Abstract: 1-[3-Methyl-3,5,5-trialkoxy-pent-1-yn-1-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enes, which may or may not be methyl-substituted in the 2- and/or 6-position, are obtained by reacting the corresponding 1-[3-methyl-but-1-yn-3-en-1-yl]-2,6-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enes with orthoformic acid esters in the presence of acid condensing agents. The new compounds provide a new method of access to the compounds of carotinoid chemistry, especially to vitamin A, which avoids the conventional expensive synthesis via phosphorus ylide compounds.

Abstract: A process for removing volatile constituents which are evolved from plastic melts when extruding the latter and are drawn off together with the surrounding air. The volatile constituents are drawn off immediately as they are evolved by the plastic melt and the air containing such volatile constituents is heated immediately after entering the suction orifice, and an apparatus for carrying out this process.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of an aqueous solution of a salt of an alkanedicarboxylic acid of 6 to 12 carbon atoms and an alkanediamine of 6 to 12 carbon atoms by reacting the particular alkanedicarboxylic acid with the particular alkanediamine in an aqueous solution of the salt to be prepared. The aqueous salt solution is recycled from a first mixing zone via a transport zone and a second mixing zone into the first mixing zone, liquid alkanediamine and an aqueous solution of alkanedicarboxylic acid are introduced between the first and second mixing zones. Less than the equivalent amount of alkanediamine is introduced, the remaining amount of liquid alkanediamine is added after the second mixing zone, and aqueous salt solution is taken off the first mixing zone at the rate at which it is formed. The salt prepared is used for the manufacture of a nylon.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of oxazolidine-2,4-diones by reaction of ureas with 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters.

Abstract: Crystal violet lactone is prepared by oxidizing 2-(4,4'-bis-dimethylaminobenzhydryl)-5-dimethylaminobenzoic acid in aqueous alkaline solution by means of a water-soluble ferricyanide salt or in the presence of a ferricyanide.A very pure crystal violet lactone is obtained in high yield.

Abstract: Tetrahydrofuran is purified by treatment with bleaching earth.

Abstract: Aliphatic hydroxycarbonyl compounds etherified with aliphatic groups are prepared by oxidizing hydroxyalcohols in the presence of a metal catalyst which consists of one or more layers, each of a particular weight and each containing particles of a particular size, the catalyst bed also having a particular total thickness, and the catalyst components used being silver and copper, with or without added copper/tin/phosphorus or silver alone. The etherified hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxyketones obtainable by the process of the invention are valuable starting materials for the preparation of dyes, pesticides, plastics and scents.

Abstract: Anthranilic acid is manufactured continuously by reacting an alkali metal phthalamate and/or phthalimidate with an alkali metal hypohalite in a reaction tube, the resulting anthranilic acid being treated, during or after the reaction, with reducing agents in two steps, the reducing agents employed in the two steps being different from one another, and an alkali metal dithionite or alkali metal formaldehyde-sulfoxylate being used as the reducing agent in the second treatment step. The product is a starting material for the preparation of dyes, crop protection agents and scents.

Abstract: Diesters of olefinically unsaturated 1,2- and/or 1,4-diols are prepared by reacting a conjugated diolefin, oxygen and a fatty acid, in the gas phase or liquid phase, over a solid catalyst which contains palladium and/or platinum and a further metal, which has an atomic number of from 21 to 30, from 39 to 48 or from 57 to 80, but is not a platinum metal, the catalyst having been obtained by reduction of compounds, applied to a carrier, of platinum and/or palladium and the further metal, and heating at 400.degree. C. or above.

Abstract: A process for obtaining anhydrous hydrogen chloride from chlorine-containing organic residues by combusting these in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and separating the hydrogen chloride from the water formed during combustion. The residues are combusted in an oxygen-containing atmosphere under superatmospheric pressure and at above 2,000.degree. C., the combustion products are then cooled and passed into a first cooling zone which contains a saturated solution of hydrogen chloride in water, the mixture of water, hydrogen chloride and the other combustion products is cooled in this zone and the mixture of gaseous hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide is discharged from the cooling zone, cooled to a lower temperature in a second cooling zone, and separated from the aqueous hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Furan-modified rigid isocyanurate foams are taught herein. The foams herein are prepared by either (1) the in situ polymerization of furfuryl alcohol and/or furfural during the foam formation reaction, or (2) the catalytic condensation of a furfuryl alcohol-blocked organic polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A process for dyeing cellulose-containing textile material, wherein a dye of the general formula I ##STR1## where R is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical and n is 0 or 1, and where the rings A, B and C may be substituted and may carry a fused ring, is used.On cotton and especially on cotton/polyester union fabrics, the process according to the invention gives very fast, especially very lightfast, dyeings.

