: This invention describes an approach for monolithically integrating all the components of a photoreceiver—optical amplifier, optical band-pass filter, and photodiode module—on a single chip. The photoreceiver array employs unique optical amplifier and conversion technologies that provides the ultra-sensitivity required for free space optical communications networks. As an example, by monolithically integrating a vertical cavity surface emitting laser-diode (VCSEL) optical preamplifier with a photodiode receiver and related amplifiers and filters on the same chip, sensitivities as low as ?47 dBm (62 photons/bit at 2.5 Gb/s), along with an order of magnitude reduction in size, weight, and power consumption over comparable commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components can be demonstrated.

Abstract: A non-contacting sensor based on inductive coupling for detecting failure initiation, and crack propagation in composite materials is disclosed. A very low cost crack sensing transducer or test pattern that can be imbedded into a structural material, interrogated, and powered wirelessly is described. A detection method for interrogating the crack sensor utilizing RF inductive coupling is disclosed. The proposed sensor consists of minimal components resulting in maximum reliability.

Abstract: When both the sourcing command and the sinking command to the phase comparator are high, the charge pump phase detector creates a high impedance output dead period, which is undesirable. The dead zone can be minimized by resetting the phase comparator when both sourcing command and sinking command are high. Accurate timing of the reset signal is crucial to good PLL phase noise performance and also to the elimination of the dead zone problem. In our invention, accurate reset timing is achieved by including the charge pump delay time caused by the input gate capacitance of the output complementary MOSFETs in the reset signal path.

Abstract: A filter element of an air filter includes a main body and a substrate. The far infrared emission powder substances are embedded at certain grain sized and at certain ratio to the substrate, thereby forming the main body that is adapted in form to various internal combustion engines. The resonance effect will be created by means of the far infrared emission substances in the filter element of the air filter, thereby making tiny the molecular cluster of water in the moisture-containing air entering into the internal combustion engine for combustion, increasing the molecular freedom, enlarging the contact surface of the oil gas with the air. Therefore, it's easier that the oxygen-containing particles and the oil gas are evenly mixed for reaching an optimal mixture ratio of the original design standard.

Abstract: The electrodes of a light emitting diode (LED) is coupled to the terminals of a package with solderless pressure contacts. Each package is housed in a module with a bed on which the bottom electrode of the LED rests, and a pressure plate which is coupled to the top electrode of the LED. The pressure plate slides along four vertical posts to exert pressure to an LED package against a bed to form solderless pressure contacts. A plurality of LED packages can be lined up in a row to form a light strip, with the top pressure plate extended to form the bed of an adjacent module. A plurality of LED packages can also be arranged a matrix array display panel, where a plurality of lower terminals rests on one row of common bed of a number of parallel horizontal common beds, and where a plurality of upper terminals are pressed under a column of parallel vertical common pressure plates, so that any individual LED at the cross-point of a common bed and a common pressure can be randomly accessed.

Abstract: A three-dimensional surface shape is produced from input numerical data. The shape of a sheet elastic material is determined by the positions of a matrix of control rods. The position of each of the rods is determined by a computer-controlled system. Each rod is fitted with two pneumatically controlled locking mechanisms, one for the X coordinate and one for the Y coordinate. When both locks on a particular rod are released the rod is free to move to a new position determined by an elevator. Once all of the rods have been adjusted they are locked in position and the surface has been configured. In one application, the surface can be used as a mold for casting a replica or in another application can be used as the screen in an image projection system.

Abstract: A socket for testing integrated circuit has opposite cantilever probing pads hinged at the far ends of the cantilevers to a circuit board. The leads of the IC are pressed over the free nearer ends of the cantilevers. Cushions are inserted under the two free nearer ends of the cantilevers to absorb in the pressure of the IC leads. For in-line lead IC packages, a common cushion can be used for each line of leads. Metallic pedestals can be mounted on the between the nearer ends of the cantilever and touching the IC under test for heat sinking and common ground. The pedestals can be inserted through the circuit board from a base plate at the bottom of the circuit board.

Abstract: A MOSFET can operate as a resistor by operating in the linear or ohmic region of the drain V-I characteristics. This region can be obtained by floating the gate of the MOSFET, when the dc current and the voltage drop are given. Multiple resistors can be duplicated (or mirrored) by sharing the same source and floating gate. The floating gate voltage can be simulated using a closed loop equivalent circuit. Alternatively, the gate voltage can also be derived from the given drain-to-source voltage and the given current in a feedback loop. With this adaptive MOSFET resistor, the minimum supply voltage can be as low as the sum of the BJT threshold and the complementary BJT saturation voltage, e.g. VCC?VBE+Vsat (e.g. 0.8+0.15<1.0V). The threshold voltage Vt should be less than VBE.

