Abstract: An apparatus for separating impurities from a liquid by a non-dispersive contacting of a liquid—liquid reactive systems, the liquids being immiscible with each other, having a cylindrical column separated into a first stage and a second stage, a plurality of modules of packed metallic fibers mounted in the first stage of the column on a support, a first distributor provided in the first stage of the column for distributing a first liquid located above the support such that the first liquid completely wets the fibers by capillary action and forms a film thereon, a second distributor fitted at a bottom portion of the second stage for distributing a second liquid containing impurities on to the metallic fibers, wherein the second liquid flows concurrently with said first liquid so that the impurities present in the second liquid react with the first liquid and dissolve therein and a separator connected to a bottom of said column separates the first liquid and purified second liquid.

Abstract: A process for controlling the transmission of a cycle having one or more gear sprockets is provided. The gear sprockets include one or more angular positions in which shifting of the gears is facilitated. A sensor is provided to detect the one or more angular positions of the gear sprocket in which gear shifting is facilitated. The sensor is selectively activated according to a command request to initiate a shift.

Abstract: Data transmission is optimized in a wireless digital communication system including a base station and a plurality of user equipment mobile terminals (UEs). Adaptive modulation and coding (AM&C) is employed to achieve improved radio resource utilization and provide optimum data rates for user services. Blocks of downlink (DL) data are received by the base station which requests downlink DL channel quality measurements only from those UEs with pending downlink transmissions. The UEs respond to the request by measuring and reporting DL channel quality to the base station, which then allocates resources such that the UEs will make best use of radio resources. The base station notifies the UEs of the physical channel allocation indicating the modulation/coding rate and allocated slots followed by transmission of blocks of downlink data which are transmitted to the UEs.

Abstract: A varactor based phase shifter that increases phase shift range using an impedance transformer to impart a low characteristic impedance between an input port and a reference node port. The characteristic impedance across the port is therefore less than the characteristic impedance would be otherwise, and the phase shift range is increased. In one embodiment, a simple reflection phase modifier can be used in a phased array using space feed parasitic antenna elements. This type of analog varactor reflection phase modifier can provide fine phase resolution, and the array can thus be used for low-loss adaptive beam forming.

Abstract: A mobile wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), components and methods therefor provide continuous communications capability while switching from a wireless connection with a first type of wireless system to a wireless connection with a second type of wireless system. Preferably, the WTRU is configured to switch wireless links from a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to a wireless local area network (WLAN) or vice versa during a continuous communication session. The invention is preferably implemented by providing an Application Broker for control signaling and a Communications broker for user data flow which may be embodied in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing data blocks during soft handover. The apparatus may be a wireless communication system including at least two enhanced uplink soft handover (EU-SHO) Node-Bs and a radio network controller (RNC). Each Node-B decodes a received data block and forwards the decoded data block to the RNC. If the RNC receives at least one copy of a successfully decoded data block, the RNC uses a re-ordering function entity to process the copy of the successfully decoded data block to support in-sequence delivery to higher protocol layers. If the RNC receives more than one copy of a successfully decoded data block, the RNC discards the extra successfully decoded data block copies. The RNC is either a serving-RNC (S-RNC) or a controlling-RNC (C-RNC). Each Node-B includes a medium access control (MAC) entity that handles enhanced uplink dedicated channel (EU-DCH) functionalities.

Abstract: A digital timing synchronizer of a receiver is provided for timing synchronization to a transmitter in a wireless communication system, wherein the received signal has a timing error with respect to a reference code. A channel estimator estimates an initial code phase of the received signal. A code generator generates a timing reference code that is adjustable by integer increments. An interpolation feedback circuit is configured for interpolation and correction of the timing error, whereby the interpolation is achieved through an integer code shift, plus a quantized fractional adjustment selected from a look-up table of quantized fractional adjustment values and their associated predetermined interpolator coefficients, from which a time corrected version of the received signal is produced.

Abstract: Ceramic electronic components having improved peel resistance and a method of manufacturing them are disclosed. The components have laminated bodies that include internal electrodes which join or bond the layer to the external conductor and prevent the external conductor from peeling.

Abstract: A valve train for an internal combustion engine is provided, with the valve train having a switchable rocker arm assembly (1) with a plurality of rocker arms (6, 7, 8) for activating at least one gas exchange valve (2), and also having at least one camshaft (3) with differently contoured cams (4, 5) through which different adjusting displacements can be imparted to individual rocker arms of the rocker arm assembly (1). The assembly further includes a switching device (9) for selectively activating the rocker arms for driving the gas exchange valve (2) with a varying valve lift.

Abstract: A hermetian of a system response matrix is to be determined. Spreading codes, channel specific multipliers and channel impulse responses are provided. The channel code specific multipliers have real and imaginary values. Channel codes being a combination of a real spreading code, a complex scrambling code and a sign of the channel code specific multiplier. Real and imaginary components of an approximate hermetian of the system response matrix are determined. The channel code specific multipliers are applied to the real and imaginary components of a result of the convolutions to derive the hermetian of the system response matrix.

