Abstract: A method of improving the load-bearing properties of microcellular flexible, urethane foams wherein the processing characteristics for the production thereof are also improved, which comprises utilizing a combination of 1,4-butanediol and phenyldiethanolamine as a chain extender.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid esters of vicinal glycols are prepared by oxidizing olefins with oxygen in the presence of carboxylic acids and of halogen and tellurium salts as catalysts, the reaction being carried out in vessels and apparatus consisting of, or lined with, zirconium or alloys of not less than 80% by weight of zirconium, the remainder being tin and/or hafnium.

Abstract: New and valuable O-substituted glycolic acid anilides having a good herbicidal action, a process for their manufacture, herbicides containing these new compounds as active ingredients, and a process for controlling the growth of unwanted plants with these active ingredients.

Abstract: Manufacture of fibrids from polymers or copolymers containing fluorine in a fluid precipitation medium under the action of shearing forces.

Abstract: New sulfamic acid halides and a process for their manufacture by reacting N-(.alpha.-haloalkyl)-sulfamic acid halides with alcohols. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of crop protection agents, dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: New and valuable O-aminosulfonylglycolic anilides, a process for their manufacture, herbicides containing these compounds as active ingredients and a process for controlling the growth of unwanted plants with these compounds.

Abstract: In an electrolysis cell with anodes and cathodes which are provided with openings, the cathode chamber is separated from the anode chamber by a diaphragm. The latter consists of a porous layer of oxides or oxidic compounds of the elements of sub-group 4B of the periodic table, of aluminum, of the rare earths or of chromium. The diaphragm is applied to that side of one of the electrodes which faces the counter-electrode.

Abstract: Formic acid is prepared by hydrolyzing methyl formate, the hydrolysis being carried out in the presence of from 0.5 to 3.0 moles, per mole of methyl formate, of a base which contains tertiary nitrogen atoms, boils at not less than 180.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure and has a pKa from 4 to 9, N-substituted imidazole derivatives being the preferred bases.

Abstract: Nitroimidazolylvinylthiadiazoles, their production, and formulations containing same for use as chemotherapeutics in the treatment of microbial infections in humans and animals, especially of trichomoniasis, trypanosomiasis and amoebic dysentery.

Abstract: Particulate self-extinguishing thermoplastic molding compositions based on styrene polymers containing volatile blowing agents are surface-coated with an organic bromine compound and, to stabilize the bromine compound against photodegradation, a N-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole or a hydroxybenzophenone. The molding compositions may be used for the manufacture of foams by expanding the blowing agents at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A new process for the manufacture of vinyl-lactonitrile by reacting methyl vinyl ketone with liquid hydrogen cyanide in the presence of basic compounds and of certain amounts of solvents. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of drugs, crop protection agents, dyes, plastics and synthetic resins.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous disperse dye or optical brightener formulation which comprises(a) from 5 to 55 percent by weight, based on (a+c), of one or more finely divided dyes, optical brighteners or mixtures of these,(b) from 10 to 200 percent by weight, based on (a), of a water-soluble surfactant of the formula ##STR1## where X is from 0 to a mean value of 125, Y is from a mean value of 37 to a mean value of 250, but if X is >37, Y:X is at least 1:1, Z is 0 or 1 and Me.sym. is an alkali metal ion, or mixtures of such surfactants,(c) from 45 to 95 percent by weight, based on (a+c) of water or of a mixture of water and a water-retaining agent, with or without(d) further additives conventionally present in aqueous formulations.

Abstract: Evenly pre-faded blue jeans are obtained by subjecting the blue jeans to a washing cycle comprising (a) an initial wash with detergent and emulsifier, (b) a suitable intermediate rinsing operation, (c) a bleaching operation in which the garments are subjected to the simultaneous action of bleach and a fabric softener of the quaternary ammonium type, alone or with the addition of a suitable amount of detergent, (d) a further rinsing operation, and (e) an optional final treatment with fabric softener and laundry sour.