Abstract: The voltage-oscillator (VCO) in a frequency synthesizer using a phase-locked loop (PLL) is calibrated during power up or channel switching. The VCO has a coarse frequency control and a fine frequency control. The coarse control consists of digital bits that are used for calibration. The coarse control is connected to the charge pump output as in a regular PLL. By searching for the optimal control setting, the center frequency of the VCO is trimmed close to the desired frequency for the PLL to lock. This allows small VCO gain without losing the tolerance of process and temperature variations. As a result, the PLL phase noise performance is improved.

Abstract: Invisible different monochromatic images are inscribed in a diffractive optical element. Each of the images appears when a specific light source is on and image disappears when the specific light is off. The light sources for the different monochromatic images are spaced at different positions with respect to the diffractive optical element. A dynamic image is produced by time-varying and electronically controlling the intensity and on/off of the different light sources.

Abstract: A flat bed image scanner uses a contact image sensor to scan a document. The distance between the contact image sensor and the glass window, over which the document is placed, is minimized and held constant by inserting a lubricating element between the contact image sensor and the glass window. The lubricating element may comprise two pads placed at the two ends of the contact image sensor. The lubricating element can also be integrated structurally with the contact image sensor. The material of the lubricating element can be nylon or some other kinds of plastic. The lubricating element may also comprise two guide rails placed at the two edges of the scan window.

Abstract: This invention discloses novel device structures for fill color flat panel displays utilizing pseudomorphically cladded quantum dot nanocrystals. Different colors are obtained by changing the core size and composition of the quantum dots while maintaining a nearly defect-free lattice at the core-cladding interface. Light emission from the quantum dot core is obtained either by injection or by avalanche electroluminescence. A nanotip emitter device is also presented. These generic devices can be addressed using a variety of conventional display drivers, including active and passive matrix configuration.

Abstract: An array of light emitting diodes (LED) are laid out as a dot matrix array as a display panel. Each LED is accessed by two dimensional addressing from a first set of parallel horizontal interconnections and a second set of orthogonal interconnections. The two sets of orthogonal interconnections are printed on two sides of a substrate. One of the two electrodes of an LED, which mounted on the top of the substrate, is fed through the substrate with a via hole and connected to the orthogonal interconnection at the bottom of the substrate. The size of the display panel is configurable by removing certain rows and/or columns. More than one partitioned blocks can be pieced together by aligning and coupling the corresponding orthogonal interconnections through a motherboard.

Abstract: An integrated circuit chip with ball-grid array solder balls is packaged as a module without being sealed in protective glue. The IC chip is mounted on an insulating substrate with pads to support the solder balls. The pads are connected to a second set of pads along the periphery of the substrate. Leads are pressed against the second set of pads for external connections. A second IC chip may be pressed against the other side of the substrate to increase the external connections.

Abstract: A replaceable friction roller is mounted on the driving shaft of a paper conveying roller. The roller is made replaceable by providing a slit from the surface of the roller to the shaft surface. The roller can be split open along the cur when replacing a new roller. The ends of the shaft of the roller are inserted in at least one open mouth socket. The socket has spring action to hold the shaft in place.

Abstract: A BJT operating as a mixer has its collector biased at the knee of the IC vs VCE characteristic. A local oscillator voltage is applied to the base and an RF signal voltage is applied to the collector through a singled-ended emitter follower. The nonlinear curvature at the knee produces a beat frequency current. The base of the emitter follower can be fed from a current mirror or through an ohmic resistor. This mixer requires less supply voltage, and results in more conversion gain and less feed-through of the RF input signal than the Gilbert multiplier. Alternatively, the RF voltage can be applied to the gate and the local oscillator voltage can be applied to the drain. Sometimes, it is more desirable to invert the collector and the emitter, or to connect a normal transistor and an inverted transistor in parallel to optimize conversion gain.

Abstract: One or more UV light emitting diode (LED) chip is used as the light source of a picture projection system. The UV LED light is converted into red, green and blue light beams by means of red, green and blue fluorescent plates, respectively. The lights emerging from said fluorescent plates is transmitted through one or more programmable liquid crystal plate or reflected by one or more digital micro-mirror device (DMD) to control the light transmission, and then merged together for projection onto a screen. When only one programmable liquid plate or one DMD is used, the different color signals are sequentially projected onto the screen.

Abstract: One or more LED panel is used as a light source of a light projector. The LEDs are mounted on a panel and arranged as a matrix array. The light emitted from the LEDs are reflected by a reflecting cup. The LEDs are connected to two separate metal parts each connected the two electrodes of the LEDs. The spaces between the LEDs are utilized for light passage.

Abstract: The light emitted from a bank of light emitting diodes is converted through a set of lenses into parallel light beams, which, in turn, is focused or diversified as projection light source. Such a light source can replace traditional incandescent bulb. Reflection mirrors can be used to deflect or reflect the light beams. Phosphorescent material can be added in the transmission path to convert blue or ultraviolet short wave light into white light.