Abstract: Receiver embodiments are disclosed that can process a wide range of transmission bandwidths over a wide range of transmission frequencies and provide reduced converter sampling rates, filter bandwidths, and filter tuning ranges and enhanced signal-to-noise performance. They convert transmission signals with quadrature local oscillator signals whose frequencies are commanded to be a selected transmission frequency when a selected transmission bandwidth is above a predetermined bandwidth threshold and are commanded to be offset from the selected transmission frequency by an intermediate frequency that is at least one half of the selected transmission bandwidth when the selected transmission bandwidth is below the bandwidth threshold.

Abstract: A sample and hold circuit architecture samples using two capacitors that are cyclically switched between charge and discharge modes. The sample and hold circuit includes a buffer to receive an input signal to be sampled, a first sampling capacitor, a second sampling capacitor, and an amplifier. The first sampling capacitor is connected to the output of the buffer during the positive phase of a clock and across the feedback path of the amplifier during the zero phase of the clock. The second sampling capacitor is connected to the output of the buffer during the zero phase of the clock and across the feedback path of the amplifier during the positive phase of the clock. Neither the first sampling capacitor nor the second sampling capacitor is simultaneously connected to the buffer, the amplifier, or to each other.

Abstract: A mismatch shaping ?? analog to digital converter system includes a plurality of internal ?? analog to digital submodulators to provide an output; a feedback circuit including a feedback digital to analog converter responsive to the output; a summing circuit for providing the difference of an analog input and the output of the feedback circuit; and a loop filter responsive to the summing circuit and having a plurality of stages, the last stage of which is distributed to and functions as a loop filter stage in each of the plurality of analog to digital submodulators for attenuating the mismatch noise of the feedback digital to analog converter in the pass band of the ?? analog to digital converter system.

Abstract: An advanced encryption standard (AES) engine with real time S-box generation includes a Galois field multiplier system in a first mode responsive to a first data block for generating an AES selection (S-box) function by executing the multiplicative increase in GF1(2m) and applying an affine over GF(2) transformation to obtain a subbyte transformation; and a shift register system for transforming the subbyte transformation to obtain a shift row transformation; the Galois field multiplier system is responsive in a second mode to the shift row transformation to obtain a mix column transformation and add a round key for generating in real time an advanced encryption standard cipher function of the first data block.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus provide extraction of data from an analog signal. The method includes deriving a data-location signal having amplitude transitions that identify a phase of amplitude transitions of the analog signal, and, in response to the data-location signal, selecting a sampling clock signal having a phase different from the phase of the amplitude transitions of the analog signal. The apparatus includes a signal generator that derives from the analog signal a data-location signal, and a selector that selects a sampling clock signal having a phase different from the phase of the amplitude transitions of the analog signal.

Abstract: A method for one-way coupling an input signal to an integrated circuit on a semiconductor chip with the integrated circuit electrically isolated from the input signal comprises forming a MOS isolation coupler on the semiconductor chip by a CMOS process. The MOS isolation coupler comprises an inductor coil for generating a magnetic field in response to an input signal applied to terminals thereof. A MAGFET having a split drain formed by respective drain portions is formed on the semiconductor chip below the inductor coil, so that a current difference is induced between the drain currents in the drain portions which is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field generated by the inductor coil resulting from the input signal. The MAGFET is formed prior to the inductor coil. An oxide isolating layer is provided over the MAGFET, and the inductor coil is formed on the oxide layer.

Abstract: A phase lock loop RF modulator system including a phase lock loop circuit having a phase detector circuit responsive to an input reference signal and a feedback signal, an oscillator circuit responsive to the phase detector circuit for providing an output signal, a forward path from the phase detector circuit to the oscillator circuit, and a feedback path from the oscillator circuit to the phase detector circuit. The system also includes a first modulation port coupled to the feedback path, a second modulation port coupled to the forward path, and a gain mismatch detection circuit responsive to modulation data and a phase error between the reference signal and the feedback signal for providing an indicator output signal that represents the gain mismatch between the first modulation port and the second modulation port.

Abstract: The invention provides a sensor including a first sensor element formed in a first substrate and at least one optical element formed in a second substrate, the first and second substrates being configured relative to one another such that the second substrate forms a cap over the first sensor element. The cap includes a diffractive optical element and an aperture stop which collectively determine the wavelength of incident radiation that is allowed through the cap and onto the at least one optical element.

Abstract: A package apparatus has a base coupled with a lid to form a leadframe package. The package has first and second exterior surfaces with respective first and second contact patterns. The first and second contact patterns are substantially electrically identical to permit the package to be either vertically or horizontally mounted to an underlying apparatus.

