Abstract: A shutter/filter unit as an optical apparatus includes a shutter actuator, a filter actuator, a shutter drive ring, two shutter blades, and one ND filter, which are connected to a driving source body in series. The shutter blades are rotationally driven via the shutter drive ring so as to open and shut by the shutter actuator, and the ND filter is back and forth and rotationally driven by the filter actuator directly. The shutter blades and the ND filter are coaxially supported to a blade-support pin, and are rotationally driven independently. According to this apparatus, a conventional optical apparatus having a light-exclusion member and a light-attenuating member housed therein is further miniaturized so as to contribute miniaturization to an image-pickup apparatus, such as a camera, having the optical apparatus mounted thereon.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus and method for scanning a surface of an object is provided. The scanner has an image sensor having a sensor plane and an image data output. An optics system defines an optical path having an axis and a first end whereat a scan object surface is locatable for scanning and a second end at the sensing plane. Preferably, the optics system includes a lens subsystem and a movable mirror for adjusting the length of the optical path. A linear actuator is coupled to the mirror such that movement of the mirror adjusts the focus of an optical image on the image sensor. A linear actuator is also operatively coupled to the image sensor to control the orientation of the plane of the image sensor relative to the optical path axis.

Abstract: A User Equipment (UE) has a circuit that performs the acquisition for the low chip rate option of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Time Division Duplex (TDD) standard as formulated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The present invention implements the detection of the basic SYNC code; the determination of the midamble used and the detection of the superframe timing based on SYNC code modulation sequence. This enables reading of a full Broadcast Channel (BCH) message.

Abstract: The inventive system and method allows the control of shielding gas in an electric welding apparatus having automatic wire feed by controlling the flow rate of the shielding gas as a function of the wire feeding speed and/or the welding current obtained. A control circuit 112 receives an input signal 203 that is representative for the wire feeding speed and/or the welding current, and issues, in response to the input signal 203, a control signal 206 to a controllable flow control valve 110 in a gas supply line 201, 202, 208, which passes shielding gas from a tank 101, via a regulator valve 102, to a discharge nozzle of the welding apparatus welding gun. An adjusting unit 113 provides an operator with an interface which permits adjustment of the parameters that determine the flow rate function.

Abstract: Data is to be estimated from a received plurality of data signals in a code division multiple access communication system. The data signals are transmitted in a shared spectrum at substantially a same time. A combined signal of the transmitted data signals are received over the shared spectrum and sampled. A channel response for the transmitted data signals is estimated. Data of the data signals is estimated using the samples and the estimated channel response. The data estimation uses a Fourier Transform based data estimating approach. An error in the data estimation introduced from a circulant approximation used in the Fourier Transform based approach is iteratively reduced.

Abstract: A plurality of code division multiple access (CDMA) channel signals are received as a received signal. The received signal is despread using a code of a first channel of the plurality of CDMA channel signals to produce estimates of the first channel. The estimates of the first channel are respread using the code of the first channel. The respread estimates of the first channel are subtracted from the received signal to produce a subtracted signal. The subtracted signal is despread using a code of a second channel of the plurality of CDMA channel signals to produce estimates of the second channel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for DFT processing using prime factor algorithm (PFA) on a selected number P of midamble chip values received by a CDMA receiver, where P has a plurality M of relatively prime factors F, and the DFT process is divided into M successive F-point DFT processes. The P data values are retrieved from a single input port memory and selectively permuted by a controller into parallel caches to optimize factoring with associated twiddle factors stored in parallel registers. The permuted inputs are factored in two or more parallel PFA circuits that comprise adders and multipliers arranged to accommodate any size F-point DFT. The outputs of the PFA circuits are processed by consolidation circuitry in preparation for output permutation of the values which are sent to memory for subsequent DFT cycles.

Abstract: A fiber-optic tunable filter and an intensity modulator respectively includes: a fiber having a polished surface and an evanescent-field; and a photonic crystal having plural cavities and a filler filled therein and attached to the polished surface, wherein the plural cavities and the filler decide a photonic band-gap of the photonic crystal and the photonic band-gap is adjusted to reflect a light with a specific wavelength through the evanescent interaction with the photonic crystal material. Based on the fiber side-polishing technique, all kinds of fiber active and passive devices are able to be manufactured easily, especially for a high speed intensity modulator using an EO (Electro-Optic) polymer as the filler.

