Abstract: Transmission units such as packets of coded data are received in a transmission layer, converted to coding units, supplied to a coding layer, and decoded in the coding layer. Errors in arriving transmission units are detected in the transmission layer. The results of error detection in the transmission layer are used when the coding units are decoded in the coding layer, preferably by having the transmission layer provide the coding layer with error information explicitly indicating which of the coding units are free of errors and which are not.

Abstract: A watch has a switch mechanism 10 supported by a base 11 and a lid 13 that houses a generally conventional electric watch arrangement (not shown). The mechanism includes a semi-circular disc shaped finger tip engagable pusher 16 that can be rotated in either direction from a mean position, and also pushed radially inwards. Such movement of the pusher 16 produces radial movements of biassed plungers 23, 26 and 30 that are urged through respective apertures 24, 27 and 31 in a wall 12 of the base 11. As a result respective electrical circuits of the watch arrangement are closed to change watch functions. The mechanism 10 serves the same purpose as push buttons conventionally used in the prior art but is much easier for the user, especially if the watch is being worn on a wrist when watch functions need to be changed.

Abstract: A service quality management system which is capable of adaptively controlling a quality of a service provided by a distributed object is provided. The system is provided with a first storage for saving information about a relation between a server for the distributed object and a priority set to services to be provided by the server and a second storage for saving information about a relation between an identifier for communication path under the control of a node and a priority set for processing made on the node. At the time of a request for activation of the server, the priority set to services provided by the server is read out by using priority reading from the first storage and the information about the identifier for communication path corresponding to processing with the same priority as that read from the priority reading device is read out by using an identifier reading device from the second storage.

Abstract: A print head includes a driving circuit having a cascaded series of driver integrated circuits mounted on a printed wiring board. Differential clock signals are supplied to the driver integrated circuits to synchronize the transfer of print data through the cascaded series. Even-numbered driver integrated circuits and odd-numbered driver integrated circuits are connected differently to the clock signal lines, but the even-numbered (or odd-numbered) driver integrated circuits generate an inverted internal clock signal, thereby compensating for the difference. This enables the clock signal lines to be mutually adjacent and to have a weaving layout that yields improved noise immunity.

Abstract: An ASK modulator which modulates an input signal in accordance with a logic level of the input signal, changes the amplitude of the input signal, and generates an amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulated signal is provided. This ASK modulator has an oscillating means for generating a carrier signal, a frequency filter means which passes a prescribed frequency component of the input signal and outputs a frequency limited signal having the prescribed frequency component, and a modulator which modulates the input signal based on the level of the carrier signal and on the level of the frequency limited signal and outputs the ASK modulated signal having a limited frequency component.

Abstract: A packet transmitting method of processing a packet having a control information area and a user information area by a functional block in a node and, thereafter, transmitting the packet from the node. Whether information of the user information area is useless for the user or not is discriminated on the basis of information of the control information area or the user information area. The packet judged to be useless is converted into a predetermined format in which the number of alternating times of a bit pattern has been reduced and the packet is allowed to pass through the functional block. The bit pattern of the packet is returned to a state before the conversion at least before the packet is transmitted from the node.

Abstract: A vehicle has a power extraction mechanism 8, 9, 10a, 10b, 10c, which transmits the rotation of the power transmission mechanism to the auxiliary machines 20, 21, a solenoid clutch 11, which enables or disables the transmission of rotation to the auxiliary machines by the power extraction mechanism, and a determination device 30, 31, 32, which determines whether a control system of the motor 22 for auxiliary machines is operating abnormally or normally. The solenoid clutch 11 is maintained in a disengaged state when the control system of the motor 22 for the auxiliary machines is operating normally. In contrast, when an abnormality is detected in the control system, the auxiliary machines are driven by the rotational force of the power transmission mechanism because the solenoid clutch 11 is engaged at that time. In this manner, it is possible to maintain normal operation of the vehicle by driving the auxiliary machines even when there is an abnormality in the control system.

Abstract: A system for updating a flash memory of a peripheral device including a host sending an update content. The host sends an update content. The peripheral device contains a peripheral interface controller and a flash memory. The peripheral interface controller couples to the host, and the flash memory couples to the peripheral interface controller. When the peripheral interface controller detects a signal for updating the flash memory from the host, the peripheral interface controller updates the flash memory according to the update content.

Abstract: A remote electro-aeroplane is mainly characterized in that the turn rudder surface is jointed to the tail stabilizer by a plastic film on their upper faces with a separation of the elastic foaming material from the plastic film on their lower faces at their joint, wherein two flexible cables or nylon wires are connected to the left and the right racks arranged on the left and the right turn rudder surfaces with their one end respectively and to the servo means within the remote receiving device with their another end, and the restoration mechanisms are provided beneath the left and the right turn rudder surfaces respectively. Based on this structure, the aeroplane has the advantages of easy control with smooth fly in case of making a turn, and is particularly suitable for the primary player.

Abstract: A semiconductor device in which an integrated circuit is formed includes a resistance-measurement area with conductive members disposed in at least two different layers, and an electrode pattern. The electrode pattern includes contact plugs that, depending on their alignment, make electrical contact with different conductive members. Contact alignment error is measured by measuring the electrical resistance between a pair of electrodes in the electrode pattern.

Abstract: A semiconductor device which has trenches for raising the reliability thereof and a method for manufacturing such device. An electrode pad, and a protective film and an interlayer film which comprise an opening on top of this electrode pad, are formed on a substrate. A rewiring pattern which is in contact with the electrode pad at this opening is formed on top of the interlayer film. In addition, a trench is formed, by means of etching, in the region on this interlayer film where said rewiring pattern is not formed. A bump is formed on top of said rewiring pattern. The rewiring pattern and the trench are covered by means of a sealing film. The sealing film exposes the upper end of the bump. An external terminal is formed on the upper end of this bump. The trenches make the contact area between the covering film and the sealing film larger and therefore increase the adhesion between the covering film and the sealing film.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a cooling pillow which is easy to prepare, whose cooling capability lasts for a long time, which does not require a time-consuming operation such as changing the water, and which is effective in a hard-to-sleep summer night or when one has a fever from a cold; a cooling garment which has a reduced power consumption, allows one to avoid heat with a simple structure, and allows one to be comfortable even in a high temperature environment; and a cooling helmet capable of eliminating the discomfort caused by heat, preventing exhaustion of stamina, lowering of concentration, and lowering of work efficiency, and increasing the safety during work, etc. The above-described cooling pillow, the-cooling garment and the cooling helmet are all based on a principle that by allowing air to flow in close contact with a fibrous material which is in the vicinity of the body and contains a sufficient amount of water to promote vaporization of water so that the head, the trunk, etc.

Abstract: A planar antenna apparatus is disclosed, which includes a monopole antenna with slits. During design, a number of slits are formed on the monopole antenna. The slits are arranged so that a path through the monopole antenna is formed, and the path has sharp turns in alternating directions. In this way, the path of the excited surface current of the monopole antenna is extended, leading to the monopole antenna operating at a lower frequency. Thus, the size of the monopole antenna is reduced as compared with the size of the conventional monopole antenna operating at the same frequency. In addition, the structure of the planar antenna apparatus can be employed for the purpose of polarization diversity. For implementation, two monopole antennas in the above structure are mounted perpendicularly. In this way, the excited surface currents of the respective antennas flow along different directions perpendicular to one another.