Abstract: A reflector is incorporated in a liquid crystal display panel for directing light to an optical path from a lamp to a liquid crystal panel, and a high voltage line is directly connected to an electrode of the lamp, but a low voltage line is connected through a conductive pattern formed on the reflector to the other electrode of the lamp, wherein the conductive pattern is formed from a layer of conductive filler printed on the reflector through thermosetting so that the conductive pattern is thick enough to withstand thermal stress without enlargement of the liquid crystal display unit.

Abstract: An automated manual transmission has an input shaft having a plurality of driving gears, and an output shaft having a plurality of driven gears engaging with the driving gears, and further has two bypass clutches for coupling the input shaft and the output shaft with each other and releasing them from coupling. Electromagnetic valves are provided in hydraulic oil paths for guiding hydraulic pressure from a hydraulic pressure supply portion to the bypass clutches respectively. A bypass oil path for bypassing the hydraulic oil paths is provided with a bypass oil path on-off valve for opening the bypass oil path when the electromagnetic valves cannot be operated due to a failure of an electric system. A bypass oil path change-over valve is provided for changing over to supply hydraulic pressure from the bypass oil path on-off valve to one of the bypass clutches.

Abstract: In a data multiplexing apparatus, a single external memory stores different kinds of transfer data. A header cache memory stores the system header and the header data, and a plurality of data cache memories stores the transfer data. The cache memories are connected via an internal bus to the external memory. A data input circuit sequentially fetches the transfer data from the external memory on a time division basis, so that the transfer data is stored in one of the data cache memories. Also, a system clock signal generation circuit constantly generates a system clock signal indicating the current time. A selector circuit sequentially selects the cache memories and generates a system stream formed by the system header, the header data and the transfer data. In this case, the selector circuit further selects the system clock generation circuit to input the system clock signal to a predetermined position of the system header.

Abstract: A backlight apparatus (and light guide and liquid crystal display apparatus incorporating the same) includes a wedge-type light guide having a refractive index n1, and having a top surface, a bottom surface and a side surface, a light source for directing light to the side surface of the wedge-type light guide, a first light transmission layer having a refractive index n2, which is smaller than said refractive index n1, and having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the top surface of the first light transmission layer is attached to the bottom surface of the wedge-type light guide, and a light deflecting layer having a top surface attached to the bottom surface of the first light transmission layer for deflecting the incident light from the first light transmission layer toward the top surface of the wedge-type light guide.

Abstract: To provide a more flexible and higher level visualization technique for combining a plurality of analysis methods and visual representations, a view composition system, for combining a plurality of visual representations, includes a view manager for managing as a view a set of data for individual visual representation, a view retriever for retrieving from a plurality of views those views that can be combined, and a view composer for combining the views obtained by the view retriever. Optionally, a view displayer, displays the view produced by the view composer. The view composition system can combine a plurality of views using the superimposition of views and neighboring dimensions that have compatible domains.

Abstract: A tape carrier type semiconductor device includes a flexible substrate, on which a driver circuit is mounted and on whose surface wiring is formed. Formed in the flexible substrate are the first slit for releasing external stress and the second slit for folding the tape carrier type semiconductor device. A connector for connecting both sides of the first slit is prepared at the center of the slit, whereby the unnecessary warp of the tape carrier type semiconductor device can be reduced.

Abstract: An optical amplifying and relaying system capable of easily and highly accurately monitor troubles in optical amplifiers provided in an up and a down optical fiber transmission line opposing each other is disclosed. Monitoring light signal folding-back lines including variable optical attenuators 4a and 4b and wavelength selective reflecting means 5a and 5b, respectively, are provided between optical transmission lines L1 and L2, which oppose each other and on which optical amplifiers 4a and 4b are disposed each other.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus to link and/or pattern self-assembled first objects to a second object. Each of the first object (e.g., a nanoparticle) can be embedded in a mobile binder (i.e., a stabilizer). The invention applies energy to the first object and stabilizer, links this first object to the second object, and provides a controlled linkage of the first object with respect to the second object. Applying this procedure to many such objects results in a larger a real arrangement of these linked objects. An appropriate solvent may be used to remove non-linked objects, yielding a patterned array. Thermal annealing can be applied to control the physical and chemical properties of the array.

Abstract: In an antenna device 10 including a line-shaped or belt-shaped first conductor 11 having an electrically half length of a wave-length of a first resonant frequency, a feed point 12 to which an end of the first conductor is connected, a plate-shaped second conductor 13 on which the feed point is located and on which another end of the first conductor is grounded, an impedance element 14 is loaded halfway on the first conductor and which varies the first resonant frequency, a second resonant frequency, or both the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency. Accordingly, a compact antenna device 10 can therefore be constituted so that an impedance matching between the first conductor 11 and the feed point 12 may be readily obtained. In addition, the antenna device 10 can be commonly used with respect to a multi-frequency operation.