Abstract: Gear assembly for a bicycle gear change, comprising at least one gear with a larger diameter and at least one gear with a smaller diameter. The selected gear, generally of a larger diameter, has at least one sector dedicated to upwards shifting that may include a plurality of shifting aid means to facilitate upwards shifting and a second gear, generally of a smaller diameter, has at least one sector dedicated to downwards shifting that may include a plurality of shifting aid means to facilitate downwards shifting.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing the latency from timing deviation (TD) measurement to time advance (TA) adjustment. The invention uses a deterministic procedure to coordinate time advance (TA) commands and timing deviation (TD) measurements so that failed transmissions or mobile terminals signal propagation changes can be recognized and corrected much more rapidly. Radio resource efficiency is maximized by minimizing signaling overhead through effectively reducing the frequency of time advance commands. This is accomplished by using TA command signals which include a Connect Frame Number (CFN) to specify particular radio frames for time advance (TA) adjustment. The potential for timing deviation (TD) measurements to be incorrectly processed in conjunction with adjusting a physical reception window and calculating mobile termination location is minimized, without excessive command signaling requirements.

Abstract: Packet data from multiple types of data sources is stored. The data sources have reroutable and non-reroutable data. The multiple types of data sources flow into a multiuser channel in a wireless spread spectrum code division multiple access communication system. A queue for incoming data from each data source is provided. A backlog of data in the queue is tracked. Based on in part the tracked backlog, data flow from each of the data sources is limited. For each data source capable of rerouting packet data, packet data is selectively rerouted. For each data source not capable of rerouting packet data, packet data is selectively not sent.

Abstract: A spread spectrum communication system produces a reference signal. A plurality of message signals are produced. Each message signal has message data. The reference signal and the plurality of message signals are combined as a combined spread spectrum signal. The combined spread spectrum signal is received. The reference signal is detected within the received combined spread spectrum signal. The message data of the plurality of message signals is recovered using the reference signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication system has spread spectrum and narrow band users. A selected base station produces a spread spectrum signal for transmission in a selected sector of the base station. The produced spread spectrum signal notch filters at frequencies. These frequencies are used by narrow band users located in the selected sector and sectors of base stations other than the selected base station adjacent tot he selected sector. The notch filtered signal is transmitted in the selected sector.

Abstract: An electrical control device for a motor-driven derailleur for bicycles. The control device has a supporting body adapted for attachment to the handlebars of the bicycle. A brake lever is mounted on the supporting body so that it can oscillate. A pair of switches, for controlling gear change, are carried by the supporting body. The switches are preferably mounted on a supporting plate that is located on the supporting body. Preferably, the switches are pre-assembled on the support plate before the plate is positioned on the supporting body.

Abstract: A nitrogen-filling system is provided. A nitrogen-filling system includes a carrier including a main body for carrying at least one wafer box having at least a wafer, and a closing cover mounted on the carrier main body so as to formed a closed space around the wafer box, and a transporting vehicle for carrying the carrier and a nitrogen-filling apparatus set there on for filling the closed space with nitrogen so as to enhance a stability of the wafer in the carrier.

Abstract: A system for rapidly acquiring a spreading code, used in a code division multiple access (CDMA) system comprises a generator for generating a first long code and a second long code, with each long code having a length of N chips. The first long code is different from the second long code. A transmitter transmits the first long code and the second long code at a first phase angle and at a second phase angle, respectively, on a carrier signal over a communications channel using radio waves. The first long code and the second long code may be transmitted at an in-phase (I) angle and at a quadrature-phase (Q) angle, respectively, on the carrier signal. From the communications channel, an I acquisition circuit and a Q acquisition circuit may acquire, in parallel, the first long code and the second long code from the I angle and the Q angle, respectively, of the carrier signal by searching, in parallel, N/2 chips of the first long code and the second long code.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for wireless communication transmission power control are provided. Determination of gain factors and adjustments for physical channel reconfiguration in the context of transmission power control are addressed. Preferably, implementation is in conjunction with communication systems in which wireless communications are conducted between wireless transmit receive units (WTRUs) using multiple channels that are concurrently transmitted.

Abstract: A wireless network provides controlled wireless communications with multi-mode wireless WTRUs. The wireless network has at least one base station having a transceiver operating in an infrastructure communication mode with multi mode WTRUs and a controller that transmits control signals via infrastructure communications with a WTRU that control peer-to-peer mode communications of that WTRU with other WTRUs. A WTRU has transceiver components configured for selective operation in an infrastructure communication mode with a network base station and in a peer-to-peer communication mode with other WTRUs. The WTRU also has a transceiver controller configured to selectively control peer-to-peer mode communications with other WTRUs based on communication signals received in infrastructure communications with a network base station.

Abstract: A ferroelectric memory structure is disclosed. The ferroelectric memory structure includes a substrate, an insulating layer formed on the substrate, a plurality of oxide electrodes formed on the insulating layer, a ferroelectric layer formed on the insulating layer and the plurality of oxide electrodes, and a plurality of metallic electrodes formed on the ferroelectric layer and corresponding to the plurality of the oxide electrodes.