Abstract: A continuous process for the manufacture of ethylene copolymers under high pressure and at high temperature in a polymerization zone, with transfer of the reaction mixture into a high pressure product isolation zone and from there into a low pressure product isolation zone, and recycling of the unconverted gas from the high pressure product isolation zone into the polymerization zone and from the low pressure product isolation zone into a low temperature separator, from where the comonomer separated off is recycled to the polymerization process, while the ethylene is discharged as off-gas. The gas taken off the low pressure product isolation zone is preferably compressed to from 10 to 20 bar and cooled to from -10.degree. to -30.degree. C. before it is fed into the low temperature separator. There is a substantial improvement in the efficiency of separating off the comonomer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing color television signals for recording and playback on a magnetic tape and for subsequent display on a conventional Phase Alternation Line (PAL)-type color television receiver. A number of embodiments of the invention are disclosed for converting both PAL and National Television Systems Committee (NTSC)-format color television signals to a transfer channel format for recording on the magnetic tape, and for converting the signal recovered from the tape to a special output format suitable for reception by a conventional PAL-type color television receiver. The special output format includes a chrominance subcarrier that has a fixed phase angle and that is amplitude modulated by a special combination of color difference signals. This special chrominance subcarrier can be produced without the need for a delay line and can be properly demodulated by a conventional PAL-type receiver as though it were in a conventional quadrature subcarrier fornat.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of transparent pigmentary forms, of high tinctorial strength, of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bis-p-phenetidide and bis-p-chloroanilide, in which the diimide concerned is converted to the leuco compound, and the latter, with or without prior isolation, is then oxidized in aqueous suspension in the presence of surfactants or while exposed to shearing forces in the presence or absence of surfactants, after which the pigment is isolated.The pigments give highly transparent very pure colorations when used unreduced, while in white reductions they give very deep colorations with substantially more yellowish hues than those given by the prior art pigments.

Abstract: There are disclosed mold-release compositions suitable for lubricating metal molds which are used in molding natural and synthetic rubber and other polymers. The mold release agents of the invention are oxidation-stable homopolymer and copolymer, i.e., block or heteric polyoxyalkylene lubricant compounds. The lubricants of the invention can be used alone or in mixtures with prior art polyoxyalkylene lubricant compounds. The polyoxyalkylene mold release lubricants of the invention have the formula: ##STR1## R is individually selected from alkyl groups of 1 to about 21 carbon atoms, preferably about 7 to about 21 carbon atoms, and most preferably about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. In lubricants I and III, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the residue of the same or different and in lubricant II different alkylene units, all individually selected from the group consisting of the residue of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and an aromatic glycidyl ether, R.sub.3 is the residue of a difunctional phenol, R.

Abstract: A process for purifying a salt of sulfonated unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, and in particular, a salt of sulfonated oleic acid wherein unreacted saturated fatty acid impurities are removed by the steps of diluting the mixture of the salt of sulfonated acid and impurities with an amount of water sufficient to provide an aqueous solution containing from about 5 to about 30 percent by weight of the salt, adding a synthetic aliphatic or isoparaffinic hydrocarbon solvent having a boiling point in the range of about 150.degree. C. to about 260.degree. C. in an amount such that the hydrocarbon is present in about 10 to about 50 percent by volume, agitating the mixture for a time sufficient to provide an intimate contact of the solvent with the impurities, holding the mixture in a quiescent state for a time sufficient to allow the water and solvent to separate into layers, and then drawing off the purified aqueous layer.

Abstract: Lubricants and processing aids for synthetic fibers, particularly polyester and nylon fibers, are disclosed comprising compounds having the structural formulas: ##STR1## and ##STR2## in which R is an aliphatic group generally having about 3 to about 22 carbon atoms; A is a mixture of residues from ethylene oxide and at least one other lower alkylene oxide, preferably a heteric mixture of oxyethylene and oxypropylene residues in the respective ratio by weight of 20:80 to 90:10; and n has a value to produce a molecular weight of about 300 to about 3000.Where liquid products are desired which contain the higher numbered carbon chain residues, low viscosity compounds can be obtained by oxyalkylating a glycerol-1,3-dialkylether with a mixture of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide in the respective ratio as set forth above.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids of the general formula IR.sup.1 -COOH Iwhere R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or vinyl, are isolated from their dilute aqueous solutions by extraction followed by distillation of the mixtures obtained, the extractant used being a secondary amide of the general formula II ##STR1## where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl or conjointly are 1,4- or 1,5-alkylene, in each case of not more than 8 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is from 7 to 14 and that only one of these radicals is aryl, and where R.sup.4 is one of the radicals R.sup.1.