Abstract: A structure and method of forming a fully planarized polymer thin-film transistor by using a first planar carrier to process a first portion of the device including gate, source, drain and body elements. Preferably, the thin-film transistor is made with all organic materials. The gate dielectric can be a high-k polymer to boost the device performance. Then, the partially-finished device structures are flipped upside-down and transferred to a second planar carrier. A layer of wax or photo-sensitive organic material is then applied, and can be used as the temporary glue. The device, including its body area, is then defined by an etching process. Contacts to the devices are formed by conductive material deposition and chemical-mechanical polish.

Abstract: A III group nitride system compound semiconductor light emitting element has a quantum well structure that includes a well layer of AlX1GaY1In1-X1-Y1N, where 0<X1, 0?Y1 and X1+Y1<1 and a barrier layer of AlX2GaY2In1-X2-Y2N, where 0<X2, 0?Y2 and X2+Y2<1. The Al composition (X2) of barrier layer is equal to or smaller than that (X1) of well layer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an electronic chip on a wafer in which a first mask at a predetermined lower resolution is developed on the wafer and then etched under a first set of conditions for a predetermined period to achieve a mask that is below the resolution limit of current lithography. The etched mask is then used as a hard mask for etching material on a lower layer.

Abstract: A device is provided for measuring heat flux from a test material exposed to a flame. The device includes of an elongate element defining a passageway for a fluid, a fluid flowing through the passageway, a mechanism for measuring the rate of water flow through the passageway, and a plurality of temperature-sensing elements positioned along the passageway and within the elongate element. The temperature-sensing elements are spaced from one another longitudinally with respect to the passageway.

Abstract: A nozzle which ejects cleaning solution is disposed above the wafer to be cleaned. The position of the nozzle is such that the cleaning solution ejected from the nozzle drops onto a point on the wafer which is 1 cm or more on this side of the center of rotation. An angle which the direction of ejection of the cleaning solution makes with the wafer surface is set preferably at 5° to 45°.

Abstract: A method (and structure) for an electronic chip having at least one layer of material for which a carrier mobility of a first carrier type is higher in a first crystal surface than in a second crystal surface and for which a carrier mobility of a second carrier type is higher in the second crystal surface than the first crystal surface includes a first device having at least one component fabricated on the first crystal surface of the material, wherein an activity of the component of the first device involves primarily the first carrier type, and a second device having at least one component fabricated on the second crystal surface of the material, wherein an activity of the component of the second device involves primarily the second carrier type.

Abstract: There is provided a method of fabricating a thin-film semiconductor device, including the steps of (a) melting and recrystallizing at least a surface of a thin semiconductor film formed on a substrate, in a pressure lower than an atmospheric pressure or in inert gas atmosphere, (b) keeping the substrate in atmosphere including oxygen gas, and (c) forming an insulating film on the thin semiconductor film with the substrate being kept in a pressure lower than an atmospheric pressure or inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A buffer layer of aluminum nitride (AlN) about 25 nm thick is provided on a sapphire substrate. An n+ layer of a high carrier density, which is about 4.0 ?m thick and which is made of GaN doped with silicon (Si), is formed on the buffer layer. An intermediate layer of non-doped InxGa1?xN (0<x<1) about 3000 ? thick is formed on the high carrier density n+ layer. Then, an n-type clad layer of GaN about 250 ? thick is laminated on the intermediate layer. Further, three well layers of Ga0.8In0.2N about 30 ? thick each and two barrier layers of GaN about 70 ? thick each are laminated alternately on the n-type clad layer to thereby form a light-emitting layer of a structure with two multilayer quantum well (MQW) cycles.

Abstract: In a hologram recording method for forming a plurality of areas of a refractive index light interference pattern of a coherent signal light beam in accordance with information data within a recording medium having a shape of parallel flat plates, the signal light beam and the recording reference light beam cross each other within the recording medium, and a gate light beam having a second wavelength for revealing recording sensitivity of the recording medium is simultaneously irradiated to the recording medium so as to pass through a portion of the recording reference light beam and demarcate a volume smaller than that of this crossing portion.

Abstract: In a tapered roller bearing having an outer ring whose outside diameter is D, an inner ring whose inside diameter is d, and a plurality of tapered rollers whose pitch circle diameter is dm, a setting is provided such that a PCD parameter expressed by 2 dm/(D+d) is a value which falls within the range of 0.96 to 0.985.

Abstract: An active-matrix addressing LCD device using lateral electric field realizes a higher transmittance and a higher fabrication yield and improves the aperture ratio without raising the fabrication cost. A first one of the common electrode lines, a first one of the pixel potential layers, and an intervening dielectric layer constitute a first storage capacitor for each of the pixels and at the same time, a second one of the common electrode lines, a second one of the pixel potential layers, and the intervening dielectric layer constitute a second storage capacitor for the same pixel. The first and second pixel potential layers are electrically connected to each other by way of a corresponding transparent pixel electrode. Therefore, the rotation of the liquid crystal molecules caused by applied electric field makes full contribution to the panel transmittance, preventing the obtainable total panel transmittance from lowering. This means that a higher transmittance is obtainable.