Abstract: Method and apparatus for sputtering an element with a magnetron plasma source where a plasma is formed between two generator cathode surfaces of the source and a generator anode disposed adjacent the plasma ejects it toward the element to be sputtered. Various applications are described including selective coating of substrates of different electrical conductivity, substrate cleaning, ion milling, retrieval of expensive or dangerous coating materials, heating with little loss in the heat source, sputtering with reactive ions, sensitization or charge neutralization, and pumping of active gases.

Abstract: A knock control device having a knock detecting means and an ignition timing control means is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. If the knock detecting means detects occurrence of knock when the temperature of the exhaust system is lower than a predetermined value, the ignition timing control means retards the ignition timing by a first angle which is most desirable for suppressing the knock, while if the knocking detecting means detects occurrence of knock when the temperature of the exhaust system is not lower than the predetermined value, then the ignition timing control means retards the ignition timing by a second angle which is smaller than the first angle.

Abstract: A moisture sensor including a thin layer of tantalum oxide applied to a moisture insensitive substrate and at least two electrodes placed on the tantalum oxide layer spaced apart from each other wherein the tantalum oxide layer comprises the oxide of a highly resistive low density tantalum where the tantalum in the layer applied to the substrate has a density of less than 15 g/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: A sampling pulse generator circuit for a stereo demodulator circuit of a sample and hold system is disclosed. The pulse generator circuit uses pilot signals of an FM stereo broadcast as an input and produces output sampling pulses, which are phase-synchronized to the stereo subcarrier but have a 180.degree. phase difference to each other. The pulse generator circuit comprises a phase lock loop circuit having a multiple number of frequency dividers arranged in cascade. Selected outputs of these frequency dividers are logically summed to produce the output sampling pulses with a predetermined and stable pulse width.

Abstract: The heating of submersible hulls, diving suits and other underwater equipment usually involves use of electrical batteries. However, in cold water operations these electrical batteries prove quite inadequate for the task. The invention provides for a self-contained heating system involving the bringing together in a submerged reaction zone of substances capable of reacting together exothermically. Preferably one of the substances is a metal e.g. aluminium in ingot form, and the other substance is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and is fed to the ingots of aluminium. The invention is also apparatus for carrying out the reaction and transferring the heat generated.

Abstract: A magnetron sputtering apparatus for high permeable materials where the target may include first and second elements separated from one another by a gap and the magnetic field source preferably exceeds 1000 gauss adjacent a pole thereof. The source is preferably a solid, oriented crystal ferrite magnet. A number of different configurations are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for correlating first and second signals where sampling values of the signals are multiplied together and discrete values of the correlation function are determined. In one embodiment, the signals are sampled at different sampling frequencies such that one sampling frequency is a multiple of the other sampling frequency. A number of the respective last sampling values of the more fully sampled signal are stored and each sampling value of the more rapidly sampled signal is multiplied simultaneously by all of the stored sampling values of the more slowly sampled signal. The results of the multiplication are separately summed corresponding to equal time displacements between the multiplied sampling values. In a further preferred embodiment, a microcomputer is programmed for sampling the two signals with sampling frequencies having a ratio 1:k. The more slowly sampled signals are stored in an n stage register.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for evaporation arc stabilization including a target having a surface of material to be evaporated; circuitry for establishing an arc on the target surface for evaporating the target material, the arc being characterized by the presence of charged particles and a cathode spot which randomly migrates over the target surface; and a confinement ring contacting and surrounding the target surface, the ring being composed of a material such as boron nitride having (a) a secondary emission ratio less than one at the mean energies of the charged particles of the arc and (b) a surface energy less than that of the evaporated target material to thereby confine the cathode spot to the target surface. Further, the secondary emission ratio of the confinement ring is preferably less than that of the target.

Abstract: A xeroradiographic material comprising a substrate at least one surface of which is electrically conductive, and an X-ray sensitive layer provided on the conductive surface of the substrate and essentially consisting of an organic binder, .gamma.-form crystal grains of a bismuth oxide-based compound oxide and n-type semiconductor grains dispersed in the organic binder. The material is made by dispersing these grains in an organic binder solution, applying the dispersion onto the conductive surface of the substrate, drying the coat of the dispersion at a temperature in a range not lower than the boiling point of the solvent but below the softening point of the organic binder to form an X-ray sensitive layer, and heat-treating the X-ray sensitive layer at a temperature in a range not lower than the softening point of the organic binder but below the temperature at which the organic binder begins decomposing.