Abstract: A method of producing a MEMS device removes the bottom side of a device wafer after its movable structure is formed. To that end, the method provides the device wafer, which has an initial bottom side. Next, the method forms the movable structure on the device wafer, and then removes substantially the entire initial bottom side of the device wafer. Removal of the entire initial bottom side effectively forms a final bottom side.

Abstract: A radio transmission power control circuit includes a radio frequency (rf) downconverter that produces a downconverter output representative of the difference between a first downconverter input based on a transmitted signal of a radio transmitter and a second downconverter input based on a local oscillator signal. A receiver baseband circuit processes the downconverter output to produce an analog power signal representative of the transmitted signal. A digital to analog converter converts the analog power signal to a representative digital power signal. A feedback control circuit produces a transmitter gain control signal to control transmitted signal power so as to minimize the difference between the digital power signal and a power reference signal.

Abstract: A micro-programmable digital filter includes a plurality of programmable filter elements, an instruction memory for storing a control program, at least one instruction decoder for programming the filter elements based on the control program, and arithmetic logic for selectively scaling and accumulating output values received from the filter elements and providing accumulated values as inputs to the filter elements. The filter elements are typically coupled in series so that a coefficient output from one filter element can be passed to an adjacent filter element for implementing longer filters. A separate instruction decoder may be included for each filter element. Execution of the separate instruction decoders is typically staggered so that the instruction decoders can share the instruction memory and an accumulator without collision. Each filter element can be programmed to implement a different filtering function, or multiple filter elements can be programmed to operate on a single filtering function.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a brushless DC motor includes a switch constructed and arranged to drive the motor with a pulse signal responsive to a control signal, and control circuitry coupled to the switch and constructed and arranged to generate the control signal responsive to rotor position information from the motor so as to synchronize the pulse signal to the rotor position. A current sensing device can be used to provide the rotor position information to the control circuitry by sensing current flowing through the motor.

Abstract: An analog to digital converter is provided in which the outputs of first and second digital to analog converters DAC1 and DAC2 are combined in a combining circuit so as to form a plurality of decision thresholds. This enables two or more bits to be determined in a single trial.

Abstract: A switching power supply controller has a nominal loop gain and transient loop gain that is only activated in response to an abrupt load change in one direction. The transient loop gain may be implemented with a series-connected diode and resistor combination arranged in a feedback configuration with an error amplifier. A large load change in one direction may swing the output of the error amplifier and forward bias the diode to create a non-linear gain change.

Abstract: An optical communication system includes a transmitter that receives an input optical signal from an optical source and performs filtering so that an output signal from the transmitter includes a specific set of fiber modes that are allowed to pass for further processing. A receiver receives the output signal and performs the necessary operations to retrieve a signal indicative of the input signal.

Abstract: A constant ratio current source comprises a first current branch which includes a first transistor that conducts a current I1 from a first current input to a first node and a resistor R1 connected between the first node and a circuit common point, and a second current branch which includes a second transistor that conducts a current I2 from a second current input to a second node and a resistor R2 connected between the second node and the circuit common point. The current branches are arranged such that I2 varies with I1. A linear negative resistance circuit connected between the first and second nodes provides an apparent negative resistance that increases the differential output impedance at the first and second current inputs, such that the ratio of I2:I1 is maintained approximately constant for a varying differential voltage applied across the first and second current inputs.

Abstract: A micro-programmable filter (MFE) engine includes multiple programmable filter elements and a microcode controller. The filter elements can be configured, controlled, and combined in different ways to implement different types of filters. The MFE preferably supports multiple-execution instructions that allow a single instruction to perform multiple moves into accumulators for efficient data movement inside MFE.

Abstract: One or more fixed sensing electrodes are employed to sense movement of a mass both within the plane of the mass/electrodes and along an axis normal to that plane. In order to measure movement of the mass along the axis normal to the plane, a reference capacitance is measured between the fixed sensing electrode(s) and an underlying conducting plane and a measurement capacitance is measured between the mass and the underlying conducting plane. A value Cv-KCf may be computed, where Cf is the reference capacitance, Cv is the measurement capacitance, and K is a predetermined constant. In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, a standard one or two axis acceleration sensor that measures movement of the mass within the plane can be used to also measure movement of the mass in the axis normal to the plane.

Abstract: A method converts an input data rate associated with N units of data to an output data rate associated with M units of data. The method includes calculating N write-control parameters each associated with one of M addresses of an output memory, directing each of N values of input data to an associated address of the output memory in response to the N calculated write-control parameters, and reading the output memory to provide output data associated with the output data rate. If N is greater than M, some of the N write-control parameters are associated with at least one shared address of the M addresses. If M is greater than N, all of the N write-control parameters are associated with different addresses of the M addresses. An apparatus is configured to implement this method.