Abstract: An apparatus for viewing microfiches held in a cassette has a housing defining a rear seat for the cassette holding the microfiches and having a front viewing area, an optical system on the housing for viewing a microfiche in the area, a holder constructed to carry one of the microfiches displaceable on the housing in the area with respect to the optical system for presenting selected portions of a microfiche carried by the holder to the optical system, and a selector in the housing for separating a selected microfiche in the cassette from the other microfiches in the cassette. A drive support is rotatable about and displaceable along an upright axis between the viewing area and the cassette-holding seat and has a pair of generally diametrally opposite arms having outer ends provided with respective drive rollers.

Abstract: Film-forming cellulose ester compositions containing at least one solvent and at least one phosphate as stripping aid, said phosphate being a mono- or di-C.sub.12 -C.sub.20 alkyl phosphate, the non-esterified hydroxyl group(s) of which is (are) in the free acid form. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing cellulose ester film, comprising adding to cellulose ester, at least one solvent and at least one above defined phosphate, casting the resulting film-forming cellulose ester composition on a smooth casting surface, and stripping said cellulose ester composition in the form of a film.

Abstract: Metal complexes, particularly copper and nickel complexes of azo dyes corresponding to general formula (I) are suitable as color dyes for the production of color images by the dye diffusion transfer process. The dyes are (in non-metallized form), in the form of so-called "dye-releasers", bound to a redox-active carrier radical provided with a ballast group, which dye-releasers are associated to a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer. During development, the metallizable dyes are image-wise released and are converted, after diffusion into a light-receiving layer, into the corresponding metal complexes ##STR1## wherein E represents an electron acceptor radical; andK represents the radical of an azo coupler component, derived from an open-chain or closed ring ketomethylene compound, a cyclic enamine compound or a phenolic compound.

Abstract: In most highly sensitive recording materials containing silver halide, the graininess may be improved by the addition of a virtually insensitive silver halide-emulsion to a most highly sensitive light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer.

Abstract: The suspension developer contains, in an electrically-insulating carrier liquid, a pigment and a block copolymer comprising a block of polymerized vinylaromatic compounds and a block of polymerized dienes the double bonds of which have been partially or completely reacted with alkyl mercaptans. The developer is distinguished by its high dispersion stability, small particle size and uniform particle size distribution.

Abstract: A light-tight cassette (1) suitable for holding a roll of web-like light-sensitive photographic material (2) wound around a core (6) and for dispensing the photographic material through a slit (19) provided in the cassette which is in the form of a box comprising a hollow shell portion (3) whose wall at three of its corners is at least partly and locally realized as a double wall and two end closure walls (4, 5) which are secured to the shell portion (3) by perforations provided in the outer wall of the double wall portions of the shell and cooperating detent fingers on the end closure walls. The inner wall of the double wall portions of the shell prevents light from intruding into the cassette through perforations in the outer shell wall and makes the cassette perfectly light-tight.

Abstract: A device for controlling the width of a slot of a diaphragm of a microfilm-reading-and-copying apparatus in which an enlarged microimage is projected by two inclined mirrors mounted on a movable carriage and via the slot of the diaphragm on a copying cylinder. The diaphragm is formed by two flaps of which one is stationary and another one is movable between a closed position to close the slot and a plurality of open positions to adjust the width of the slot. The drive of the movable flap is provided with a rotatable cam which is coupled to the movable carriage.

Abstract: A photographic roller copying apparatus for processing films of different sizes includes a scanning device for determining a size of the film to be processed, an illuminating device, a film-supporting platform having at least one aperture adjustable to the size of the film to be processed by a pivotable plate provided on the illuminating device, and two projection systems interchangeably movable into a path of light from the illuminating device. One of the projection systems includes a pair of porroprisms for rotating the image of an original positioned in the image aperture by 90.degree..

Abstract: A photographic roller copying device for projecting of originals of different side lengths onto a band-shaped copying material with a band width corresponding to the desired copy size and originals arranged in a band form and having different formats located along and transverse to the longitudinal direction of the band, has a projecting objective with adjustable projecting scale allowing a copy size of both original formats, and a turning prism turnable between a first angular position which turns the image of the original by 90.degree. and a second angular position which turns the image of the original by 0.degree. or 180.degree..

Abstract: In a threading arrangement for strip-shaped material with a timely operating overlapping of gaps of guiding for the material after a supply device for example at treatment locations, particularly at treatment devices for band-shaped photographic layer carrier, a guiding rail is provided for guiding the material at both flat sides and at a side edge, and the guiding rail is movable in the plane of the material transverse to its transporting direction with a guide for the side edge to an overlapping position and after threading from said position.

Abstract: An apparatus for loading and unloading of film cassette, in particular X-rays cassettes has a housing which defines a compartment in which the cassette is to be positioned, means for transporting the cassette into the compartment and for discharging therefrom, and means for removing the film from the cassette and loading the cassette with a new film. For recognizing the size of the cassette first and second identifying means are provided which determine the length and the width of the cassette. These determining means are in communication with comparing means which compare the determined values with nominal values corresponding to predetermined length-and-width values.

