Abstract: A method and structure for a metal oxide semiconductor transistor having a substrate, a well region in the substrate, source and drain regions on opposite sides of the well region in the substrate, a gate insulator over the well region of the substrate, a polysilicon gate conductor over the gate insulator, and metallic spacers on sides of the gate conductor.

Abstract: In a dynamic pressure bearing, when a step portion (1a) is formed on the inner peripheral surface (1b) of a sleeve (1) and radial dynamic pressure grooves (3) are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the step portion, the width (L) in the axial direction of the dynamic pressure grooves is set to be slightly smaller than the width (D) in the axial direction of the step portion. The dynamic pressure grooves of the sleeve are formed by electrolytic etching.

Abstract: There is described a method of accurately scanning the C stack. One technique for solving these problems is to indirectly reference objects using handles however the some JVMs have removed handles to gain a performance improvement. The embodiment describes a solution in which 32 bit quantities are known to be object references by means of some side information. This avoids the problem of integer values masquerading as references causing objects to be needlessly retained. It also allows employment of a compacting collector which is allowed to move objects even if they are referenced from the stacks. Currently the compactor is prevented from moving such objects leading to reduced compaction efficiency.

Abstract: The image scanner 101 comprises a manuscript conveying unit 102 having conveying rolls 115, 116 for conveying a manuscript 111 and a first light source 114, and a manuscript reading unit 103 mounted on the manuscript conveying unit 102. The manuscript reading unit 103 detects movement of the manuscript 111 in the sub-scanning direction 118 by a rotation detecting roll 122 driven by the conveying roll 115. When the manuscript 111 is a reflection-type one, only a second light source 124 is switched ON to read the manuscript 111. When the manuscript 111 is a transmission-type one, only the first light source 114 is switched ON to read the manuscript 111. The image scanner 101 does not have a fixed platen. One-dimensional CCD 131 is fixed. The image scanner 101 can therefore be small in size.

Abstract: A power tool includes a hook portion comprising a hook holding portion 20, which is provided in a housing 1 and has engaging teeth 47 provided in a housing 1, and also comprising a hook 2 having shaft portion 30, which is inserted into the hook holding portion 20 and provided with fitting teeth 31 meshing with the engaging teeth 47, an elastic body 27 adapted to push the hook 2 against a handle portion at all times, and a slip-off preventing part holding portion adapted to move the hook 2 in a direction of an axis thereof against a force of the elastic body 2 and to cancel the mesh between the teeth to thereby enable the hook 2 to turn.

Abstract: A method (and system) for generating an output file from a source file where benign modifications to a content of the output file still render the output file authentic, includes constructing an index vector from the source file, quantizing the source file, generating an authentication mark from the quantized source file and the index vector, generating an authentication tag by appending the index vector to the authentication mark, and generating the output file by appending the authentication tag to the source file.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode includes a light-emitting element, a lead assembly for supplying electrical power to the light-emitting element. A reflection mirror is provided in an opposing relation to the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element. A light-transmissible material seals the light-emitting element, a part of the lead assembly, and the reflection mirror. A radiation surface radiates light reflected on the reflection mirror to the outside. The reflection mirror is a metal mirror which is obtained by processing a metal plate to give it a concave shape or which is obtained by mirror-surface-treating the concave surface of the metal mirror formed by the processing of the metal plate. The radiation surface is formed on the light-transmissible material at its surface at the rear of the light-emitting element.

Abstract: The current invention provides a modification procedure that reduces errors in integrated circuits due to via shorts while at the same time avoiding the unnesting of the layout design and thereby permitting verification of the layout design by LVS testing tools. The current invention identifies if potentially shorting vias have electrically redundant paths and, if so, creates cloned cells of the original cell but void of the potentially shorting vias. The cloned cell is electrically comparable to the original cell. In addition, each instantiation of the original cell in the shapes data base is replaced with the cloned cell when electrical redundancy is present. Also, the number of vias removed can be minimized or maximized while, at the same time, all via electrical shorts are removed, depending on the design requirements.

Abstract: Three independent dialing buttons (10, 20 and 30) have rhombic shapes. Independent switching elements (S1)-(S4) are provided on four corners of the rear surface of each dialing button. Dial numbers (1-9 and 0) and symbols (# and *), grouped four each as (1, 2, 3 and 4), (5, 6, 7 and 8) and (9, 0, # and *), are marked on the respective four corners of the front surfaces of the three dialing buttons which are arranged longitudinally on an operation surface (50). By this construction, the visibility and recognizability of numbers, etc. can be improved and, further, dialing of numbers can be accurately made.