Abstract: A method of electrically contacting a recording medium consisting of a support layer, an electrically conductive layer consisting of a binder having electrically conductive particles dispersed therein and a recording layer. A sharp electrode is pressed onto the recording medium with enough force to pierce the recording layer and establish electrical contact with the electrically conductive layer.

Abstract: A videodisc playback system is disclosed which enables repeated reproduction of signals recorded on a videodisc. The system comprises the usual means to mount and rotate the videodisc to be played back and a shifting device that shifts the scanning position of a read-out device in a radial direction of the videodisc. A tracking control device controls the shifting device so that the scanning position of the read-out device is on the track. Further, the system includes fast playback circuitry which causes fast playback of the videodisc by shifting playback tracks N multiple number of times, one track at a time to the next adjacent track, during one revolution of the videodisc. Repeated reproduction of signals is accomplished by circuitry connected to the fast playback circuitry that causes a predetermined number of tracks to be repeatedly played back, the predetermined number being an integral number of N.

Abstract: A precision positioning system wherein a curable, non-fluid, plastic bonding agent is applied between the object to be positioned and the object on which it is to be positioned and the object is positioned before the bonding agent hardens, whereafter it is fixed in position by the hardening of the bonding agent.

Abstract: An imprinter having a roller platen assembly movably mounted on a head member for imprinting data from a printing plate such as a credit card onto a form positioned over the plate. The roller platen assembly has a reciprocally driven carriage means containing at least one removably mounted cartridge containing at least one row of roller platens mounted therein in parallel, spaced apart relationship to each other. A plurality of backup rollers are rotatably mounted within said roller platen assembly, each in contact and vertical alignment with each of the platen rollers when the cartridge means is in position within the carriage means. At least one of the roller platens is in contact with the raised printing elements of the printing plate at all times during each printing cycle of the imprinter to thereby lessen any tendency for smudging of the form to occur.

Abstract: An arrangement for magnetic-inductive flow measurement of an electrically conductive liquid flowing in a conduit includes a magnetic field generator which generates a periodically reversed magnetic field passing through the conduit perpendicularly to the flow direction. In the conduit two electrodes are disposed. The voltage taken from the electrodes is applied to a measuring amplifier. Connected to the output of the measuring amplifier are two sample and hold circuits which are controlled by a control circuit in such a manner that they sample the output voltage of the measuring amplifier for equal induction values of opposite sign of the magnetic field and store the sampling values until the next sampling. A subtraction circuit forms the difference of the stored sampling values.

Abstract: An anode structure attached to free end of an insulated high-tension lead for engagement with a CRT anode button. The anode structure has a radioactive rays shielding portion for shielding radioactive rays emanating from the anode button, an engaging portion for insertion into the anode button and a lead holding portion for holding the insulated high-tension lead.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hand labelling apparatus with the aid of which pressure-sensitive labels adhering to a carrier tape can be imprinted, dispensed and applied to articles. For this purpose the apparatus comprises in the front region of its housing a printing mechanism which is driveable by an operating lever and to which the carrier tape with the pressure-sensitive labels adhering thereto is fed by a feed means likewise driveable by the operating lever. In every operating cycle the printing mechanism imprints one pressure-sensitive label which is then further fed by the feed means with the carrier tape to a peel edge at which the imprinted label detaches from the carrier tape and moves into a dispensing position in which it is ready for application to an article.

Abstract: A method of measuring the bath level in a cool tubular mould utilized in a continuous casting process where a melt of metal to be cast is discharged from a container therefor into the mould via an immersion tube vertically extending into a bore through the mould to thereby establish the bath, there being an annular space between the immersion tube and the wall of the bore, and where the melt is soldified by the cooled mould and continuously withdrawn therefrom as a solidified bar.

Abstract: A base member is disposed in a reaction chamber and a raw material gas is introduced thereinto which contains at least a compound gas of a first magnetic material, or the compound gas of the first magnetic material and an oxidizing or nitriding gas, or the compound gas of the first magnetic material and a compound gas of a second magnetic material. A plasma generating electrical energy is applied to the raw material gas to obtain therein a stream of plasma of the raw material gas, by which a stream of active reaction products is passed over the base member. As a result of this, the first magnetic material, an oxide or nitride of the first magnetic material, or a magnetic material containing the first and second magnetic materials is deposited on the base member, forming thereon a magnetic material layer which consists principally of the first magnetic material, the oxide or nitride of the first magnetic material, or the magnetic material containing the first and second materials.

Abstract: A glass fiber strand winding apparatus having a primary strand winding portion and a preliminary strand winding portion comprises a flanged portion the diameter of which is greater than that of the preliminary winding portion and at least one groove axially provided in the preliminary winding portion and the flanged portion from the inner end of the preliminary winding portion.