Abstract: An arrangement for separating and transporting uppermost sheets of a stack of sheets or sheet-like objects has a movable suction mouthpiece in which negative pressure acting for adhering the sheet simultaneously controls the movement of the suction mouthpiece in a longitudinal direction in a guide, the movable suction mouthpiece is connected with a valveless pump which produces in a connecting conduit between the suction mouthpiece and the pump periodically alternating negative pressure and positive pressure phases, and the guide of the movable suction piece is arranged so that a movement direction provided by the guide is inclined relative to the direction of the force of gravity at such an angle that the resultant of a lifting movement of the sheet produced during the lower pressure phase of the movable suction mouthpiece and the falling movement produced during the positive pressure phase has a component acting in a desired transporting direction of the sheet.

Abstract: Toner dispensing control in xerographic printing, wherein a toner dispenser is controlled during the initial period of use of a new toner mixture by a first control unit that is at least predominately responsive to the number of discrete exposures of the photoconductor, and during a further period of use a second control unit that is at least predominately responsive to the relative electrical permeability of the toner mixture. Over-tonering during the running-in of a new toner mixture is thereby avoided.

Abstract: A strip of exposed and developed color film is transported through a transparency measuring system. The transparency of each frame of the film strip in the three primary colors is measured at a multiplicity of regions. The transparency values are converted to density values which are processed to generate a set of data characteristic of the film strip and indicative of the color compositions of the scanned regions. The characteristic set of data and the density values for the individual regions are used to determine whether or not a respective region contains a color dominant. For each frame, the amounts of copying light in the primary colors are established from the density values of those regions which are free of color dominants and have a neutral gray color composition. The amount of copying light in each of the three primary colors is calculated so that the regions of the original having a neutral gray color composition are copied neutral gray.

Abstract: A chloride-rich silver halide emulsion with grains having in the interior thereof a zone having a high bromide content is described.

Abstract: A cassette for X-ray film has a cover and a bottom which can be moved apart to open the cassette and insert a sheet of X-ray film and can be moved together to close the cassette and define a light-tight compartment for the film. A magnetic foil is secured to the bottom of the cassette and an intensifying screen overlies the magnetic foil. The cover carries a resilient border which, in turn, carries a synthetic resin foil. A magnetic sheet is secured to the synthetic resin foil and a second synthetic resin foil is secured to the side of the magnetic sheet remote from the first synthetic resin foil. A second intensifying screen is attached to the second synthetic resin foil. When a sheet of film is accommodated in the cassette and the latter is closed, the intensifying screens are located on opposite sides of the film. The magnetic sheet and magnetic foil are attracted to one another thereby urging the intensifying screens into uniform contact with the film.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing strips of X-ray film from elongated flat envelopes, wherein the film is flanked by two foils of lead, has a table supporting two blade-like tools whose tips can be introduced into the open front end of an envelope so that each tool enters between a panel of the envelope and the outer side of the respective foil. The envelope is then advanced lengthwise so that the tools penetrate deeper into its interior whereby the envelope is severed along opposite marginal portions of the film by knives which are mounted on one of the tools. One of the panels is introduced into the nip of two advancing rolls downstream of the knives so that the one panel then pulls the envelope forwardly and the envelope is automatically opened by the knives. The leader of the exposed film is connected to the core of a reel which is driven in synchronism with the advancing rolls so that the film is convoluted onto the core of the reel.

Abstract: An image receptor layer suitable for the production of dye diffusion images with improved light fastness contains, as mordant, a mixture of from 5 to 70%, by weight, of a polymer containing cationic groups and obtained by homo- or co-polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers and from 30 to 95%, by weight, of a second polymer, which is free from cationic groups and has been obtained by homo- or statistical co-polymerization of N-vinyl imidazole or 2-methyl-2-vinyl imidazole and optionally other co-polymerizable monomers.

Abstract: In a photographic copying apparatus, in which the plane of the original and the plane of the copying material are positioned at the stable distance from each other, an objective has two optical elements which are adjustable relative to a reference position by means of the associated step motors in the axial direction so as to thereby adjust an image scale and a focus distance. A computer for controlling the step motors and two memory devices, connected to the computer, are provided in the apparatus. The data of the objective characteristics are stored in the first memory and specific apparatus data, as well as individual user's data, are programmed by a user and stored in the second memory. The computer controls the step motors in accordance with the capacities of the two memory devices.

Abstract: A flotation process for the continuous recovery of silver or silver compounds from solutions or dispersions is described, wherein finely divided, inert gas bubbles are injected into the dispersions of silver and silver compounds in the presence of protein and the pH of the medium is maintained at the isoelectric point of the protein. Addition of a surface active agent accelerates the process. The desilverized effluent has a silver content of less than 1 mg of Ag/l. The quantity of flotate (12) is less than 2% of the quantity of effluent (5) put into the process.