Abstract: Novel 2-substituted 1-alkyl-nitroimidazoles and a process for their preparation by reaction of 2-methyl-nitroimidazoles with oxalic acid diesters, followed by reaction of the resulting nitroimidazol-2-yl-pyruvic acid esters with chlorine, in turn followed, if desired, by reaction of the resulting 2-dihalomethyl-nitroimidazoles with water.Both the novel and the known compounds obtainable by the process of the invention are valuable starting materials for the preparation of dyes, pesticides and drugs.

Abstract: Novel anodes consist of a mixture of from 30 to 95% by weight of nagnetite, lead dioxide, magnetite/natural graphite mixture or lead dioxide/natural graphite mixture and from 70 to 5% by weight of a plastic. They may be used for the surface-coating of metallic substrates by cathodic electrocoating.

Abstract: A new pigmentary form of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide of the formula ##STR1## which has a specific surface area (measured by the BET method) of from 5 to 20 m.sup.2 /g and a maximum in the particle size distribution at from 0.2 to 1.mu. in length and from 0.1 to 0.4.mu. in width, the mean ratio of length to width being from 4:1 to 1:1, and the proportion of particles between these size limits being at least 50% of the total distribution. The pure shade of the new pigmentary from gives strongly yellowish red colorations which are very pure and very bright. The new pigment also has a good hiding power, which is from 2 to 3 times as great as that of the pigments of the prior art.

Abstract: In a process for making chlorine electrolytically in which a build-up of nitrogen trichloride occurs in the bottoms of cooling apparatus, a method and apparatus is provided wherein the nitrogen trichloride is dissolved in an organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride, the chlorine removed, and the solution treated to destroy the otherwise hazardous nitrogen trichloride. The solvent is then separated and recycled to avoid environmentally undesirable waste products.

Abstract: Alkyl pyruvates are prepared by oxidizing alkyl lactates in the presence of a silver catalyst of a defined particle size, at from 450.degree. to 700.degree. C. The products are starting materials for the preparation of drugs, synthetic resins and plastics.

Abstract: Hexamethylenimine (azocycloheptane) is produced from hexamethylenediamine by elimination of ammonia in a high-boiling solvent at a low concentration of hexamethyleneimine.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which K is ##STR2## Ar.sup.1 is phenyl; phenyl substituted by chlorine, methoxy, ethoxy, methyl, acetylamino or benzoylamino; or ##STR3## Ar.sup.2 is phenyl; or phenyl substituted by chlorine, methyl or sulfamoyl,T.sup.1 is methyl or carbamoyl,T.sup.2 is cyano or carbamoyl,Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or trifluoromethyl,Z.sup.1 is hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine, andR is phenyl; phenyl substituted by chlorine, bromine, hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, cyano, carbamoyl, nitro, phenyl, sulfamoyl, N-phenylsulfamoyl, acetylamino or benzoylamino; naphthyl; N-phenylphthalimidyl; or pyridyl.These compounds are dyes having mostly pigmentary character and are eminently suitable for coloring printing inks, surface coatings and resins.

Abstract: Flame-retardant antistatic polymer additives are provided which inhibit the buildup of electrostatic charges upon the addition of such compositions to synthetic polymeric fibers, i.e., polyamide fibers, and at the same time do not contribute to the flammability characteristics of such polymeric fibers. The flame-retardant antistatic polymer compositions are useful in combinations with fibers such as polyamide, polyester, polyurea, polyurethane, polysulfonamide, polyolefin and polyacrylic fibers. The antistatic effect is obtained by the process of coating the fibers or dispersing in or on the fibers up to about 12 percent by weight of a polymer composition which is the reaction product of:(a) a polyoxyalkylene compound or polyester thereof and(b) at least one reactant selected from the group consisting of (1) a diol, (2) a polyester and (3) an aliphatic or aromatic diacid or derivative of (3), wherein at least one said reactant is halogenated.