Abstract: A non-woven mesh guard which can be inserted into a downspout opening in a rain gutter in order to prevent debris from entering the downspout is provided. The non-woven mesh includes a large free area to allow for the flow of water therethrough while preventing debris from entering the downspout. Anchor pins are installed in the guard to prevent it from being forced too far down into the downspout opening. Alternatively, the non-woven material may be formed such that it includes an enlarged top portion which rests in the base of the gutter over the downspout opening while a reduced size portion is inserted into the downspout.

Abstract: A directive antenna operable in multiple frequency bands includes an active antenna element and at least one passive antenna element parasitically coupled to the active antenna element. The passive antenna element(s) have length and spacing substantially optimized to operate at (i) a fundamental frequency associated with the active antenna element and (ii) a higher resonant frequency related to the fundamental frequency. Spatial-harmonic current-distributions of the passive antenna elements are used to create the multiple frequency bands of operation. The directive antenna also includes devices operatively coupled to the passive antenna element(s) to steer an antenna beam formed by applying a signal at the fundamental resonant frequency, higher resonant frequency, or both to the active antenna element to operate in the multiple frequency bands.

Abstract: A method and wireless communication system for providing channel assignment information used to support an uplink (UL) channel and a downlink (DL) channel. The system includes at least one Node-B and at least one wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The WTRU communicates with the Node-B via a common control channel, the UL channel and the DL channel. The WTRU receives a message from the Node-B via the common control channel. The message includes an indication of whether the message is intended for assigning radio resources to the UL channel or the DL channel. The WTRU determines whether the message is intended for the WTRU and, if so, the WTRU determines whether the message is for assigning radio resources to the UL channel or the DL channel. The WTRU takes an appropriate action based on whether the message is for assigning radio resources to the UL channel or the DL channel.

Abstract: An electronic control system for cycles, for use with a set of sensors, a set of actuators, and a set of control members associated to a cycle. The system having a first processor unit for processing and displaying information; a second processor unit for communication and for interfacing with said set of control members; and a third processor unit for interfacing with said set of sensors and said set of actuators. The first processor unit, the second processor unit, and the third processor unit are connected together via asynchronous bi-directional communication channels.

Abstract: An apparatus for injecting plasma in the atmosphere is provided, including a plurality of dielectric panels (13a, 13b, 13c), and 13d, which are disposed in parallel at predetermined intervals, a gas supply portion (14), to which the dielectric panels (13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d) are fixed and which supplies a gas to spaces between the dielectric panels (13a and 13b), between the dielectric panels (13b and 13c), and between the dielectric panels (13c and 13d), power electrodes (15a, 15b, and 15c), which are linearly installed near the gas supply portion (14) and between the dielectric panels (13a and 13b, between the dielectric panels 13b and 13c, and between the dielectric panels 13c and 13d), respectively, ground electrodes (16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d), which are formed in the ends of the dielectric panels (13a, 13b, 13c, and 13d), respectively, and a high frequency generator (17), which applies high frequency power to the power electrodes (15a, 15b, and 15c) and the ground electrodes (16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d).

Abstract: A method and system for managing association and disassociation of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to an access point (AP) in a wireless communication system is disclosed. Once the AP detects that a WTRU is in an inactive state for a predetermined period of time, the AP transmits an association confirmation request message to the WTRU. If the AP receives an acknowledgement (ACK) responsive to the association confirmation request message, the AP maintains the association with the WTRU. If the AP fails to receive an ACK, the AP disassociates the WTRU.

Abstract: A method and system for generating a channel quality indication (CQI) for a communication channel established between a transmitter and a receiver. A signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) estimate of the communication channel is calculated and a correction term is generated based on a data packet transmitted by the transmitter. A corrected SIR is generated by combining the SIR estimate and the first correction term. The corrected SIR is mapped to a CQI value. The CQI value is sent to the transmitter in order to adjust the configuration of the next data packet transmitted by the transmitter. The first correction term may be generated by subtracting a target packet error rate (PER) from a filtered binary signal derived from negative-acknowledgement (NACK) signals and acknowledgement (ACK) signals which respectfully indicate whether or not errors exist in data packets transmitted by the transmitter.

Abstract: A system and method for automatic gain control for a wireless transmit and receive unit in a time-slotted communications system includes initializing an automatic gain control loop, sampling a received signal, and estimating the power of the received signal. The estimated power of the received signal is compared with a reference power level and an error signal is generated based upon the difference between the estimated power and the reference power level. The error signals generated by a plurality of received signals are accumulated in an accumulator, and the value of the accumulator is looked up in a table to locate a control word for an attenuator. The control word is then passed to the attenuator to adjust the gain.