Abstract: A lithium battery excellent in initial capacity, high rate discharge performance, low temperature performance and cycle life performance can be provided without the necessity of any special production step. In other words, the present invention lies in a lithium battery having a power-generating element comprising at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator wherein a gel electrolyte comprising at least a polymer and a liquid electrolyte is used in at least a part of the power-generating element, characterized in that the concentration of lithium salt in the liquid electrolyte is from 1.5 to 5 mols per l of the liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel includes a cell formed between substrates and disposed to face each other and severally including alignment films and, liquid crystal molecules held inside the cell, and an electrode for applying a driving electric field in a parallel direction to the liquid crystal molecules. In the liquid crystal panel, the electrode is formed on at least one of the substrates and on a side facing the liquid crystal molecules. An alignment film is formed on the substrate so as to cover the electrode and an alignment film is disposed on the opposite substrate. The alignment films and are severally selected from a horizontal alignment film and a perpendicular alignment film which are different in aligning modes.

Abstract: The mobile telephone includes a detector, a timer and an annunciator. The detector transmits a detection signal when the detector detects that the mobile telephone is in a stand-by mode and is located out of a service area. The timer starts measuring a period of time in response to the detection signal. The annunciator makes at least one of sounds and vibration when a period of time measured by the timer reaches a predetermined first period of time.

Abstract: An optical transmitting circuit is provided with a switching circuit including a first current path and a second current path, supplying constant current from an anode electrode to a cathode electrode of an emitting device through M1 and M4 in a first current path in response to a emission drive signal, supplying the constant current from the cathode electrode to the anode electrode through M2 and M3 in a second current path in response to a non-emission drive signal, and supplying bias for the emitting device from a constant current source. By this means, in the case where the emitting device is in an emission state, the sum of the bias current and the constant current via the first current path passes through the emitting device. On the other hand, in the case where the emitting device is in a non-emission state, the difference between the constant current via the second current path and the bias current passes through the emitting device.

Abstract: The digital phase control circuit of the present invention is provided with: voltage-controlled delay line VCDL1 in which differential buffers G1-G10 having a propagation delay time of 160 ps are concatenated in a plurality of stages; voltage-controlled delay line VCDL2 in which differential buffers H1-H8 having a propagation delay time of 200 ps are concatenated in a plurality of stages; selector S2 that extracts a clock signal from any stage of voltage-controlled delay line VCDL1 and outputs to the first stage of voltage-controlled delay line VCDL2; and selector S3 that extracts and outputs a clock signal from any stage of voltage-controlled delay line VCDL2.

Abstract: A mobile communication system performs a hand-off control process based on channel station data. The mobile communication system is managed by mobile switching centers having base station controllers and base stations under their control. One of the mobile switching centers in a home system and a mobile switching center in another system are connected to each other by an inter-system channel. Each of the base station controllers in the home system has inter-system channel data indicative of whether a mobile switching center as a master station is connected to the mobile switching center in the other system by an inter-system channel or not. When a mobile station moves from the home system into the other system and hand-off to the other system is to be performed, the inter-system channel data possessed by a base station controller which is the master station of the mobile station is searched.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a plurality of first pads to a plurality of fourth pads laid out in a first direction, thereby forming first to fourth pad rows. The first to fourth pad rows are laid out in the named order in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. First to fourth leads are respectively connected between the first to fourth pad rows and a semiconductor chip. A first slanted side inclined to the first direction is formed at each second pad at that corner which lies on that side of the third pad row. A second slanted side inclined to the second direction in such a way as to face the first slanted side is formed at each third pad. Each first lead has a first slanted portion provided between the first slanted side and the second slanted side and extending in a direction oblique to the first direction.

Abstract: The refresh rate of an LCD panel is changed as the brightness of the LCD panel changes. When the brightness of the LCD panel is decreased, the refresh rate is also decreased. In addition, whether the power source of the apparatus is AC or DC is determined based on whether an AC adapter is attached or not. When the DC power source is used, the brightness and refresh rate of the LCD panel is lowered with respect to when the AC power source is used.

Abstract: A method for selecting a line to replace in an inclusive set-associative cache memory system which is based on a least recently used replacement policy but is enhanced to detect and give special treatment to the reloading of a line that has been recently cast out. A line which has been reloaded after having been recently cast out is assigned a special encoding which temporarily gives priority to the line in the cache so that it will not be selected for replacement in the usual least recently used replacement process. This method of line selection for replacement improves system performance by providing better hit rates in the cache hierarchy levels above, by ensuring that heavily used lines in the levels above are not aged out of the levels below due to lack of use.

Abstract: In an LED, when electric power is supplied to a blue light-emitting element through a pair of leads, light is emitted upward from an upper surface of the blue light-emitting element and, at the same time, light is radiated from side and lower surfaces of the blue light-emitting element so that a fluorescent substance is irradiated with the light. The latter light is reflected by a front surface of the fluorescent substance or by a concave reflecting mirror serving as a highly reflective material, so that the reflected light is radiated upward as excitation light (fluorescence) or as irradiation light. Because a radiating surface of a convex lens is formed above the concave reflecting mirror, the excitation light and irradiation light emitted thus are condensed by the convex lens and radiated externally with high external radiation efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for training a computer system to recognize specific actions of a user. This may include displaying an image of a user within a window on a screen. The window includes a target area. This may also include associating a first computer event with a first user action displayed in the target area and storing information in a memory device such that the first user action is associated with the first computer event.